Variety (magazine) explained

Variety
Publisher:Michelle Sobrino-Stearns (CEO & Group Publisher)
Dea Lawrence (COO/CMO)
Paid Circulation:85,300
Editor:Ramin Setoodeh (co-editor)
Cynthia Littleton (co-editor)
Editor Title:Editor-in-Chief
Frequency:Weekly
Category:Trade, entertainment
Company:Penske Media Corporation
Founder:Sime Silverman
Firstdate:Weekly:
in New York City
Dailies:
in Los Angeles
in New York City
Country:United States
Based:Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Language:English
Issn:0042-2738
Oclc:60626328

Variety is an American magazine owned by Penske Media Corporation. It was founded by Sime Silverman in New York City in 1905 as a weekly newspaper reporting on theater and vaudeville. In 1933, Daily Variety was launched, based in Los Angeles, to cover the motion-picture industry. Variety website features entertainment news, reviews, box office results, plus a credits database, production charts and film calendar.

History

Founding

Variety has been published since December 16, 1905,[1] [2] when it was launched by Sime Silverman as a weekly periodical covering theater and vaudeville, with its headquarters in New York City. Silverman had been fired by The Morning Telegraph in 1905 for panning an act which had taken out an advert for $50.[3] He subsequently decided to start his own publication that, he said, would "not be influenced by advertising."[4] With a loan of $1,500 from his father-in-law, he launched Variety as publisher and editor.[5] In addition to The Morning Telegraph, other major competitors at the time of the company's launch were The New York Clipper and the New York Dramatic Mirror.

The original cover design, which is very similar to the current design, was sketched by Edgar M. Miller, a scenic painter, who refused payment.[6] The front cover contained pictures of the original editorial staff: Alfred Greason, Epes W. Sargeant (Chicot or Chic), Joshua Lowe, and Silverman.[7] The first issue contained a review by Silverman's son Sidne, also known as Skigie (based on the childish lisping of his name) who was claimed to be the youngest critic in the world at seven years old.[8]

20th century

In 1922, Silverman acquired The New York Clipper which had been reporting on the stage and other entertainment since 1853, in an attempt to attract advertising revenue away from Billboard, following a dispute with William Donaldson, the owner of Billboard. Silverman folded it two years later after spending $100,000, merging some of its features into Variety.[9] The same year, he launched the Times Square Daily, which he referred to as "the world's worst daily" and soon scrapped. During that period, Variety staffers worked on all three papers.

After the launch of The Hollywood Reporter in 1930,[10] Silverman launched the Hollywood-based Daily Variety in 1933 with Arthur Ungar as the editor. It replaced the Variety Bulletin issued in Hollywood on Fridays as a four-page wraparound to the Weekly. Daily Variety was initially published every day other than Sunday but mostly on Monday to Friday.[11] The Daily and the Weekly were initially run as virtually independent newspapers, with the Daily concentrating mostly on Hollywood news and the Weekly on U.S. and international coverage.

Silverman passed on the editorship of the Weekly Variety to Abel Green as his replacement in 1933. He remained as publisher until his death later that year, soon after launching Daily Variety. Silverman's son Sidne succeeded him as publisher of both publications but upon contracting tuberculosis in 1936 he could no longer take a day-to-day role at the paper.[12] Green, the editor, and Harold Erichs, the treasurer and chief financial officer, ran the paper during his illness.[12] Following Sidne's death in 1950, his only son Syd Silverman, was the sole heir to what was then Variety Inc. Young Syd's legal guardian Erichs, who had started at Variety as an office boy, assumed the presidency.[12]

Ungar remained editor of Daily Variety until his death in 1950.[13] He was followed by Joe Schoenfeld.

In 1953, Army Archerd took over the "Just for Variety" column on page two of Daily Variety and swiftly became popular in Hollywood. Archerd broke countless exclusive stories, reporting from film sets, announcing pending deals, and giving news of star-related hospitalizations, marriages, and births. The column appeared daily for 52 years until September 1, 2005.[14]

Erichs continued to oversee Variety until 1956.[12] [15] After that date, Syd Silverman managed the company as publisher of both the Weekly Variety in New York and the Daily Variety in Hollywood.

Thomas M. Pryor, former Hollywood bureau chief of The New York Times, became editor of Daily Variety in 1959. Under Pryor, Daily Variety expanded from 8 pages to 32 pages and also saw circulation increase from 8,000 to 22,000.[16] [17]

Green remained editor of Variety until he died in 1973, with Syd taking over.[18]

In 1987, Variety was sold to Cahners Publishing for $64 million.[19] In December 1987, Syd handed over editorship of Variety to Roger Watkins.[20] After 29 years as editor of Daily Variety, Tom Pryor handed over to his son Pete in June 1988.[21]

On December 7, 1988, Watkins proposed and oversaw the transition to four-color print. Upon its launch, the new-look Variety measured one inch shorter with a washed-out color on the front. The old front-page box advertisement was replaced by a strip advertisement, along with the first photos published in Variety since Sime gave up using them in the old format in 1920: they depicted Sime, Abel, and Syd.[22]

For 20 years from 1989, Varietys editor-in-chief was Peter Bart, originally only of the weekly New York edition, with Michael Silverman (Syd's son) running the Daily in Hollywood. Bart had worked previously at Paramount Pictures and The New York Times.

Syd remained as publisher until 1990 when he was succeeded on Weekly Variety by Gerard A. Byrne and on Daily Variety by Sime Silverman's great-grandson, Michael Silverman. Syd became chairman of both publications.[23]

21st century

In April 2009, Bart moved to the position of "vice president and editorial director", characterized online as "Boffo No More: Bart Up and Out at Variety". From mid 2009 to 2013, Timothy M. Gray oversaw the publication as Editor-in-Chief,[24] after over 30 years of various reporter and editor positions in the newsroom.[25]

Acquisition by Penske Media Corporation

In October 2012, Reed Business Information, the periodical's owner, (formerly known as Reed-Elsevier, which had been parent to Cahner's Corp. in the United States) sold the publication to Penske Media Corporation (PMC).[26] [27] PMC is the owner of Deadline Hollywood, which since the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike has been considered Variety's largest competitor in online showbiz news. In October 2012, Jay Penske, chairman and CEO of PMC, announced that the website's paywall would come down, the print publication would stay, and he would invest more into Varietys digital platform in a townhall.[28]

In March 2013, owner Penske appointed three co-editors to oversee different parts of the publication's industry coverage; Claudia Eller as Editor, Film; Cynthia Littleton as Editor, TV; and Andrew Wallenstein as Editor, Digital. The decision was also made to stop printing Daily Variety with the last printed edition published on March 19, 2013, with the headline "Variety Ankles Daily Pub Hubbub".[29] [30]

In June 2014, Variety launched a high-end real-estate breaking news site, Dirt, under the direction of self-proclaimed "Real Estalker" Mark David, which later expanded to its own stand-alone site in 2019.[31] October 2014 Eller and Wallenstein were upped to Co-Editors in Chief, with Littleton continuing to oversee the trade's television coverage. In June 2014, Penske Media Corporation entered into an agreement with Reuters to syndicate news from Variety and Variety Latino-Powered by Univision to distribute leading entertainment news to the international news agency's global readership. This dissemination comes in the form of columns, news stories, images, video, and data-focused products. In July 2015, Variety was awarded a Los Angeles Area Emmy Award by the Television Academy in the Best Entertainment Program category for , a series of one-hour specials that take viewers inside Hollywood films and television programs through conversations with acclaimed actors. A second Los Angeles Area Emmy Award was awarded in 2016.

In June 2019, Variety shut down its Gaming section.[32]

A significant portion of the publication's advertising revenue comes during the film-award season leading up to the Academy Awards. During this "Awards Season", large numbers of colorful, full-page "For Your Consideration" advertisements inflate the size of Variety to double or triple its usual page count. These advertisements are the studios' attempt to reach other Hollywood professionals who will be voting on the many awards given out in the early part of the year, including the Academy Awards, the Golden Globes and various guild award honors.

Editions

On December 15, 1906, Variety published its first anniversary number that contained 64 pages, double the size of a regular edition.[46] It published regular bumper anniversary editions each year, most often at the beginning of January, normally with a review of the year and other charts and data, including, from 1938 onwards, lists of the top performing films of the year and, from 1949, the annually updated all-time rental chart.[47] The editions also contained many advertisements from show business personalities and companies. The 100th anniversary edition was published in October 2005 listing Variety icons of the century.[48] Along with the large anniversary editions, Variety also published special editions containing lots of additional information, charts and data (and advertising) for three film festivals: Cannes Film Festival,[49] MIFED Film Market,[50] and American Film Market[51] Daily Variety also published an anniversary issue each October. This regularly contained a day-by-day review of the year in show business and in the 1970s started to contain republication of the film reviews published during the year.[52]

Older back issues of Variety are available on microfilm. In 2010, Variety.com allowed access to digitized versions of all issues of Variety and Daily Variety with a subscription.[53] Certain articles and reviews prior to 1998 have been republished on Variety.com. The Media History Digital Library has scans of the archive of Variety from 1905 to 1963 available online.[54]

Circulation

The first issue of Variety sold 320 copies in 1905.[6]

Paid circulation for the weekly Variety magazine in 2023 was 85,300 (Source: BPA Audit Statement, 2023). Each copy of each Variety issue is read by an average of three people, with an estimated total readership of 255,900 (Source: Ipsos Subscriber Study, 2013). Variety.com has 32 million unique monthly visitors (Source: Comscore, March 2023).[55]

Culture

For much of its existence, Variety writers and columnists have used a jargon called slanguage[56] or Varietyese (a form of headlinese) that refers especially to the movie industry, and has largely been adopted and imitated by other writers in the industry. The language initially reflected that spoken by the actors during the early days of the newspaper.

Such terms as "boffo", "payola", and "striptease" are attributed to the magazine.[57]

In 1934, founder Sime Silverman headed a list in Time magazine of the "ten modern Americans who have done most to keep American jargon alive".[58]

According to The Boston Globe, the Oxford English Dictionary cites Variety as the earliest source for about two dozen terms, including "show biz" (1945).[59] In 2005, Welcome Books published The Hollywood Dictionary by Timothy M. Gray and J. C. Suares, which defines nearly 200 of these terms.

One of its popular headlines was during the Wall Street Crash of 1929: "Wall St. Lays An Egg".[60] The most famous was "Sticks Nix Hick Pix"[61] [62] (the movie-prop version renders it as "Stix nix hix pix!" in Yankee Doodle Dandy (1942), Michael Curtiz's musical–biographical film about George M. Cohan starring James Cagney).

In 2012, Rizzoli Books published Variety: An Illustrated History of the World from the Most Important Magazine in Hollywood by Gray. The book covers Varietys coverage of hundreds of world events, from the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, through Arab Spring in 2012, and argues that the entertainment industry needs to stay aware of changes in politics and tastes since those changes will affect their audiences. In a foreword to the book, Martin Scorsese calls Variety "the single most formidable trade publication ever" and says that the book's content "makes you feel not only like a witness to history, but part of it too."

In 2013, Variety staffers tallied more than 200 uses of weekly or Daily Variety in TV shows and films, ranging from I Love Lucy to Entourage.

In 2016, Variety endorsed Hillary Clinton for President of the United States, marking the first time the publication endorsed a candidate for elected office in its 111-year history.[63]

Office locations

Variety first offices were in the Knickerbocker Theatre located at 1396 Broadway on 38th and Broadway in New York. Later it moved to 1536 Broadway at the 45th and Broadway corner until Loew's acquired the site to build the Loew's State Theatre. In 1909, Variety set up its first overseas office in London.[64]

In 1920, Sime Silverman purchased an old brownstone building around the corner at 154 West 46th Street in New York, which became the Variety headquarters until 1987, when the publication was purchased.[65] Under the new management of Cahners Publishing, the New York headquarters of the Weekly Variety was relocated to the corner of 32nd Street and Park Avenue South. Five years later, it was downgraded to a section of one floor in a building housing other Cahner's publications on West 18th Street, until the majority of operations were moved to Los Angeles.

When Daily Variety started in 1933, its offices were in various buildings near Hollywood Blvd. and Sunset Blvd. In 1972, Syd Silverman purchased a building at 1400 North Cahuenga Blvd. which housed the Daily's offices until 1988, after which its new corporate owners and new publisher, Arthur Anderman, moved them to a building on the Miracle Mile on Wilshire Boulevard.

In late 2008, Variety moved its Los Angeles offices to 5900 Wilshire, a 31-story office building on Wilshire Boulevard in the Miracle Mile area.[66] [67] The building was dubbed the Variety Building because a red, illuminated "Variety" sign graced the top of the building.

In 2013, PMC, the parent company of Variety, announced plans to move Variety's offices to their new corporate headquarters at 11175 Santa Monica Blvd. in Westwood. There, Variety shares the 9-story building with parent company PMC, Variety Intelligence Platform, and PMC's other media brands, including Deadline.com, Rolling Stone, Vibe, Billboard, Robb Report and the West Coast offices of WWD and Footwear News.[68]

Content

Film reviews

On January 19, 1907, Variety published what is considered the first film review in history. Two reviews written by Sime Silverman were published: Pathe's comedy short An Exciting Honeymoon and Edison Studios' western short The Life of a Cowboy directed by Edwin S. Porter.[69] [70] Variety discontinued reviews of films between March 1911 until January 1913[71] as they were convinced by a film producer, believed to be George Kleine, that they were wasting space criticizing moving pictures and others had suggested that favorable reviews brought too strong a demand for certain pictures to the exclusion of others.[72] Despite the gap, Variety is still the longest unbroken source of film criticism in existence.[71]

In 1930 Variety also started publishing a summary of miniature reviews for the films reviewed that week[73] and in 1951 the editors decided to position the capsules on top of the reviews,[74] a tradition retained today.

Film reviewers

Writing reviews was a side job for Variety staff, most of whom were hired to be reporters and not film or theatre critics. Many of the publication's reviewers identified their work with four-letter pen names ("sigs") rather than with their full names. The practice stopped in August 1991.[75] Those abbreviated names include the following:[7]

Reprints of reviews

Variety is one of the three English-language periodicals with 10,000 or more film reviews reprinted in book form. These are contained in the 24-volume Variety Film Reviews (1907–1996). Film reviews continue to be published in Variety. The other two periodicals are The New York Times (as The New York Times Film Reviews (1913–2000) in 22 volumes) and Harrison's Reports (as Harrison's Reports and Film Reviews (1919–1962) in 15 volumes).

In 1992, Variety published the Variety Movie Guide containing a collection of 5,000 abridged reviews edited by Derek Elley.[71] The last edition was published in 2001 with 8,500 reviews.[87] Many of the abridged reviews for films prior to 1998 are published on Variety.com unless they have later posted the original review.[88]

Obituaries

The complete text of approximately 100,000 entertainment-related obituaries (1905–1986) was reprinted as Variety Obituaries, an 11-volume set, including alphabetical index. Four additional bi-annual reprints were published (for 1987–1994) before the reprint series was discontinued.

The annual anniversary edition published in January would often contain a necrology of the entertainment people who had died that year.[89]

Charts and data

Variety started reporting box office grosses for films by theatre on March 3, 1922, to give exhibitors around the country information on a film's performance on Broadway, which was often where first run showings of a film were held. In addition to New York City, they also endeavored to include all of the key cities in the U.S. in the future and initially also reported results for ten other cities including Chicago and Los Angeles.[90] They continued to report these grosses for films until 1989 when they put the data into a summarized weekly chart[91] and only published the data by theatre for New York and Los Angeles as well as other international cities such as London and Paris.

As media expanded over the years, charts and data for other media such as TV ratings and music charts were published, especially in the anniversary editions that were regularly published each January.

During the 1930s, charts of the top performing films of the year were published and this tradition has been maintained annually since.[92]

In 1946, a weekly National Box Office survey was published on page 3 indicating the performance of the week's hits and flops based on the box office results of 25 key U.S. cities.[93] [94] Later that year, a list of All-Time Top Grossers with a list of films that had achieved or gave promise of earning $4,000,000 or more in domestic (United States and Canada) rentals was published.[95] An updated chart was published annually for over 50 years, normally in the anniversary edition each January.[96] [97]

In the late 1960s, Variety started to use an IBM 360 computer to collate the grosses from their weekly reports of 22 to 24 U.S. cities from January 1, 1968. The data came from up to 800 theatres which represented around 5% of the U.S. cinema population at the time but around one-third of the total U.S. box office grosses. In 1969, they started to publish the computerized box office compilation of the top 50 grossing films of the week based on this data.[98] "The Love Bug" was the number one in the first chart published for the week ending April 16, 1969.[99] The chart format was changed in 1989 to reduce the list to a top 40 and display a summary of the sample city theater grosses rather than publish the theater grosses separately.[91] The sample chart was discontinued in 1990.[100]

Arthur D. Murphy, who joined Variety in 1964 and worked there until 1993, was one of the first to organize and chart domestic box office gross information that became more available during the 1980s and report it in a meaningful form setting a standard for how film box office information is reported today.[101] Murphy used the weekly sample reports to estimate the total US weekly box office compared with previous annual totals which was reported in Variety's US Box Office Report each week. The sample also allowed Murphy to estimate the Market Share percentage rankings of distributors.[91]

In 1976, Variety Box Office Index (VBI) was launched where each month's actual key city box office tally, after seasonal adjustment, was simultaneously expressed as an index number, with 1970 as a whole being used as the base initially. The current month's VBI expressed the monthly box office performance as a percentage change from the base year.[102] The index was published until 1991 giving a history of comparable monthly and annual box office performance for the past 20 years.

During the 1980s, Daily Variety started to publish a weekly chart of the domestic box office grosses of films as compared to the Top 50 chart in Variety which was based on a sample of key markets. Variety started to publish this weekend box office report together with the sample top 50 chart (later top 40) until they discontinued the sample chart in February 1990 with the weekend box office report being their main source of box office reporting.[100]

In 2009, Variety launched a chart showcasing the top performing film trailers ahead of theatrical release in partnership with media measurement firm Visible Measures.[103]

Other Variety products

In 1937, Variety compiled and published a Radio Directory compiling a record of events in radio such as program histories, ratings and popularity polls.[104] It published an annual edition for the next three years[105] which are available on the Media History Digital Library.

In 1981, Variety International Showbusiness Reference was published, which they claimed was the first book to contain a complete list of all winners and nominees for the Academy Awards, Emmy Awards, Tony Awards, Grammy Awards and Pulitzer Prize. The following year they published Variety major U.S. showbusiness awards containing just this award details and a revised edition, called Variety presents the complete book of major U.S. show business awards, was published in 1985.[106]

In 1988, R.R. Bowker, a Reed Reference Publishing Company, part of Reed-Elsevier, PLC, a "sister" company to Variety, published Variety's Video Directory Plus, a CD-ROM subscription product, updated quarterly, containing metadata about 90,000 home video products and full-text film reviews from Variety.

Peter Cowie joined Variety in 1989[107] and his International Film Guide, which had been published annually since 1964, became Variety International Film Guide with reports from countries on the year in cinema as well as information of film festivals. It continued to bear Varietys name until 2006.[108]

In 1990, Variety published a 15-volume set of its television reviews (including home video product) from 1923 to 1988. Additional supplements were published covering 1989–1990, 1991–1992 and 1993–1994.[109]

In 1999, Cowie published The Variety Insider with detailed information on the year in entertainment as well as historical information. A second edition followed in 2000.[110]

Variety Studio: Actors on Actors

See main article: Variety Studio: Actors on Actors. In November 2014, Variety premiered Variety Studio: Actors on Actors, a co-production with PBS SoCal that featured two actors discussing their craft and thoughts on Hollywood, which subsequently went on to win three Emmy awards, including a Daytime Creative Arts Award in May 2019.

In January 2017, they launched the Variety Content Studio, creating custom content for brands.[111] [112] [113] [114]

Variety Insight

Variety established its data and research division, Variety Insight, in 2011 when it acquired entertainment data company, TVtracker.com.[115] Its film database was announced in December 2011 as FlixTracker, but was later folded into Variety Insight. Variety positioned the subscription service as an alternative to crowd-sourced websites, such as the IMDb.[116] The database uses Varietys existing relationships with the studios to get information. The New York Observer identified the main competitor as Baseline StudioSystems.[115] In 2014, Variety Insight added Vscore, a measure of actors' cachet and bankability.[117] In 2015, it partnered with ScriptNoted, a social media website for film scripts.[118]

Variety Australia

Variety Australia is a website owned by Brag Media, published under license from Variety Media, LLC. It covers film, TV and music around the world, but with a special focus on the Australian and New Zealand industries. The main writer is Vivienne Kelly.[119]

See also

References

Bibliography

External links

Notes and References

  1. Variety, First Year No. 1. Variety. December 16, 1905. 3. Internet Archive.
  2. "Inside Variety" published in 2000 (Ars Millenii, Madrid) by Peter Besas
  3. How "Variety" Happened. Variety. December 30, 1925. 8. Internet Archive.
  4. News: Cieply . Michael . Trade Papers Struggling in Hollywood . 3 January 2021 . The New York Times . 14 March 2010 . Mr. Silverman started a paper of his own. Its first issue promised notices "that will not be influenced by advertising." . January 26, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210126072112/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/15/business/media/15variety.html . live .
  5. Sime Silverman, founder of 'Variety,' Dies Suddenly in Hollywood at 60. Variety. September 26, 1933. 1. Internet Archive.
  6. The First Issue of Variety. Variety. December 24, 1915. 18.
  7. 'Variety's' Four-Letter Signatures, The Dog-Tags of its Critics. January 9, 1974. Variety. 26. November 2, 2023. Internet Archive.
  8. "Skigie," the Youngest Critic in the World. Variety. December 16, 1905. 5. Internet Archive.
  9. Veteran 'Variety' Mugg Gives Some Inside Stuff on Sime's Starting 'V'. Variety. September 26, 1933. 3. Internet Archive.
  10. 'Variety' Charges Hollywood Daily of Stealing Its News Each Week. January 5, 1932. Variety.
  11. Daily Variety on Coast. Variety. September 12, 1933. 5.
  12. Variety. February 11, 1976. 2. Harold Erichs, 74, 'Variety' Treasurer, Financial Officer; Career Spanned 60 Years. Silverman. Syd. Syd Silverman.
  13. News: Arthur Ungar Dies. The Brattleboro Reformer. 25 July 1950. 22 February 2021. July 4, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210704202810/https://www.newspapers.com/image/547833106/?terms=%22weekly%2Bvariety%22%2B%22daily%2Bvariety%22%2B%22ungar%22%2B%22green%22. live.
  14. News: 'Just for Variety' column to end after 52 years. August 3, 2005. March 12, 2018. March 12, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180312204713/http://variety.com/2005/scene/markets-festivals/just-for-variety-column-to-end-after-52-years-1117926968/. live.
  15. Variety. January 14, 1981. 13. The House That Sime Built. Gillette. Don Carle. May 6, 2024. Internet Archive.
  16. News: Obituary - Thomas M. Pryor; Editor, 89. The New York Times. March 22, 2001. March 8, 2018. March 8, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180308232645/http://www.nytimes.com/2001/03/22/business/thomas-m-pryor-editor-89.html. live.
  17. Web site: Tom – Simesite. simesite.net. April 12, 2018. March 8, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180308232419/http://simesite.net/?page_id=51. live.
  18. News: Freeman . William M. . Abel Green, Editor of Variety And Language Stylist, 72, Dies . 42 . 22 February 2021 . . 11 May 1973 . July 4, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210704202805/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/05/11/archives/abel-green-editor-of-variety-and-language-stylist-72-dies-architect.html . live .
  19. News: 0458-3035. Harris. Kathryn. Writers at Variety Ask: Will Sale End Freewheeling Era?. Los Angeles Times. August 23, 2014. July 15, 1987. August 26, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140826113543/http://articles.latimes.com/1987-07-15/business/fi-2283_1_daily-variety. live.
  20. Variety. Syd Silverman In New Variety Role; Roger Watkins Is Weekly Editor. October 28, 1987. 2.
  21. Variety. A Boffo 29 Years With Tom Pryor. June 22, 1988. 3.
  22. http://www.simesite.net/roger/ www.simesite.net/roger/
  23. Variety. Byrne new Variety publisher; Silverman appointed chairman. February 7, 1990. 3.
  24. News: Brooks. Barnes. Cieply. Michael. Change of Guard at Variety Reflects Shifting Landscape. The New York Times. April 6, 2009. February 25, 2017. December 26, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191226151934/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/07/movies/07bart.html. live. Accessed July 30, 2009 (registration required).
  25. "Editorial Staff". Variety. Undated. Accessed August 9, 2009.
  26. News: Patrick. Goldstein. The Los Angeles Times. July 19, 2012. The Big Picture: Variety's future looks bleak. February 18, 2020. October 15, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121015053613/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-big-picture-variety-20120719,0,2609760.story. live. Accessed July 21, 2012
  27. News: In a Fire Sale, Penske Media Buys Variety. The New York Times. October 9, 2012. Brooks. Barnes. Michael. Cieply. October 9, 2012. October 10, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121010214416/http://mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/09/in-a-fire-sale-penske-media-buys-variety/. live.
  28. News: Jay Penske Tells Variety Town Hall Today: Pay Wall Ends, Print Stays, Digital Expands. Deadline Hollywood. October 10, 2012. October 11, 2012. October 11, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121011155236/http://www.deadline.com/2012/10/jay-penske-tells-variety-town-hall-today-pay-wall-ends-print-stays-digital-expands/. live.
  29. News: Daily Variety. Variety Ankles Daily Pub Hubbub. March 19, 2013. 1.
  30. Web site: Reuters. Showbiz magazine Daily Variety goes out of print after 80 years. March 20, 2013. May 5, 2018. Steve. Gorman. Brandon. Lowrey. December 28, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191228122843/https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainment-us-usa-media-variety/showbiz-magazine-daily-variety-goes-out-of-print-after-80-years-idUSBRE92J01M20130320. live.
  31. Web site: Variety's Real Estate Section 'Dirt' Expands to Stand-Alone Site. August 19, 2019. Variety. November 6, 2022. November 6, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221106201809/https://variety.com/2019/dirt/news/variety-dirt-real-estate-stand-alone-site-1203291433/. live.
  32. Web site: Ricchiuto . Madeline . Variety to Shut Down Their Entire Gaming Section, Effective Just After E3 . May 10, 2019 . bleedingcool.com . February 5, 2021 . April 17, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210417121644/https://bleedingcool.com/games/variety-to-shut-down-their-entire-gaming-section-effective-just-after-e3/ . live .
  33. Web site: Depression Doesn't Stop Daily Variety. Variety. Hofler. Robert. October 28, 2008. April 23, 2018. March 4, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304215648/http://variety.com/2008/film/markets-festivals/depression-doesn-t-stop-i-daily-variety-i-1117994816/. live.
  34. Web site: Daily Variety. Variety. August 11, 2019. April 18, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200418051034/https://variety.com/e/daily-variety/. live.
  35. News: Daily Variety. June 25, 2010. Paywall at 100%. 1.
  36. News: Variety to begin charging for Web access Thursday. Nakashima. Ryan. December 9, 2009. The Associated Press. Google News. December 11, 2009.
  37. Web site: Kendrick Lamar and DJ Khaled receive honours at Variety Hitmakers event. . November 19, 2017. Music-News.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20171119193356/https://www.music-news.com/news/UK/109400/Kendrick-Lamar-and-DJ-Khaled-receive-honours-at-Variety-Hitmakers-event. November 19, 2017. live. September 6, 2021.
  38. Web site: BTS first K-pop act to win Variety's 'Group of the Year' award. Dong. Sun-hwa. November 21, 2019. The Korea Times. https://web.archive.org/web/20191121090220/https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2019/11/732_279019.html. November 21, 2019. live. September 6, 2021.
  39. Web site: Variety's 2017 Hitmakers. Bryant. Jacob. November 21, 2017. Variety. https://web.archive.org/web/20171122213908/https://variety.com/gallery/varietys-2017-hitmakers/. November 22, 2017. live. September 6, 2021.
  40. Web site: Hitmakers: The 30 Most-Consumed Songs of 2017. . November 21, 2017. Variety. https://web.archive.org/web/20171122081708/https://variety.com/2017/music/news/variety-hitmakers-most-consumed-tracks-2017-1202619816/. November 22, 2017. live. September 6, 2021.
  41. Web site: Kendrick Lamar Covers Variety's Hitmakers. November 21, 2017. Rap-Up. https://web.archive.org/web/20171122021657/https://www.rap-up.com/2017/11/21/kendrick-lamar-covers-variety-hitmakers-issue/. November 22, 2017. live. September 6, 2021.
  42. Web site: Variety Celebrates 'Hitmakers' Kendrick Lamar, DJ Khaled. Baltin. Steve. November 22, 2017. Forbes. https://web.archive.org/web/20210906180348/https://www.forbes.com/sites/stevebaltin/2017/11/22/variety-launches-hitmakers-music-franchise-with-kendrick-lamar-dj-khaled/. September 6, 2021. live. September 6, 2021.
  43. Web site: Variety's Hitmakers Brunch Honors Billie Eilish, BTS & More. Wass. Mike. December 7, 2019. Idolator. https://archive.today/20210906212259/https://www.idolator.com/7904078/varietys-hitmakers-brunch-honors-billie-eilish-bts-more. September 6, 2021. live. September 6, 2021.
  44. Web site: Dua Lipa named "Variety" Breakthrough Artist of the Year, says sophomore album will be "fun," "nostalgic" and "conceptual". November 29, 2018. ABC News Radio. https://archive.today/20210906213727/http://abcnewsradioonline.com/music-news/2018/11/29/dua-lipa-named-variety-breakthrough-artist-of-the-year-says.html. September 6, 2021. live. September 6, 2021.
  45. Harry Styles Responds to 'Vogue' Cover Backlash: 'Lines Are Becoming More and More Blurred'. Kaufman. Gil. December 2, 2020. Billboard. https://web.archive.org/web/20201202153621/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/9492446/harry-styles-variety-cover-highlights/. December 2, 2020. live. September 6, 2021.
  46. News: Anniversary Number. Variety . September 15, 1906.
  47. News: All-Time Top Grossers. Variety . 47. January 5, 1949.
  48. Web site: Variety Names Century's Top Icons . CBS News . October 21, 2005 . March 12, 2018 . January 2, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200102130929/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/variety-names-centurys-top-icons/ . live . Accessed March 12, 2018.
  49. News: Cannes Festival Special Issue. May 1989. Variety. 554 pages
  50. News: MIFED Film Market Review 1989 Special Issue. October 1989. Variety. 392 pages
  51. News: 10th American Film Market Edition. February 21, 1990. Variety. 356 pages
  52. News: 43rd Anniversary Edition. Daily Variety . October 26, 1976.
  53. News: Tim . Gray . Opening the Variety vault . Variety . September 13, 2010 . March 22, 2018 . July 29, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200729021324/https://variety.com/2010/biz/news/opening-the-variety-vault-1118024050/ . live . Accessed March 9, 2018.
  54. Web site: UCLA Library Variety & Daily Variety Magazine . March 9, 2018 . January 2, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200102130926/http://guides.library.ucla.edu/film/varietymag . live .
  55. BPA Worldwide, September 2011
  56. Web site: Variety "Slanguage Dictionary" . February 20, 2013 . Now that Variety is available online, we offer the following glossary of terms, most of which you're likely to see while scanning this site. . January 28, 2018 . December 18, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151218071350/https://variety.com/static-pages/slanguage-dictionary/ . live .
  57. Web site: Gloria. Hillard. A Century of 'Variety'-Speak. National Public Radio. June 18, 2005. April 2, 2018. July 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200729021614/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4708916. live. Accessed March 15, 2008.
  58. Press: Doctor & Duke. https://web.archive.org/web/20101125075353/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,746817,00.html. dead. November 25, 2010. January 15, 1934. Time. April 2, 2018.
  59. News: Wren. Celia. February 27, 2005. Do you speak showbiz? Variety celebrates 100 years of slanguage. The Boston Globe. February 5, 2015. February 5, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150205095547/http://www.boston.com/news/globe/ideas/articles/2005/02/27/do_you_speak_showbiz/?page=full. live.
  60. News: Wall St. Lays an Egg. Variety. October 30, 1929.
  61. News: George. McCall. Sticks Nix Hick Pix. Variety. July 17, 1935.
  62. News: Elizabeth. Guider. 1935 exhibitor perspective 'Sticks' in memory. Variety. May 8, 2005. March 8, 2018. July 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200729021058/https://variety.com/2005/film/news/1935-exhibitor-perspective-sticks-in-memory-1117922319/. live.
  63. Variety Endorses Hillary Clinton for President. November 1, 2016. November 2, 2016. Variety. Claudia. Eller. Andrew. Wallenstein. August 24, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190824173715/https://variety.com/2016/biz/news/variety-hillary-clinton-endorsement-1201905147/. live.
  64. Variety. Abel Green, 72, Editor of Variety, Dies; 52 Years on Show Beat. May 16, 1973. 1.
  65. Book: Bloom, Ken. Broadway: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. 2004. New York. 538–540.
  66. Web site: Deadline And Variety To Live Under One Roof After Westwood Building Deal. March 12, 2013. Deadline. May 24, 2019. December 18, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181218023954/https://deadline.com/2013/03/variety-deadline-westwood-building-headquarters-pmc-451471/. live.
  67. News: A Sign of Change: Variety Name Removed From 5900 Wilshire Los Angeles Magazine. Arnold. Shayna Rose. November 15, 2013. Lamag - Culture, Food, Fashion, News & Los Angeles. May 24, 2019. November 12, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191112121336/https://www.lamag.com/citythinkblog/a-sign-of-change-variety-name-removed-from-5900-wilshire/. live.
  68. News: Kauffman . Alexander . Is Variety Moving to Penske Media Headquarters on the 405? (Eeew!) . The Wrap . 20 December 2012 . February 22, 2021 . July 4, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210704202805/https://www.thewrap.com/variety-moving-penske-media-headquarters-405-eeew-70421/ . live .
  69. News: An Exciting Honeymoon. Variety. 9. January 19, 1907.
  70. Web site: Timeline of Greatest Film Milestones and Turning Points in Film History - The Year 1907. filmsite.org. March 8, 2018. January 13, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200113084133/https://www.filmsite.org/1907-filmhistory.html. live.
  71. Book: Elley, Derek. Variety Movie Guide. May 1, 1992. Prentice Hall General Reference . 9780139283420.
  72. News: A Critic Confesses. Variety. 16. December 24, 1915.
  73. News: Miniature Reviews. Variety. 22. January 15, 1930.
  74. News: Film Reviews. Variety. 6. June 6, 1951.
  75. Variety. Bart. Peter. Peter Bart. August 5, 1991. 3. Signing off on 'sigs'.
  76. Playthings of Passion. Variety. May 30, 1919. 75. Internet Archive.
  77. http://www.archive.org/stream/variety78-1925-04#page/n137/mode/2up "American Roof"
  78. Web site: Variety: This Thumb's For You. Roger Ebert. Ebert. Roger. March 9, 2010. July 5, 2011. Roger Ebert's Journal. January 29, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140129031713/http://www.rogerebert.com/rogers-journal/variety-this-thumbs-for-you. live.
  79. Web site: Film Reviews: E.T. The Extra Terrestrial. McCarthy. Todd. Variety. May 26, 1982. March 11, 2018. January 13, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200113084116/https://variety.com/1982/film/reviews/e-t-the-extra-terrestrial-1200425287/. live.
  81. News: Jim Harwood. Variety. September 7, 1993. April 6, 2021. July 4, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210704202805/https://variety.com/1993/scene/people-news/jim-harwood-110304/. live.
  82. News: Saperstein. Pat. Bob Hawkins, Longtime Variety Journalist, Dies at 93. Variety. October 22, 2017. November 20, 2020. September 23, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200923075437/https://variety.com/2017/film/festivals/bob-robert-hawkins-dies-dead-variety-italy-1202594907/. live.
  83. News: Obituaries. The New York Times. D13. July 20, 1979. November 20, 2020. November 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201129084917/https://www.nytimes.com/1979/07/20/archives/obituary-1-no-title.html. live.
  84. News: Thomas M. Pryor; Editor, 89. The New York Times. A25. March 22, 2001. November 20, 2020. March 8, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180308232645/http://www.nytimes.com/2001/03/22/business/thomas-m-pryor-editor-89.html. live.
  85. News: Inside Stuff On Legit. Variety. June 23, 1926. 36. Internet Archive. February 26, 2020.
  86. Web site: Whitney Williams. Variety. December 2, 2020. February 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210228212306/https://variety.com/author/whitney-williams/. live.
  87. Book: Elley, Derek. Variety Movie Guide 2001. March 1, 2001. Penguin Group (USA) Incorporated . 0399526579.
  88. Web site: Film reviews - Maximum Overdrive. January 1986. March 11, 2018. March 12, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180312083832/http://variety.com/1985/film/reviews/maximum-overdrive-1200426863/. live.
  89. News: Variety. Necrology of 1982. 239. January 12, 1983.
  90. Business on Broadway Figures For Exhibitors' Information. Variety. March 3, 1922. 47.
  91. News: New B.O. Sample Format. Variety. 9. December 20, 1989.
  92. News: Top Pix and Stars of 1937. Variety. 3. January 5, 1938.
  93. News: Lent and Weather Easing Some B.O.s But 'Trunk,' 'Adventure,' 'Utopia' 'Big'. Variety. 3. April 3, 1946.
  94. News: How Box Office Reporting Was Built. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20030810225548/http://www.simesite.net/muggs.asp?articleid=313. August 10, 2003.
  95. News: All-Time Top Grossers. Variety. 5. September 25, 1946.
  96. News: All-Time Top Film Rentals. 1998. Variety. 24 May 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/19991007042514/http://www.variety.com/numbers/video.asp. 7 October 1999. dead.
  97. News: Rental Champs Rate of Return. Variety. December 15, 1997. March 11, 2018. May 5, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200505044012/https://variety.com/1997/digital/features/rental-champs-rate-of-return-1116680329/. live.
  98. News: Computerized B.O. Chart Due. Variety. April 16, 1969. 3.
  99. News: 50 Top-Grossing Films. Variety. April 23, 1969. 11.
  100. News: Variety's Grosses Report. Variety. 5. February 14, 1990.
  101. News: Art Murphy Exits. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20031115050806/http://www.simesite.net/muggs.asp?articleid=311. November 15, 2003.
  102. News: Variety Debuts New Film Index, Graphs. Variety. February 4, 1976.
  103. Web site: Top 10 Film Trailers of the Week. https://web.archive.org/web/20140213110621/http://www.visiblemeasures.com/insights/charts/variety/. dead. February 13, 2014. visiblemeasures.com.
  104. Book: Variety Radio Directory 1937-1938. 1937. Variety.
  105. Variety. 'Variety' To Publish Annual Book Of Reference on All Show Biz. September 21, 1977. 2.
  106. Book: Kaplan, Mike. Garland. Variety presents the complete book of major U.S. show business awards. 1985. 0-8240-8919-7. Internet Archive.
  107. Variety's Cowie on Move. August 28, 2000. March 18, 2019. Variety. November 7, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201107171942/https://variety.com/2000/more/news/i-variety-i-s-cowie-on-move-1117785663/. live.
  108. Web site: Variety International Film Guide. April 9, 2018. 0074-6053. November 7, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201107084904/https://searchworks.stanford.edu/catalog?q=%22International+film+guide%22&search_field=search_title. live.
  109. Book: Prouty, Howard H.. Variety Television Reviews Series. 1994. 17. Taylor & Francis . 9780824037963. August 7, 2019. 1064-9557.
  110. Book: Cowie, Peter. The Variety Insider. 0399525246. June 1, 1999. Berkley .
  111. News: Variety Names Dea Lawrence as Chief Marketing Officer. October 6, 2015. Variety. April 2, 2018. April 2, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180402102154/http://variety.com/2015/biz/news/variety-names-dea-lawrence-as-chief-marketing-officer-1201608896/. live.
  112. News: Variety Names Dea Lawrence as Chief Marketing Officer. October 6, 2015. Variety.
  113. News: Variety Announces the Launch of Variety Content Studios. Indiewire Staff. January 11, 2017. IndieWire. April 2, 2018. April 2, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180402101717/http://www.indiewire.com/2017/01/variety-content-studios-penske-media-corporation-1201767453/. live.
  114. News: Variety Launches Content Studios for Branded Production. January 10, 2017. Variety. April 2, 2018. April 3, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180403051913/https://variety.com/2017/biz/news/variety-launches-content-studios-for-branded-production-1201957304/. live.
  115. Web site: Hollywood Trade Variety Moves Into Data and Research Business. Stoeffel. Kat. New York Observer. December 9, 2011. September 21, 2016. September 23, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160923040203/http://observer.com/2011/12/hollywood-trade-variety-moves-into-data-and-research-business/. live.
  116. Web site: Variety Launches Fact-Checked IMDB Alternative With $1,000 Subscriptions. Carr. Austin. Fast Company. December 8, 2011. September 21, 2016. October 1, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161001231907/https://www.fastcompany.com/1799676/variety-launches-fact-checked-imdb-alternative-1000-subscriptions. live.
  117. Web site: Variety Launches Vscore to Measure Actors' Value. . Variety. August 6, 2014. September 21, 2016. September 23, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160923013829/http://variety.com/2014/biz/news/johnny-depp-value-jennifer-lawrence-variety-vscore-1201263164/. live.
  118. Web site: Variety Insight Partners With ScriptNoted. Variety. October 20, 2015. September 21, 2016. September 23, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160923012405/http://variety.com/2015/biz/news/variety-insight-partners-with-scriptnoted-1201620426/. live.
  119. Web site: Variety Australia . Variety Australia . 25 October 2022 . October 25, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221025062654/https://au.variety.com/ . live .

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Variety (magazine)".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.