Vanadyl perchlorate explained
Vanadyl perchlorate or vanadyl triperchlorate is a golden yellow coloured liquid or crystalline compound of vanadium, oxygen and perchlorate group. The substance consists of molecules covalently bound and is quite volatile; it ignites organic solvents on contact and explodes at temperatures above 80 °C.[1]
Formation
Vanadyl perchlorate can be made by reacting vanadium pentoxide with dichlorine heptoxide at 5 °C. It is purified by distillation under a vacuum and recrystallisation at 21 °C.
A solution of vanadium(V) perchlorate can be made by dissolving vanadium pentoxide in perchloric acid.[2]
The reaction of vanadium pentoxide and dichlorine hexoxide could produce VO(ClO4)3:[3]
2 V2O5 + 12 Cl2O6 → 4 VO(ClO4)3 + 12 ClO2 + 3 O2
Properties
It can react with vanadium oxychloride to form another vanadyl perchlorate (VO2ClO4):
4 VO(ClO4)3 + 2 VOCl3 → 6 VO2ClO4 + 6 ClO2 + 3 Cl2 + 3 O2
Related
Other perchlorates include pervanadyl perchlorate, also known as dioxovanadium perchlorate, which contains VO2+ ions,[4] vanadyl diperchlorate, oxovanadium perchlorate or vanadium(IV) perchlorate, and VO(ClO4)2, which dissolves in water.[5] [6] Vanadic perchlorate, also known as vanadium(III) perchlorate solution in water, is a green-tinged blue colour, significantly different to most other V(III) solutions, which are complexed.[7]
Notes and References
- Book: Fedoroff. Basil T. Oliver E. Sheffield. Encyclopedia of Explosives and Related Items Vol 10 of 10- U to Z, Page V5. 10. 136 .
- Kustin. Kenneth. Toppen. David L.. Reduction of vanadium(V) by L-ascorbic acid. Inorganic Chemistry. June 1973. 12. 6. 1404–1407. 10.1021/ic50124a038.
- Schmeisser. Martin. Die Chemie der anorganischen Acylnitrate (ein Problem des Nitrylchlorids) und Acylperchlorate (ein Problem des Dichlorhexoxyds). Angewandte Chemie. 67. 17–18. 1955. 493–501. 0044-8249. 10.1002/ange.19550671708. 1955AngCh..67..493S.
- Ramsey. J. B.. Heldman. M. J.. Kinetics of the Trivalent Vanadium—Iodine Reaction. Journal of the American Chemical Society. July 1936. 58. 7. 1153–1157. 10.1021/ja01298a026.
- Iannuzzi. Melanie M.. Rieger. Philip H.. Nature of vanadium(IV) in basic aqueous solution. Inorganic Chemistry. December 1975. 14. 12. 2895–2899. 10.1021/ic50154a006.
- Wuethrich. K.. Connick. Robert E.. Nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation of oxygen-17 in aqueous solutions of vanadyl perchlorate and the rate of elimination of water molecules from the first coordination sphere. Inorganic Chemistry. March 1967. 6. 3. 583–590. 10.1021/ic50049a035.
- Furman. Sydney C.. Garner. Clifford S.. Absorption Spectra of Vanadium(III) and Vanadium(IV) Ions in Complexing and Non-complexing Media. Journal of the American Chemical Society. April 1950. 72. 4. 1785–1789. 10.1021/ja01160a105.
