| Valerie Hart | |
| Office: | President of the Essequibo Free State |
| Predecessor: | Position created |
| Successor: | Position dissolved |
| Term Start: | 28 December 1963 |
| Term End: | 4 February 1969 |
| Birth Name: | Valerie Paul Hart |
| Birth Date: | 13 March 1933 |
| Birth Place: | Georgetown, British Guiana |
| Death Place: | Vero Beach, Florida, U.S. |
| Occupation: | Politician |
| Spouse: | Harry Jim Hart |
| Party: | Guyana's Amerindian Party (1967–1969) |
Valerie Aurelia Hart (March 13, 1933 – February 26, 2021) was a Guyanese indigenous political leader from the Wapishana ethnic group and a member of Guyana's Amerindian Party, opposed to the Forbes Burnham government; she ran for the 1968 general elections, although she was not elected. She was exiled after participating in the Rupununi uprising.[1] [2]
See main article: Rupununi Uprising.
Being a member of Guyana's Amerindian Party along with her husband's family, she was present at the First Conference of Amerindians Leaders, named the Cabacaburi Congress, that presented several demands to the Prime Minister Forbes Burnham representing the community of around 40,000 indigenous people of the region.[3]
In the 1968 Guyanese general election, Hart ran for a seat in the National Assembly of Guyana under The United Force party.[4]
On the morning of 2 January 1969, there was a peasant uprising against the authorities of the district and took public buildings, airports, and hostages. Valerie was named First President of the Essequibo Free State that immediately requested protection from the Venezuelan government of Raúl Leoni. That night, the rebellion was violently suppressed by Guyanese Defense Forces, resulting in the destruction of several indigenous homes, around 100 fatalities and the escape of many indigenous to Brasil and Venezuela.[5]
That same night, Valerie Hart fled with her family to Ciudad Bolívar, before going to Caracas to request military aid from the Venezuelan government; according to her, her goal was, on behalf of the rebels, to create an independent region of Guyana.[6]
Valerie Hart had private meetings with Venezuelan Interior and Foreign Ministers, Reinaldo Leandro Mora and, respectively, in search of help, as well as expressing interest in requesting an interview with the President Raúl Leoni and with the winning candidate of the last elections and next president Rafael Caldera. From the interviews conducted with the Venezuelan Foreign and Interior ministers, she said that they had not made any offer, since they told her that they were very sensitive international political issues. Minutes after, questioned by journalists after leaving his office, the Minister declared that "Venezuela is not considering aiding the Guyana rebels". Interior Affairs Minister Reinaldo Leandro Mora declared that "the movement would not have failed if Venezuela had intervened". In a press conference nearby, in the Antímano Lounge of El Conde hotel, Valerie Hart declared indignate that: "I want it to be well understood that if the Venezuelan government, by pressure of the United States, does not lend any help to the Rupununi people, it would be equal to support the Burnham government".[7]
According to David Granger, “She was not an indigenous woman but a coastlander of Chinese extraction. She grew up in a village on the West Coast of Demerara with her parents and several siblings, one of whom, Mrs. Wong was visiting when the uprising began.” Hart owned a ranch at Moreru.[8]
Valerie Hart got her last name from her husband, Harry Hart, who was a pilot with whom she had five children. Hart's husband’s family moved to Guyana from North Dakota in 1914. He had six brothers, American citizens who were educated in the United States.[9] Both Valerie and her husband participated in the celebrations of the Independence of Guyana in 1966 in an aerobatic display.[10]
Hart became an Evangelical Christian later in life. She died in Vero Beach, Florida on February 26, 2021, at the age of 87.[11]