Vapor pressures of the elements (data page) explained

See main article: Vapor pressure.

Vapor pressure

P/(Pa)	1	10	100	200	1 k	2 k	5 k	10 k	20 k	50 k	100 k	101325
reference
<													-- 1 H --> 1 H hydrogen
use (T/K)								15			20
CRC.a (T/°C)								-258.6			-252.8
KAL (T/K)				10 (s)	11.4 (s)	12.2 (s)	13.4 (s)	14.5	16.0	18.2		20.3
<													-- 2 He --> 2 He helium
use (T/K)								3			4
CRC.b (T/°C)								-270.6			-268.9
KAL (T/K)				1.3	1.66	1.85	2.17	2.48	2.87	3.54		4.22
<													-- 3 Li --> 3 Li lithium
use (T/K)	797	885	995		1144			1337			1610
CRC.f,k (T/°C)	524.3	612.3	722.1		871.2			1064.3			1337.1
CR2	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 10.673 - 8310 / (T/K)
CR2 (T/K)	liquid, m.p. to 1000 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.061 - 8023 / (T/K)
	797.4	885.4	995.3
KAL (T/K)				1040	1145	1200	1275	1345	1415	1530		1630
SMI.a (T/K)	liquid, 325..725 °C: log (P/Pa) = 9.625 - 7480 / (T/K)
	777	867	981
<													-- 4 Be --> 4 Be beryllium
use (T/K)	1462	1608	1791		2023			2327			2742
CRC.b (T/°C)	1189 (s)	1335	1518		1750			2054			2469
CR2 (T/K)	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 13.048 - 17020 / (T/K) - 0.4440 log (T/K)
	1461.8
CR2 (T/K)	liquid, m.p. to 1800 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.792 - 15731 / (T/K)
		1606.5	1789.2
SMI.c,g (T/K)	solid, 942..1284 °C: log (P/Pa) = 12.115 - 18220 / (T/K)
	1504
SMI.c,g (T/K)	liquid, 1284..1582 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.075 - 16590 / (T/K)
		1647	1828
<													-- 5 B --> 5 B boron
use (T/K)	2348	2562	2822		3141			3545			4072
CRC.b (T/°C)	2075	2289	2549		2868			3272			3799
SMI.c (T/K)	solid, 1052..1648 °C: log (P/Pa) = 13.255 - 21370 / (T/K)
	1612	1744	1899
<													-- 6 C --> 6 C carbon (graphite)
use (T/K)		2839	3048		3289			3572			3908
CRC.h (T/°C)		2566 (s)	2775 (s)		3016 (s)			3299 (s)			3635 (s)
<													-- 7 N --> 7 N nitrogen
use (T/K)	37	41	46		53			62			77
CRC.a,d (T/°C)	-236 (s)	-232 (s)	-226.8 (s)		-220.2 (s)			-211.1 (s)			-195.9
KAL (T/K)				48.1 (s)	53.0 (s)	55.4 (s)	59.0 (s)	62.1 (s)	65.8	71.8		77.4
<													-- 8 O --> 8 O oxygen
use (T/K)					61			73			90
CRC.a,i (T/°C)					-211.9			-200.5			-183.1
KAL (T/K)				55.4	61.3	64.3	68.8	72.7	77.1	83.9		90.2
<													-- 9 F --> 9 F fluorine
use (T/K)	38	44	50		58			69			85
CRC.a,d (T/°C)	-235 (s)	-229.5 (s)	-222.9 (s)		-214.8			-204.3			-188.3
KAL (T/K)				53	58	61	65.3	68.9	73.0	79.3		85.0
<													-- 10 Ne --> 10 Ne neon
use (T/K)	12	13	15		18			21			27
CRC.b (T/°C)	-261 (s)	-260 (s)	-258 (s)		-255 (s)			-252 (s)			-246.1
KAL (T/K)				16.3 (s)	18.1 (s)	19.0 (s)	20.4 (s)	21.6 (s)	22.9 (s)	24.9		27.1
<													-- 11 Na --> 11 Na sodium
use (T/K)	554	617	697		802			946			1153
CRC.f,k (T/°C)	280.6	344.2	424.3		529			673			880.2
CR2	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 10.304 - 5603 / (T/K)
CR2 (T/K)	liquid, m.p. to 700 K: log (P/Pa) = 9.710 - 5377 / (T/K)
	553.8	617.3	697.4
KAL (T/K)				729	807	846	904	954	1010	1095		1175
SMI.a (T/K)	liquid, 158..437 °C: log (P/Pa) = 9.835 - 5480 / (T/K)
	557	620	699
<													-- 12 Mg --> 12 Mg magnesium
use (T/K)	701	773	861		971			1132			1361
CRC.b (T/°C)	428 (s)	500 (s)	588 (s)		698			859			1088
CR2 (T/K)	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 13.495 - 7813 / (T/K) - 0.8253 log (T/K)
	700.9	772.7	861.2	892.0
KAL (T/K)				891	979	1025	1085	1140	1205	1295		1375
SMI.a (T/K)	solid, 287..605 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.945 - 7741 / (T/K)
	707	778	865
<													-- 13 Al --> 13 Al aluminium
use (T/K)	1482	1632	1817		2054			2364			2790
CRC.b (T/°C)	1209	1359	1544		1781			2091			2517
CR2	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.465 - 17342 / (T/K) - 0.7927 log (T/K)
CR2 (T/K)	liquid, m.p. to 1800 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.917 - 16211 / (T/K)
	1484.9	1634.7	1818.0
KAL (T/K)				1885	2060	2140	2260	2360	2430	2640		2790
SMI.c,l (T/K)	liquid, 843..1465 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.115 - 15630 / (T/K)
	1406	1545
<													-- 14 Si --> 14 Si silicon
use (T/K)	1908	2102	2339		2636			3021			3537
CRC.b (T/°C)	1635	1829	2066		2363			2748			3264
KAL (T/K)				2380	2590	2690	2840	2970	3100	3310		3490
SMI.c (T/K)	solid, 1024..1410 °C: log (P/Pa) = 12.325 - 19720 / (T/K)
	1600
SMI.c (T/K)	liquid, 1410..1670 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.675 - 18550 / (T/K)
		1738	1917
<													-- 15 P --> 15 P phosphorus (white)
use (T/K)	279	307	342		388			453			549
CRC.c,e (T/°C)	6 (s)	34 (s)	69		115			180			276
KAL (T/K)				365	398	414	439	460	484	520.5		553.6
<													-- 15 P --> 15 P phosphorus (red)
use (T/K)	455	489	529		576			635			704
CRC.b,c (T/°C)	182 (s)	216 (s)	256 (s)		303 (s)			362 (s)			431 (s)
<													-- 16 S --> 16 S sulfur
use (T/K)	375	408	449		508			591			717
CRC.c (T/°C)	102 (s)	135	176		235			318			444
KAL (T/K)				462	505.7	528.0	561.3	590.1	622.5	672.4		717.8
<													-- 17 Cl --> 17 Cl chlorine
use (T/K)	128	139	153		170			197			239
CRC.a (T/°C)	-145 (s)	-133.7 (s)	-120.2 (s)		-103.6 (s)			-76.1			-34.2
KAL (T/K)				158 (s)	170 (s)	176.3	187.4	197.0	207.8	224.3		239.2
<													-- 18 Ar --> 18 Ar argon
use (T/K)		47	53		61			71			87
CRC.a,d,l (T/°C)		-226.4 (s)	-220.3 (s)		-212.4 (s)			-201.7 (s)			-186.0
KAL (T/K)				55.0 (s)	60.7 (s)	63.6 (s)	67.8 (s)	71.4 (s)	75.4 (s)	81.4 (s)		87.3
<													-- 19 K --> 19 K potassium
use (T/K)	473	530	601		697			832			1029
CRC.f,k (T/°C)	200.2	256.5	328		424			559			756.2
CR2	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 9.967 - 4646 / (T/K)
CR2 (T/K)	liquid, m.p. to 600 K: log (P/Pa) = 9.408 - 4453 / (T/K)
	473.3	529.6	601.1
KAL (T/K)				633	704	740	794	841	894	975		1050
SMI.a (T/K)	liquid, 91..338 °C: log (P/Pa) = 9.485 - 4503 / (T/K)
	475	531	602
<													-- 20 Ca --> 20 Ca calcium
use (T/K)	864	956	1071		1227			1443			1755
CRC.b (T/°C)	591 (s)	683 (s)	798 (s)		954			1170			1482
CR2 (T/K)	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 15.133 - 9517 / (T/K) - 1.4030 log (T/K)
	864.2	956.4	1071.5	1112.0
KAL (T/K)				1105	1220	1280	1365	1440	1525	1650		1765
SMI.a (T/K)	408..817 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.425 - 9055 / (T/K)
	869	961	1075
<													-- 21 Sc --> 21 Sc scandium
use (T/K)	1645	1804	(2006)		(2266)			(2613)			(3101)
CRC.c (T/°C)	1372 (s)	1531 (s)	1733 (i)		1993 (i)			2340 (i)			2828 (i)
CR2	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 11.656 - 19721 / (T/K) + 0.2885 log (T/K) - 0.3663 (T/K) 10^−3
CR2	liquid, m.p. to 2000 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.801 - 17681 / (T/K)
SMI.c (T/K)	1058..1804 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.065 - 18570 / (T/K)
	1678	1845	2049
<													-- 22 Ti --> 22 Ti titanium
use (T/K)	1982	2171	(2403)		2692			3064			3558
CRC.b (T/°C)	1709	1898	2130 (e)		2419			2791			3285
CR2	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 16.931 - 24991 / (T/K) - 1.3376 log (T/K)
CR2 (T/K)	liquid, m.p. to 2400 K: log (P/Pa) = 11.364 - 22747 / (T/K)
	2001.7	2194.8
SMI.c (T/K)	solid, 1134..1727 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.375 - 18640 / (T/K)
	1797	1988
SMI.c (T/K)	liquid, 1727..1965 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.105 - 20110 / (T/K)
			2209
<													-- 23 V --> 23 V vanadium
use (T/K)	2101	2289	2523		2814			3187			3679
CRC.b (T/°C)	1828 (s)	2016	2250		2541			2914			3406
CR2 (T/K)	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.750 - 27132 / (T/K) - 0.5501 log (T/K)
	2099.6
CR2 (T/K)	liquid, m.p. to 2500 K: log (P/Pa) = 11.935 - 25011 / (T/K)
		2287.2	2517.5
SMI.c (T/K)	1465..2207 °C: log (P/Pa) = 12.445 - 26620 / (T/K)
	2139	2326
<													-- 24 Cr --> 24 Cr chromium
use (T/K)	1656	1807	1991		2223			2530			2942
CRC.b (T/°C)	1383 (s)	1534 (s)	1718 (s)		1950			2257			2669
CR2	solid, 298 K to 2000 K: log (P/Pa) = 11.806 - 20733 / (T/K) + 0.4391 log (T/K) - 0.4094 (T/K)^−3
KAL (T/K)				2020	2180	2260	2370	2470	2580	2730		2870
SMI.c,l (T/K)	solid, 907..1504 °C: log (P/Pa) = 12.005 - 17560 / (T/K)
	1463	1596	1755
<													-- 25 Mn --> 25 Mn manganese
use (T/K)	1228	1347	1493		1691			1955			2333
CRC.b (T/°C)	955 (s)	1074 (s)	1220 (s)		1418			1682			2060
CR2 (T/K)	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 17.811 - 15097 / (T/K) - 1.7896 log (T/K)
	1229.2	1346.6	1490.0
KAL (T/K)				1560	1710	1780	1890	1980	2080	2240		2390
SMI.c (T/K)	717..1251 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.375 - 14100 / (T/K)
	1240	1359	1504
<													-- 26 Fe --> 26 Fe iron
use (T/K)	1728	1890	2091		2346			2679			3132
CRC.b (T/°C)	1455 (s)	1617	1818		2073			2406			2859
CR2	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 12.106 - 21723 / (T/K) + 0.4536 log (T/K) - 0.5846 (T/K) 10^−3
CR2 (T/K)	liquid, m.p. to 2100 K: log (P/Pa) = 11.353 - 19574 / (T/K)
		1890.7	2092.8
KAL (T/K)				2110	2290	2380	2500	2610	2720	2890		3030
SMI.c,f (T/K)	solid, 1094..1535 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.755 - 20000 / (T/K)
	1701
SMI.c,f (T/K)	liquid, 1535..1783 °C: log (P/Pa) = 12.535 - 21400 / (T/K)
		1855	2031
<													-- 27 Co --> 27 Co cobalt
use (T/K)	1790	1960	2165		2423			2755			3198
CRC.b (T/°C)	1517	1687	1892		2150			2482			2925
CR2	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 15.982 - 22576 / (T/K) - 1.0280 log (T/K)
CR2 (T/K)	liquid, m.p. to 2150 K: log (P/Pa) = 11.494 - 20578 / (T/K)
	1790.3	1960.9	2167.5
SMI.c (T/K)	1249..2056 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.555 - 21960 / (T/K)
	1900	2081	2298
<													-- 28 Ni --> 28 Ni nickel
use (T/K)	1783	1950	2154		2410			2741			3184
CRC.b (T/°C)	1510	1677	1881		2137			2468			2911
CR2	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 15.563 - 22606 / (T/K) - 0.8717 log (T/K)
CR2 (T/K)	liquid, m.p. to 2150 K: log (P/Pa) = 11.672 - 20765 / (T/K)
	1779.0	1945.7	2146.9
KAL (T/K)				2230	2410	2500	2630	2740	2860	3030		3180
SMI.c,q	solid, 1157..1455 °C: log (P/Pa) = 12.405 - 21840 / (T/K)
SMI.c,q (T/K)	liquid, 1455..1884 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.675 - 20600 / (T/K)
	1764	1930	2129
<													-- 29 Cu --> 29 Cu copper
use (T/K)	1509	1661	1850		2089			2404			2836
CRC.b (T/°C)	1236	1388	1577		1816			2131			2563
CR2	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.129 - 17748 / (T/K) - 0.7317 log (T/K)
CR2 (T/K)	liquid, m.p. to 1850 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.855 - 16415 / (T/K)
	1512.2	1665.7	1853.8
KAL (T/K)				1940	2110	2200	2320	2420	2540	2710		2860
SMI.c,f	solid, 946..1083 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.935 - 18060 / (T/K)
SMI.c,f (T/K)	liquid, 1083..1628 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.845 - 16580 / (T/K)
	1529	1684	1875
<													-- 30 Zn --> 30 Zn zinc
use (T/K)	610	670	750		852			990			(1185)
CRC.b (T/°C)	337 (s)	397 (s)	477		579			717			912 (e)
CR2 (T/K)	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 11.108 - 6776 / (T/K)
	610.0	670.4
CR2 (T/K)	liquid, m.p. to 750 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.384 - 6286 / (T/K)
			749.8
KAL (T/K)				780	854	891	945	991	1040	1120		1185
SMI.a (T/K)	solid, 211..405 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.065 - 6744 / (T/K)
	609	670
<													-- 31 Ga --> 31 Ga gallium
use (T/K)	1310	1448	1620		1838			2125			2518
CRC.b (T/°C)	1037	1175	1347		1565			1852			2245
CR2	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 11.663 - 14208 / (T/K)
CR2 (T/K)	liquid, m.p. to 1600 K: log (P/Pa) = 11.760 - 13984 / (T/K) - 0.3413 log (T/K)
	1307.4	1444.4	1613.8
KAL (T/K)				1665	1820	1900	2000	2100	2200	2350		2480
SMI.c (T/K)	liquid, 771..1443 °C: log (P/Pa) = 9.915 - 13360 / (T/K)
	1347	1499	1688
<													-- 32 Ge --> 32 Ge germanium
use (T/K)	1644	1814	2023		2287			2633			3104
CRC.b (T/°C)	1371	1541	1750		2014			2360			2831
SMI.c (T/K)	897..1635 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.065 - 15150 / (T/K)
	1505	1671	1878
<													-- 33 As --> 33 As arsenic
use (T/K)	553	596	646		706			781			874
CRC.c (T/°C)	280 (s)	323 (s)	373 (s)		433 (s)			508 (s)			601 (s)
KAL (T/K)				656 (s)	701 (s)	723 (s)	754 (s)	780 (s)	808 (s)	849 (s)		883 (s)
<													-- 34 Se --> 34 Se selenium
use (T/K)	500	552	617		704			813			958
CRC.c (T/°C)	227	279	344		431			540			685
KAL (T/K)				636	695	724	767	803	844	904		958
<													-- 35 Br --> 35 Br bromine
use (T/K)	185	201	220		244			276			332
CRC.a (T/°C)	-87.7 (s)	-71.8 (s)	-52.7 (s)		-29.3 (s)			2.5			58.4
KAL (T/K)				227 (s)	244.1 (s)	252.1 (s)	263.6 (s)	275.7	290.0	312.0		332.0
<													-- 36 Kr --> 36 Kr krypton
use (T/K)	59	65	74		84			99			120
CRC.d (T/°C)	-214.0 (s)	-208.0 (s)	-199.4 (s)		-188.9 (s)			-174.6 (s)			-153.6
KAL (T/K)				77 (s)	84.3 (s)	88.1 (s)	93.8 (s)	98.6 (s)	103.9 (s)	112.0 (s)		119.7
<													-- 37 Rb --> 37 Rb rubidium
use (T/K)	434	486	552		641			769			958
CRC.f,k (T/°C)	160.4	212.5	278.9		368			496.1			685.3
CR2	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 9.863 - 4215 / (T/K)
CR2 (T/K)	liquid, m.p. to 550 K: log (P/Pa) = 9.318 - 4040 / (T/K)
	433.6	485.7	552.1
KAL (T/K)				583	649	684	735	779	829	907		978
SMI.d (T/K)	liquid, 59.4..283 °C: log (P/Pa) = 9.545 - 4132 / (T/K)
	433	484	548
<													-- 38 Sr --> 38 Sr strontium
use (T/K)	796	882	990		1139			1345			1646
CRC.b (T/°C)	523 (s)	609 (s)	717 (s)		866			1072			1373
CR2 (T/K)	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.232 - 8572 / (T/K) - 1.1926 log (T/K)
	795.7	882.0	989.9	1028.0
KAL (T/K)				1040 (s)	1150	1205	1285	1355	1430	1550		1660
SMI.c (T/K)	solid, 361..750 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.255 - 8324 / (T/K)
	812	899	1008
<													-- 39 Y --> 39 Y yttrium
use (T/K)	1883	2075	(2320)		(2627)			(3036)			(3607)
CRC.c (T/°C)	1610.1	1802.3	2047 (i)		2354 (i)			2763 (i)			3334 (i)
CR2	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.741 - 22306 / (T/K) - 0.8705 log (T/K)
CR2 (T/K)	liquid, m.p. to 2300 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.801 - 20341 / (T/K)
	1883.3	2075.4
SMI.c (T/K)	1249..2056 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.555 - 21970 / (T/K)
	1901	2081	2299
<													-- 40 Zr --> 40 Zr zirconium
use (T/K)	2639	2891	3197		3575			4053			4678
CRC.b (T/°C)	2366	2618	2924		3302			3780			4405
CR2	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 15.014 - 31512 / (T/K) - 0.7890 log (T/K)
CR2	liquid, m.p. to 2500 K: log (P/Pa) = 11.812 - 30295 / (T/K)
SMI.c (T/K)	solid, 1527..2127 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.505 - 25870 / (T/K)
	2249
SMI.c (T/K)	liquid, 2127..2459 °C: log (P/Pa) = 12.165 - 27430 / (T/K)
		2457	2698
<													-- 41 Nb --> 41 Nb niobium
use (T/K)	2942	3207	3524		3910			4393			5013
CRC.b (T/°C)	2669	2934	3251		3637			4120			4740
CR2	solid, 298 K to 2500 K: log (P/Pa) = 13.828 - 37818 / (T/K) - 0.2575 log (T/K)
SMI.n	2194..2539 °C: log (P/Pa) = 13.495 - 40400 / (T/K)
<													-- 42 Mo --> 42 Mo molybdenum
use (T/K)	2742	2994	3312		3707			4212			4879
CRC.b (T/°C)	2469 (s)	2721	3039		3434			3939			4606
CR2	solid, 298 K to 2500 K: log (P/Pa) = 16.535 - 34626 / (T/K) - 1.1331 log (T/K)
KAL (T/K)				3420	3720	3860	4060	4220	4410	4680		4900
SMI.r (T/K)	solid, 1923..2533 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.925 - 30310 / (T/K)
	2774
<													-- 43 Tc --> 43 Tc technetium
use (T/K)	(2727)	(2998)	(3324)		(3726)			(4234)			(4894)
CRC.b (T/°C)	2454 (e)	2725 (e)	3051 (e)		3453 (e)			3961 (e)			4621 (e)
<													-- 44 Ru --> 44 Ru ruthenium
use (T/K)	2588	2811	3087		3424			3845			4388
CRC.b (T/°C)	2315 (s)	2538	2814		3151			3572			4115
CR2 (T/K)	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.761 - 34154 / (T/K) - 0.4723 log (T/K)
	2597.6
SMI.c (T/K)	1913..2946 °C: log (P/Pa) = 12.625 - 33800 / (T/K)
	2677	2908	3181
<													-- 45 Rh --> 45 Rh rhodium
use (T/K)	2288	2496	2749		3063			3405			3997
CRC.b (T/°C)	2015	2223	2476		2790			3132			3724
CR2	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 15.174 - 29010 / (T/K) - 0.7068 log (T/K)
CR2 (T/K)	liquid, m.p. to 2500 K: log (P/Pa) = 11.808 - 26792 / (T/K)
	2269.0	2478.9
SMI.c (T/K)	1681..2607 °C: log (P/Pa) = 12.675 - 30400 / (T/K)
	2398	2604	2848
<													-- 46 Pd --> 46 Pd palladium
use (T/K)	1721	1897	2117		2395			2753			3234
CRC.b (T/°C)	1448 (s)	1624	1844		2122			2480			2961
CR2 (T/K)	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.508 - 19813 / (T/K) - 0.9258 log (T/K)
	1721.0
CR2 (T/K)	liquid, m.p. to 2100 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.432 - 17899 / (T/K)
		1897.7
SMI.c (T/K)	1156..2000 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.585 - 19230 / (T/K)
	1817	2006	2240
<													-- 47 Ag --> 47 Ag silver
use (T/K)	1283	1413	1575		1782			2055			2433
CRC.b (T/°C)	1010	1140	1302		1509			1782			2160
CR2	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.133 - 14999 / (T/K) - 0.7845 log (T/K)
CR2 (T/K)	liquid, m.p. to 1600 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.758 - 13827 / (T/K)
	1285.3	1417.0	1578.8
KAL (T/K)				1640	1790	1865	1970	2060	2160	2310		2440
SMI.a	solid, 767..961 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.405 - 14850 / (T/K)
SMI.a (T/K)	liquid, 961..1353 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.785 - 14090 / (T/K)
	1306	1440	1604
<													-- 48 Cd --> 48 Cd cadmium
use (T/K)	530	583	654		745			867			1040
CRC.b (T/°C)	257 (s)	310 (s)	381		472			594			767
CR2 (T/K)	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 10.945 - 5799 / (T/K)
	529.8	583.1
CR2 (T/K)	liquid, m.p. to 650 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.248 - 5392 / (T/K)
			653.7
KAL (T/K)				683	748	781	829	870	915	983		1045
SMI.a (T/K)	solid, 148..321 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.905 - 5798 / (T/K)
	532	585
<													-- 49 In --> 49 In indium
use (T/K)	1196	1325	1485		1690			1962			2340
CRC.b (T/°C)	923	1052	1212		1417			1689			2067
CR2	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 10.997 - 12548 / (T/K)
CR2 (T/K)	liquid, m.p. to 1500 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.380 - 12276 / (T/K)
	1182.7	1308.7	1464.9
SMI.c,m (T/K)	liquid, 667..1260 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.055 - 12150 / (T/K)
	1208	1342	1508
<													-- 50 Sn --> 50 Sn tin
use (T/K)	1497	1657	1855		2107			2438			2893
CRC.b (T/°C)	1224	1384	1582		1834			2165			2620
CR2	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 11.042 - 15710 / (T/K)
CR2 (T/K)	liquid, m.p. to 1850 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.268 - 15332 / (T/K)
	1493.2	1654.3	1854.4
KAL (T/K)				1930	2120	2210	2350	2470	2600	2800		2990
SMI.c (T/K)	liquid, 823..1609 °C: log (P/Pa) = 9.095 - 13110 / (T/K)
	1441	1620	1848
<													-- 51 Sb --> 51 Sb antimony
use (T/K)	807	876	1011		1219			1491			1858
CRC.b,c (T/°C)	534 (s)	603 (s)	738		946			1218			1585
KAL (T/K)				1065	1220	1295	1405	1495	1595	1740		1890
SMI.c (T/K)	466..904 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.545 - 9913 / (T/K)
	940	1039	1160
<													-- 52 Te --> 52 Te tellurium
use (T/K)			(775)		(888)			1042			1266
CRC.d (T/°C)			502 (e)		615 (e)			768.8			992.4
KAL (T/K)				806	888	929	990	1040	1100	1190		1270
<													-- 53 I --> 53 I iodine (rhombic)
use (T/K)	260	282	309		342			381			457
CRC.a,b (T/°C)	-12.8 (s)	9.3 (s)	35.9 (s)		68.7 (s)			108 (s)			184.0
KAL (T/K)				318 (s)	341.8 (s)	353.1 (s)	369.3 (s)	382.7 (s)	400.8	430.6		457.5
<													-- 54 Xe --> 54 Xe xenon
use (T/K)	83	92	103		117			137			165
CRC.d,m (T/°C)	-190 (s)	-181 (s)	-170 (s)		-155.8 (s)			-136.6 (s)			-108.4
KAL (T/K)				107 (s)	117.3 (s)	122.5 (s)	130.1 (s)	136.6 (s)	143.8 (s)	154.7 (s)		165.0
<													-- 55 Cs --> 55 Cs caesium
use (T/K)	418	469	534		623			750			940
CRC.f,k (T/°C)	144.5	195.6	260.9		350.0			477.1			667.0
CR2	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 9.717 - 3999 / (T/K)
CR2 (T/K)	liquid, m.p. to 550 K: log (P/Pa) = 9.171 - 3830 / (T/K)
	417.6	468.7	534.1
KAL (T/K)				559	624	657	708	752	802	883		959
SMI.e (T/K)	liquid, 45..277 °C: log (P/Pa) = 8.985 - 3774 / (T/K)
	420	473	540
<													-- 56 Ba --> 56 Ba barium
use (T/K)	911	1038	1185		1388			1686			2170
CRC.e (T/°C)	638 (s)	765	912		1115			1413			1897
CR2 (T/K)	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 17.411 - 9690 / (T/K) - 2.2890 log (T/K)
	911.0
CR2 (T/K)	liquid, m.p. to 1200 K: log (P/Pa) = 9.013 - 8163 / (T/K)
		1018.7	1164.0
KAL (T/K)				1165	1290	1360	1455	1540	1635	1780		1910
SMI.c (T/K)	418..858 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.005 - 8908 / (T/K)
	890	989	1113
<													-- 57 La --> 57 La lanthanum
use (T/K)	(2005)	(2208)	(2458)		(2772)			(3178)			(3726)
CRC.c (T/°C)	1732 (i)	1935 (i)	2185 (i)		2499 (i)			2905 (i)			3453 (i)
CR2	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 12.469 - 22551 / (T/K) - 0.3142 log (T/K)
CR2 (T/K)	liquid, m.p. to 2450 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.917 - 21855 / (T/K)
	2001.9	2203.8	2450.9
SMI.c (T/K)	liquid, 1023..1754 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.005 - 18000 / (T/K)
	1636	1799	1999
<													-- 58 Ce --> 58 Ce cerium
use (T/K)	1992	2194	2442		2754			3159			3705
CRC.g (T/°C)	1719	1921	2169		2481			2886			3432
CR2	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 11.145 - 21752 / (T/K)
CR2 (T/K)	liquid, m.p. to 2450 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.617 - 21200 / (T/K)
	1996.8	2204.4	2460.3
SMI.c (T/K)	liquid, 1004..1599 °C: log (P/Pa) = 12.865 - 20100 / (T/K)
	1562	1694	1850
<													-- 59 Pr --> 59 Pr praseodymium
use (T/K)	1771	1973	(2227)		(2571)			(3054)			(3779)
CRC.c (T/°C)	1497.7	1699.4	1954 (i)		2298 (i)			2781 (i)			3506 (i)
CR2	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 13.865 - 18720 / (T/K) - 0.9512 log (T/K)
CR2 (T/K)	liquid, m.p. to 2200 K: log (P/Pa) = 9.778 - 17315 / (T/K)
	1770.8	1972.5
<													-- 60 Nd --> 60 Nd neodymium
use (T/K)	1595	1774	1998		(2296)			(2715)			(3336)
CRC.c (T/°C)	1322.3	1501.2	1725.3		2023 (i)			2442 (i)			3063 (i)
CR2	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.002 - 17264 / (T/K) - 0.9519 log (T/K)
CR2 (T/K)	liquid, m.p. to 2000 K: log (P/Pa) = 9.918 - 15824 / (T/K)
	1595.5	1774.4	1998.5
<													-- 62 Sm --> 62 Sm samarium
use (T/K)	1001	1106	1240		(1421)			(1675)			(2061)
CRC.c (T/°C)	728 (s)	833 (s)	967 (s)		1148 (i)			1402 (i)			1788 (i)
CR2 (T/K)	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.994 - 11034 / (T/K) - 1.3287 log (T/K)
	1002.5	1109.2	1242.2	1289.0
<													-- 63 Eu --> 63 Eu europium
use (T/K)	863	957	1072		1234			1452			1796
CRC.g (T/°C)	590 (s)	684 (s)	799 (s)		961			1179			1523
CR2 (T/K)	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.246 - 9459 / (T/K) - 1.1661 log (T/K)
	874.6	968.8	1086.5
<													-- 64 Gd --> 64 Gd gadolinium
use (T/K)	(1836)	(2028)	(2267)		(2573)			(2976)			(3535)
CRC.c (T/°C)	1563 (i)	1755 (i)	1994 (i)		2300 (i)			2703 (i)			3262 (i)
CR2	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 13.350 - 20861 / (T/K) - 0.5775 log (T/K)
CR2 (T/K)	liquid, m.p. to 2250 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.563 - 19389 / (T/K)
	1835.6	2027.5	2264.3
<													-- 65 Tb --> 65 Tb terbium
use (T/K)	1789	1979	(2201)		(2505)			(2913)			(3491)
CRC.c (T/°C)	1516.1	1706.1	1928 (i)		2232 (i)			2640 (i)			3218 (i)
CR2	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.516 - 20457 / (T/K) - 0.9247 log (T/K)
CR2 (T/K)	liquid, m.p. to 2200 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.417 - 18639 / (T/K)
	1789.3	1979.3	2214.4
<													-- 66 Dy --> 66 Dy dysprosium
use (T/K)	1378	1523	(1704)		(1954)			(2304)			(2831)
CRC.c (T/°C)	1105 (s)	1250 (s)	1431 (i)		1681 (i)			2031 (i)			2558 (i)
CR2 (T/K)	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.585 - 15336 / (T/K) - 1.1114 log (T/K)
	1382.3	1526.5
<													-- 67 Ho --> 67 Ho holmium
use (T/K)	1432	1584	(1775)		(2040)			(2410)			(2964)
CRC.c (T/°C)	1159 (s)	1311 (s)	1502 (i)		1767 (i)			2137 (i)			2691 (i)
CR2 (T/K)	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.791 - 15899 / (T/K) - 1.1753 log (T/K)
	1434.8	1585.2
<													-- 68 Er --> 68 Er erbium
use (T/K)	1504	1663	(1885)		(2163)			(2552)			(3132)
CRC.c (T/°C)	1231 (s)	1390 (s)	1612 (i)		1890 (i)			2279 (i)			2859 (i)
CR2 (T/K)	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.922 - 16642 / (T/K) - 1.2154 log (T/K)
	1504.7	1663.0
CR2 (T/K)	liquid, m.p. to 1900 K: log (P/Pa) = 9.674 - 14380 / (T/K)
			1873.9
<													-- 69 Tm --> 69 Tm thulium
use (T/K)	1117	1235	1381		1570			(1821)			(2217)
CRC.c (T/°C)	844 (s)	962 (s)	1108 (s)		1297 (s)			1548 (i)			1944 (i)
CR2 (T/K)	solid, 298 K to 1400 K: log (P/Pa) = 13.888 - 12270 / (T/K) - 0.9564 log (T/K)
	1118.3	1235.5	1381.0
<													-- 70 Yb --> 70 Yb ytterbium
use (T/K)	736	813	910		1047			(1266)			(1465)
CRC.c (T/°C)	463 (s)	540 (s)	637 (s)		774 (s)			993 (i)			1192 (i)
CR2 (T/K)	solid, 298 K to 900 K: log (P/Pa) = 14.117 - 8111 / (T/K) - 1.0849 log (T/K)
	737.0	814.4
<													-- 71 Lu --> 71 Lu lutetium
use (T/K)	1906	2103	2346		(2653)			(3072)			(3663)
CRC.c (T/°C)	1633 (s)	1829.8	2072.8		2380 (i)			2799 (i)			3390 (i)
CR2 (T/K)	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 13.799 - 22423 / (T/K) - 0.6200 log (T/K)
	1905.9
CR2 (T/K)	liquid, m.p. to 2350 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.654 - 20302 / (T/K)
		2103.0	2346.0
<													-- 72 Hf --> 72 Hf hafnium
use (T/K)	2689	2954	3277		3679			4194			4876
CRC.e (T/°C)	2416	2681	3004		3406			3921			4603
CR2	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.451 - 32482 / (T/K) - 0.6735 log (T/K)
<													-- 73 Ta --> 73 Ta tantalum
use (T/K)	3297	3597	3957		4395			4939			5634
CRC.b (T/°C)	3024	3324	3684		4122			4666			5361
CR2	solid, 248 K to 2500 K: log (P/Pa) = 21.813 - 41346 / (T/K) - 3.2152 log (T/K) + 0.7437 (T/K) 10^−3
SMI.o,p	solid, 2407..2820 °C: log (P/Pa) = 12.125 - 40210 / (T/K)
<													-- 74 W --> 74 W tungsten
use (T/K)	3477	3773	4137		4579			5127			5823
CRC.b (T/°C)	3204 (s)	3500	3864		4306			4854			5550
CR2	solid, 298 K to 2350 K: log (P/Pa) = 7.951 - 44094 / (T/K) + 1.3677 log (T/K)
CR2	solid, 2200 K to 2500 K: log (P/Pa) = -49.521 - 57687 / (T/K) - 12.2231 log (T/K)
KAL (T/K)				4300	4630	4790	5020	5200	5400	5690		5940
SMI.s (T/K)	solid, 2554..3309 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.365 - 40260 / (T/K)
	3542
<													-- 75 Re --> 75 Re rhenium
use (T/K)	3303	3614	4009		4500			5127			5954
CRC.b (T/°C)	3030 (s)	3341	3736		4227			4854			5681
CR2	solid, 298 K to 2500 K: log (P/Pa) = 16.549 - 40726 / (T/K) - 1.1629 log (T/K)
<													-- 76 Os --> 76 Os osmium
use (T/K)	3160	3423	3751		4148			4638			5256
CRC.b (T/°C)	2887 (s)	3150	3478		3875			4365			4983
CR2	solid, 298 K to 2500 K: log (P/Pa) = 14.425 - 41198 / (T/K) - 0.3896 log (T/K)
SMI.c (T/K)	2101..3221 °C: log (P/Pa) = 12.715 - 37000 / (T/K)
	2910	3158	3453
<													-- 77 Ir --> 77 Ir iridium
use (T/K)	2713	2957	3252		3614			4069			4659
CRC.b (T/°C)	2440 (s)	2684	2979		3341			3796			4386
CR2	solid, 298 K to 2500 K: log (P/Pa) = 15.512 - 35099 / (T/K) - 0.7500 log (T/K)
SMI.c (T/K)	1993..3118 °C: log (P/Pa) = 12.185 - 34110 / (T/K)
	2799	3050	3349
<													-- 78 Pt --> 78 Pt platinum
use (T/K)	2330	(2550)	2815		3143			3556			4094
CRC.b (T/°C)	2057	2277 (e)	2542		2870			3283			3821
CR2	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 4.888 - 29387 / (T/K) + 1.1039 log (T/K) - 0.4527 (T/K) 10^−3
CR2 (T/K)	liquid, m.p. to 2500 K: log (P/Pa) = 11.392 - 26856 / (T/K)
	2357.4
KAL (T/K)				2910	3150	3260	3420	3560	3700	3910		4090
SMI.c (T/K)	1606..2582 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.758 - 27500 / (T/K)
	2339	2556	2818
<													-- 79 Au --> 79 Au gold
use (T/K)	1646	1814	2021		2281			2620			3078
CRC.b (T/°C)	1373	1541	1748		2008			2347			2805
CR2	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.158 - 19343 / (T/K) - 0.7479 log (T/K)
CR2 (T/K)	liquid, m.p. to 2050 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.838 - 18024 / (T/K)
	1663.0	1832.1	2039.4
KAL (T/K)				2100	2290	2390	2520	2640	2770	2960		3120
SMI.a (T/K)	1083..1867 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.775 - 18520 / (T/K)
	1719	1895	2111
<													-- 80 Hg --> 80 Hg mercury
use (T/K)	315	350	393		449			523			629
CRC.j,k (T/°C)	42.0	76.6	120.0		175.6			250.3			355.9
CR2 (T/K)	liquid, 298 K to 400 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.122 - 3190 / (T/K)
	315.2	349.7	392.8
KAL (T/K)				408	448.8	468.8	498.4	523.4	551.2	592.9		629.8
<													-- 81 Tl --> 81 Tl thallium
use (T/K)	882	977	1097		1252			1461			1758
CRC.b (T/°C)	609	704	824		979			1188			1485
CR2	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 10.977 - 9447 / (T/K)
CR2 (T/K)	liquid, m.p. to 1100 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.265 - 9037 / (T/K)
	880.4	975.4	1093.4
KAL (T/K)				1125	1235	1290	1370	1440	1515	1630		1730
SMI.a (T/K)	liquid, 405..821 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.275 - 8920 / (T/K)
	868	962	1078
<													-- 82 Pb --> 82 Pb lead
use (T/K)	978	1088	1229		1412			1660			2027
CRC.b (T/°C)	705	815	956		1139			1387			1754
CR2	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 10.649 - 10143 / (T/K)
CR2 (T/K)	liquid, m.p. to 1200 K: log (P/Pa) = 9.917 - 9701 / (T/K)
	978.2	1087.9
KAL (T/K)				1285	1420	1485	1585	1670	1760	1905		2030
SMI.a (T/K)	liquid, 483..975 °C: log (P/Pa) = 9.815 - 9600 / (T/K)
	978	1089	1228
<													-- 83 Bi --> 83 Bi bismuth
use (T/K)	941	1041	1165		1325			1538			1835
CRC.b (T/°C)	668	768	892		1052			1265			1562
KAL (T/K)				1225	1350	1410	1505	1580	1670	1800		1920
SMI.c (T/K)	liquid, 474..934 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.265 - 9824 / (T/K)
	957	1060	1189
<													-- 84 Po --> 84 Po polonium
use (T/K)					(846)			1003			1236
CRC.d (T/°C)					573 (e)			730.2			963.3
<													-- 85 At --> 85 At astatine
use (T/K)	361	392	429		475			531			607
CRC.b (T/°C)	88 (s)	119 (s)	156 (s)		202 (s)			258 (s)			334
<													-- 86 Rn --> 86 Rn radon
use (T/K)	110	121	134		152			176			211
CRC.d (T/°C)	-163 (s)	-152 (s)	-139 (s)		-121.4 (s)			-97.6 (s)			-62.3
KAL (T/K)				139 (s)	152 (s)	158 (s)	168 (s)	176 (s)	184 (s)	198 (s)		211
<													-- 87 Fr --> 87 Fr francium
use (T/K)	(404)	(454)	(519)		(608)			(738)			(946)
CRC.b (T/°C)	131 (e)	181 (e)	246 (e)		335 (e)			465 (e)			673 (e)
<													-- 88 Ra --> 88 Ra radium
use (T/K)	819	906	1037		1209			1446			1799
CRC.b (T/°C)	546 (s)	633 (s)	764		936			1173			1526
<													-- 90 Th --> 90 Th thorium
use (T/K)	2633	2907	3248		3683			4259			5055
CRC.b (T/°C)	2360	2634	2975		3410			3986			4782
CR2	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 13.674 - 31483 / (T/K) - 0.5288 log (T/K)
CR2	liquid, m.p. to 2500 K: log (P/Pa) = -13.447 - 24569 / (T/K) + 6.6473 log (T/K)
SMI.c (T/K)	1686..2715 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.645 - 28440 / (T/K)
	2442	2672	2949
<													-- 91 Pa --> 91 Pa protactinium
CR2	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 15.558 - 34869 / (T/K) - 1.0075 log (T/K)
CR2	liquid, m.p. to 2500 K: log (P/Pa) = 11.183 - 32874 / (T/K)
<													-- 92 U --> 92 U uranium
use (T/K)	2325	2564	2859		3234			3727			4402
CRC.b (T/°C)	2052	2291	2586		2961			3454			4129
CR2	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 5.776 - 27729 / (T/K) + 2.6982 log (T/K) - 1.5471 (T/K) 10^−3
CR2 (T/K)	liquid, m.p. to 2500 K: log (P/Pa) = 25.741 - 28776 / (T/K) - 4.0962 log (T/K)
	2422.6
SMI.c (T/K)	liquid, 1461..2338 °C: log (P/Pa) = 12.005 - 25800 / (T/K)
	2149	2344	2579
<													-- 93 Np --> 93 Np neptunium
use (T/K)	2194	2437
CR2	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 24.649 - 24886 / (T/K) - 3.9991 log (T/K)
CR2 (T/K)	liquid, m.p. to 2500 K: log (P/Pa) = 15.082 - 23378 / (T/K) - 1.3250 log (T/K)
	2194.1	2436.6
<													-- 94 Pu --> 94 Pu plutonium
use (T/K)	1756	1953	2198		2511			2926			3499
CRC.b (T/°C)	1483	1680	1925		2238			2653			3226
CR2	solid, 500 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 23.864 - 18460 / (T/K) - 4.4720 log (T/K)
CR2	solid, 298 K to 600 K: log (P/Pa) = 31.166 - 19162 / (T/K) - 6.6675 log (T/K)
CR2 (T/K)	liquid, m.p. to 2450 K: log (P/Pa) = 8.672 - 16658 / (T/K)
	1920.9	2171.3
<													-- 95 Am --> 95 Am americium
use (T/K)	1239	1356
CR2 (T/K)	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 16.317 - 15059 / (T/K) - 1.3449 log (T/K)
	1238.7	1356.1
<													-- 96 Cm --> 96 Cm curium
use (T/K)	1788	1982
CR2	solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 13.375 - 20364 / (T/K) - 0.5770 log (T/K)
CR2 (T/K)	liquid, m.p. to 2200 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.229 - 18292 / (T/K)
	1788.2	1982.0

Notes

• Values are given in terms of temperature necessary to reach the specified pressure.
• Valid results within the quoted ranges from most equations are included in the table for comparison.
• A conversion factor is included into the original first coefficients of the equations to provide the pressure in pascals (CR2: 5.006, SMI: -0.875).
• Ref. SMI uses temperature scale ITS-48. No conversion was done, which should be of little consequence however.
• The temperature at standard pressure should be equal to the normal boiling point, but due to the considerable spread does not necessarily have to match values reported elsewhere.
• log refers to log base 10
• (T/K) refers to temperature in Kelvin (K)
• (P/Pa) refers to pressure in Pascal (Pa)

References

CRC.a-m

David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 6, Fluid Properties; Vapor Pressure

Uncertainties of several degrees should generally be assumed. (e) Indicates extrapolated values beyond the region of experimental data, subject to greater uncertainty. (i) Indicates values calculated from ideal gas thermodynamic functions. (s) Indicates the substance is solid at this temperature. As quoted from these sources:

• a - Lide, D.R., and Kehiaian, H.V., CRC Handbook of Thermophysical and Thermochemical Data, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 1994.

• b - Stull, D., in American Institute of Physics Handbook, Third Edition, Gray, D.E., Ed., McGraw Hill, New York, 1972.

• c - Hultgren, R., Desai, P.D., Hawkins, D.T., Gleiser, M., Kelley, K.K., and Wagman, D.D., Selected Values of Thermodynamic Properties of the Elements, American Society for Metals, Metals Park, OH, 1973.

• d - TRCVP, Vapor Pressure Database, Version 2.2P, Thermodynamic Research Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.

• e - Barin, I., Thermochemical Data of Pure Substances, VCH Publishers, New York, 1993.

• f - Ohse, R.W. Handbook of Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Alkali Metals, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1994.

• g - Gschneidner, K.A., in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 77th Edition, p. 4-112, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 1996.

• h - Leider . H.R . Krikorian . O.H . Young . D.A . Thermodynamic properties of carbon up to the critical point . Carbon . Elsevier BV . 11 . 5 . 1973 . 0008-6223 . 10.1016/0008-6223(73)90316-3 . 555–563. .

• i - Wagner, W., and de Reuck, K.M., International Thermodynamic Tables of the Fluid State, No. 9. Oxygen, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1987.

• j - Marsh, K.N., Editor, Recommended Reference Materials for the Realization of Physicochemical Properties, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1987.

• k - Alcock . C. B. . Itkin . V. P. . Horrigan . M. K. . Vapour Pressure Equations for the Metallic Elements: 298–2500K . Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly . Informa UK Limited . 23 . 3 . 1984 . 0008-4433 . 10.1179/cmq.1984.23.3.309 . 309–313. 1984CaMQ...23..309A .

• l - Stewart . Richard B. . Jacobsen . Richard T. . Thermodynamic Properties of Argon from the Triple Point to 1200 K with Pressures to 1000 MPa . Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data . AIP Publishing . 18 . 2 . 1989 . 0047-2689 . 10.1063/1.555829 . 639–798. 1989JPCRD..18..639S .

• m - S̆ifner . O. . Klomfar . J. . Thermodynamic Properties of Xenon from the Triple Point to 800 K with Pressures up to 350 MPa . Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data . AIP Publishing . 23 . 1 . 1994 . 0047-2689 . 10.1063/1.555956 . 63–152. 1994JPCRD..23...63S .

CR2

David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 4, Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds; Vapor Pressure of the Metallic Elements

The equations reproduce the observed pressures to an accuracy of ±5% or better. Coefficients from this source:

• Alcock . C. B. . Itkin . V. P. . Horrigan . M. K. . Vapour Pressure Equations for the Metallic Elements: 298–2500K . Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly . Informa UK Limited . 23 . 3 . 1984 . 0008-4433 . 10.1179/cmq.1984.23.3.309 . 309–313. 1984CaMQ...23..309A .

KAL

National Physical Laboratory, Kaye and Laby Tables of Physical and Chemical Constants; Section 3.4.4, D. Ambrose, Vapour pressures from 0.2 to 101.325 kPa. Retrieved Jan 2006.

SMI.a-s

W.E. Forsythe (ed.), Smithsonian Physical Tables 9th ed., online version (1954; Knovel 2003). Table 363, Evaporation of Metals

The equations are described as reproducing the observed pressures to a satisfactory degree of approximation. From these sources:

• a - K.K. Kelley, Bur. Mines Bull. 383, (1935).

• b - Ditchburn . R. W. . Gilmour . J. C. . The Vapor Pressures of Monatomic Vapors . Reviews of Modern Physics . American Physical Society (APS) . 13 . 4 . 1941-10-01 . 0034-6861 . 10.1103/revmodphys.13.310 . 310–327. 1941RvMP...13..310D .

• c - Brewer, The thermodynamic and physical properties of the elements, Report for the Manhattan Project, (1946).

• d - Killian . Thomas J. . Thermionic Phenomena Caused by Vapors of Rubidium and Potassium . Physical Review . American Physical Society (APS) . 27 . 5 . 1926-05-01 . 0031-899X . 10.1103/physrev.27.578 . 578–587. 1926PhRv...27..578K .

• e - Taylor . John Bradshaw . Langmuir . Irving . Vapor Pressure of Caesium by the Positive Ion Method . Physical Review . American Physical Society (APS) . 51 . 9 . 1937-05-01 . 0031-899X . 10.1103/physrev.51.753 . 753–760. 1937PhRv...51..753T .

• f - A.L. . Marshall. R.W. . Dornte. F.J. . Norton. The Vapor Pressure of Copper and Iron. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 59. 1161-1166. 1937. 7. 10.1021/ja01286a001.

• g - Schuman . Robert . Garrett . A. B. . The Vapor Pressure of Beryllium at 1170-1340K. . Journal of the American Chemical Society . American Chemical Society (ACS) . 66 . 3 . 1944 . 0002-7863 . 10.1021/ja01231a040 . 442–444. ;Schuman . Robert . Garrett . A . Correction. The Vapor Pressure of Beryllium at 1170-1340K . Journal of the American Chemical Society . American Chemical Society (ACS) . 67 . 12 . 1945 . 0002-7863 . 10.1021/ja01228a605 . 2279.

• h - Rudberg . Erik . The Vapor Pressure of Calcium between 500 and 625°C . Physical Review . American Physical Society (APS) . 46 . 9 . 1934-11-01 . 0031-899X . 10.1103/physrev.46.763 . 763–767. 1934PhRv...46..763R .

• i - van Liempt . J. A. M. . Die Dampfdrücke des Bariums . Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas . Wiley . 55 . 6 . 1936 . 0165-0513 . 10.1002/recl.19360550604 . 468–470. .

• j - Rudberg . Erik . Lempert . Joseph . The Vapor Pressure of Barium . The Journal of Chemical Physics . AIP Publishing . 3 . 10 . 1935 . 0021-9606 . 10.1063/1.1749565 . 627–631. 1935JChPh...3..627R .

• k - Int. National Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 306, (1928).

• l - Baur . Emil . Brunner . Roland . Dampfdruckmessungen an hochsiedenden Metallen . Helvetica Chimica Acta . Wiley . 17 . 1 . 1934 . 0018-019X . 10.1002/hlca.193401701120 . 958–969 . de.

• m - Anderson . J. S. . 43. The vapour pressure of metallic indium . Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed) . Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) . 1943 . 0368-1769 . 10.1039/jr9430000141 . 141.

• n - Reimann . A.L. . Grant . C. Kerr . III.Some high-temperature properties of niobium . The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science . Informa UK Limited . 22 . 145 . 1936 . 1941-5982 . 10.1080/14786443608561665 . 34–48.

• o - Langmuir . D. B. . Malter . L. . The Rate of Evaporation of Tantalum . Physical Review . American Physical Society (APS) . 55 . 8 . 1939-04-15 . 0031-899X . 10.1103/physrev.55.748 . 748–749. 1939PhRv...55..748L .

• p - Fiske . Milan D. . The Temperature Scale, Thermionics, and Thermatomics of Tantalum . Physical Review . American Physical Society (APS) . 61 . 7–8 . 1942-04-01 . 0031-899X . 10.1103/physrev.61.513 . 513–519. 1942PhRv...61..513F .

• q - Johnston . H. L. . Marshall . A. L. . Vapor Pressures of Nickel and of Nickel Oxide . Journal of the American Chemical Society . American Chemical Society (ACS) . 62 . 6 . 1940 . 0002-7863 . 10.1021/ja01863a015 . 1382–1390.

• r - Jones . Howard A. . r . Irving Langmu . Mackay . G. M. J. . The Rates of Evaporation and the Vapor Pressures of Tungsten, Molybdenum, Platinum, Nickel, Iron, Copper and Silver . Physical Review . American Physical Society (APS) . 30 . 2 . 1927-08-01 . 0031-899X . 10.1103/physrev.30.201 . 201–214. 1927PhRv...30..201J .

• s - H.A. Jones, I. Langmuir, Gen. Electric Rev., vol. 30, p. 354, (1927).