Valery Abisalovich Gergiev (Russian: Валерий Абисалович Гергиев, pronounced as /ru/; Ossetian; Ossetic: Гергиты Абисалы фырт Валери|Gergity Abisaly fyrt Valeri; born 2 May 1953) is a Russian conductor and opera company director. He is currently general director and artistic director of the Mariinsky Theatre and of the Bolshoi Theatre[1] and artistic director of the White Nights Festival in St. Petersburg. He was formerly chief conductor of the Rotterdam Philharmonic Orchestra and of the Munich Philharmonic.
Gergiev was born in Moscow. He is the son of Tamara Timofeevna (Tatarkanovna) Lagkueva and Abisal Zaurbekovich Gergiev, both of Ossetian origin.[2] He and his siblings were raised in Vladikavkaz in North Ossetia in the Caucasus. He had his first piano lessons in secondary school before going on to study at the Leningrad Conservatory from 1972 to 1977.
His principal conducting teacher was Ilya Musin. His sister, Larissa, is a pianist and director of the Mariinsky's singers' academy.[3]
In 1978, Gergiev became assistant conductor at the Kirov Opera, now the Mariinsky Opera, under Yuri Temirkanov, where he made his debut conducting Sergei Prokofiev's War and Peace. He was chief conductor of the Armenian Philharmonic Orchestra from 1981 until 1985. He became chief conductor and artistic director of the Mariinsky in 1988, and overall director of the company, appointed by the Russian government, in 1996.[4]
After the 2004 Beslan school massacre, Gergiev appealed on television for calm and against revenge. He conducted concerts to commemorate the victims of the massacre.[5]
During the 2008 South Ossetia war, Gergiev, who is of partial Ossetian heritage himself, accused the Georgian government of massacring ethnic Ossetians, triggering the conflict with Russia.[6] He came to Tskhinvali and conducted a concert near the ruined building of the South Ossetian Parliament as tribute to the victims of the war.[7]
In June 2011, Gergiev joined the International Tchaikovsky Competition and introduced reforms to the organisation.[8] On 5 May 2016, Gergiev performed at the Roman Theatre of Palmyra at a concert event called Praying for Palmyra – Music revives ancient ruins, devoted to casualties of the March 2016 Palmyra offensive.[9]
In December 2023, Gergiev was appointed artistic director of the Bolshoi Theatre, with immediate effect, with an initial contract of 5 years. Gergiev is the first person to hold the directorships of the Mariinsky Theatre and the Bolshoi Theatre simultaneously.[10]
In 1985, Gergiev made his debut in the United Kingdom, along with pianist Evgeny Kissin and violinists Maxim Vengerov and Vadim Repin at the Lichfield Festival. In 1988, Gergiev guest-conducted the London Symphony Orchestra (LSO) for the first time. In 1991, Gergiev conducted a western European opera company for the first time, leading the Bavarian State Opera in a performance of Modest Mussorgsky's Boris Godunov in Munich. In the same year, he made his American début, performing War and Peace with the San Francisco Opera. Gergiev returned to the LSO in 2004, in concerts with the seven symphonies of Sergei Prokofiev.[11] This engagement led to his appointment in 2005 as the Orchestra's fifteenth principal conductor, as of 1 January 2007, with an initial contract of 3 years.[12] [13] In April 2007, Gergiev was one of eight conductors of British orchestras to endorse the ten-year classical music outreach manifesto, "Building on Excellence: Orchestras for the 21st century", to increase the presence of classical music in the UK, including giving free entry to all British schoolchildren to a classical music concert.[14] Gergiev stood down as LSO principal conductor in 2015.
In 2015, Gergiev became chief conductor of the Munich Philharmonic,[15] [16] In March 2022, Gergiev was dismissed from Munich Philharmonic after he refused to condemn the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[17]
Gergiev has been, according to Alex Ross in The New Yorker, "a prominent supporter of the current Russian regime" of Vladimir Putin. In 2012, in a television ad for Putin's third Presidential campaign, he said: "One needs to be able to hold oneself presidentially, so that people reckon with the country. I don't know if it's fear? Respect? Reckoning."[18]
In December 2012, Gergiev sided with the Putin administration against the members of Russian band Pussy Riot and suggested that their motivation was commercial.[19]
In New York City in 2013, the LGBT activist group Queer Nation interrupted performances by orchestras conducted by Gergiev at the Metropolitan Opera[20] and Carnegie Hall.[21] The activists cited Gergiev's support for Vladimir Putin, whose government had recently enacted a law that bans the distribution of "propaganda of non-traditional sexual relations" to minors, as the reason for their actions.[21] In London, the veteran activist Peter Tatchell led anti-Gergiev demonstrations.[22] In a public statement Gergiev replied: "It is wrong to suggest that I have ever supported anti-gay legislation and in all my work I have upheld equal rights for all people. I am an artist and have for over three decades worked with tens of thousands of people and many of them are indeed my friends."[22] Writing in The Guardian, Mark Brown wrote: "Gergiev's case was not helped by comments he made to the Dutch newspaper De Volkskrant on 10 September [2013]: 'In Russia we do everything we can to protect children from paedophiles. This law is not about homosexuality, it targets paedophilia. But I have too busy a schedule to explore this matter in detail.[22] On 26 December 2013, the city of Munich made public a letter from Gergiev assuring them that he fully supports the city's anti-discrimination law and adding: "In my entire professional career as an artist, I have always and everywhere adhered to these principles and will do so in the future... All other allegations hurt me very much."[23]
In March 2014 he joined a host of other Russian arts and cultural figures in signing an open letter in support of the Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation. The letter was posted on the website of Russia's culture ministry on 12 March 2014. In the letter signatories stated that they "firmly declare our support for the position of the president of the Russian Federation" in the region.[24] [25] However, in September 2015, as he became chief conductor of the Munich Philharmonic, Gergiev said that he did not really sign the letter to Putin, but only had a phone conversation about it with Vladimir Medinsky.[26] The New York Times reported that Russian artists may have been pushed by the Russian government to endorse the annexation of Crimea. The article specifically mentioned Gergiev, who faced protests in New York City while performing.[27] After a public outcry in the country, the Ukrainian Ministry of Culture blacklisted Gergiev from performing in Ukraine.[27] [28] [29]
Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Rotterdam Philharmonic Orchestra said that it would drop Gergiev from its September festival if he did not stop supporting Putin. Milan's La Scala also sent a letter to Gergiev asking him to declare his support for a peaceful resolution in Ukraine or he would not be permitted to complete his engagement conducting Tchaikovsky's The Queen of Spades. This followed an announcement by New York City's Carnegie Hall that it had canceled two May performances by the Mariinsky Theatre Orchestra that were to be conducted by Gergiev, and the Vienna Philharmonic dropping Gergiev from a five-concert tour in the U.S. that was to start on 25 February.[30] [31] [32]
On 28 February, the Verbier Festival requested and accepted Gergiev's resignation as Music Director of the Verbier Festival Orchestra.[33] On 1 March, Munich's mayor Dieter Reiter announced the termination of Gergiev's contract as conductor of the Munich Philharmonic for failing to respond to a demand that he condemn the "brutal war of aggression that Putin is waging against Ukraine and now, in particular, against our sister city of Kyiv".[17] [34] [35] On 13 October, Gergiev was expelled from his position as a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Music for his reluctance to condemn the Russian invasion of Ukraine. [36]
In 1999, Gergiev married musician Natalya Dzebisova, herself of Ossetian descent and 27 years his junior.[37] They have three children together: two boys and a girl. From time to time, Gergiev has been reported to be a friend of Putin; they have been said to be godfathers to each other's children,[38] but in a letter to The Daily Telegraph Gergiev rejected this notion.[39] From a past relationship with the language teacher Lena Ostovich, he has another daughter, Natasha.[2]
In April 2022, the Anti-Corruption Foundation of Russian Kremlin critic Alexei Navalny released a video revealing the immense wealth of Gergiev, including various properties in Italy (among others Palazzo Barbarigo in Venice), the U.S. and Russia. A significant part of his wealth is said to stem from the inheritance of Yoko Nagae Ceschina.[40] [41] [42]
Gergiev has focused on recording Russian composers' works, both operatic and symphonic, including Mikhail Glinka, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Alexander Borodin, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Sergei Prokofiev, Dmitri Shostakovich, Igor Stravinsky and Rodion Shchedrin. Most of his recordings, on the Philips label, are with the Kirov Orchestra, but he has also recorded with the Vienna Philharmonic. Recent undertaking such as the complete Prokofiev symphonies (from the live concerts of 2004) and a Berlioz cycle, are with the London Symphony Orchestra.[43]
Gergiev's recording of Prokofiev's Romeo and Juliet with London Symphony Orchestra on LSO Live in 2010 was voted the winner of the Orchestral category and the Disc of the Year for the 2011 BBC Music Magazine Awards.[44]
| Album | Orchestra | Label | Discs | Release Year | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PROKOFIEV: Romeo and Juliet (complete ballet) | Kirov | Philips | 2 | 1991 | |
| TCHAIKOVSKY: The Sleeping Beauty (complete ballet) | Kirov | Philips | 3 | 1993 | |
| STRAVINSKY: The Firebird (L'Oiseau de feu) (complete ballet) | Kirov | Philips | 1 | 1998 | |
| TCHAIKOVSKY: The Nutcracker (complete ballet) | Kirov | Philips | 1 | 1998 | |
| STRAVINSKY: The Rite of Spring (Le sacre du printemps) (with Scriabin's The Poem of Ecstasy) | Kirov | Philips | 1 | 2001 | |
| STRAVINSKY: The Firebird (complete ballet) (+ Works by Prokofiev & Schnittke) | VPO | TDK | 1 | 2001 | |
| TCHAIKOVSKY: Swan Lake (complete ballet) (Highlights available separately) | Mariinsky | Decca | 2 | 2007 | |
| PROKOFIEV: Romeo and Juliet (complete ballet) | LSO | LSO Live | 2 | 2010 | |
| RAVEL: Daphnis et Chloé (complete ballet) (with Pavane pour une infante défunte and Boléro) | LSO | LSO Live | 1 | 2010 | |
| MELIKOV: Legend of Love | Moscow Radio Symphony Orchestra | Melodiya | 2 | 2015 |
| Album | Orchestra | Label | Discs | Release Year | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MUSSORGSKY: Khovanshchina | Kirov | Philips | 3 | 1992 | |
| TCHAIKOVSKY: Pique Dame | Kirov | Philips | 3 | 1993 | |
| PROKOFIEV: War and Peace | Kirov | Philips | 3 | 1993 | |
| RIMSKY-KORSAKOV: Sadko | Kirov | Philips | 3 | 1994 | |
| BORODIN: Prince Igor | Kirov | Philips | 3 | 1995 | |
| PROKOFIEV: The Fiery Angel | Kirov | Philips | 2 | 1995 | |
| RIMSKY-KORSAKOV: The Maid of Pskov | Kirov | Philips | 2 | 1997 | |
| VERDI: La Forza del Destino (1862 original version) | Kirov | Philips | 3 | 1997 | |
| GLINKA: Ruslan and Ludmila | Kirov | Philips | 3 | 1997 | |
| PROKOFIEV: Betrothal in a Monastery | Kirov | Philips | 3 | 1998 | |
| TCHAIKOVSKY: Mazeppa | Kirov | Philips | 3 | 1998 | |
| TCHAIKOVSKY: Iolanta | Kirov | Philips | 2 | 1998 | |
| RIMSKY-KORSAKOV: The Legend of the Invisible City of Kitezh | Kirov | Philips | 3 | 1999 | |
| RIMSKY-KORSAKOV: The Tsar's Bride | Kirov | Philips | 2 | 1999 | |
| RIMSKY-KORSAKOV: Kashchey the Immortal | Kirov | Philips | 1 | 1999 | |
| MUSSORGSKY: Boris Godunov (1869 & 1872 version) | Kirov | Philips | 5 | 1999 | |
| PROKOFIEV: The Gambler | Kirov | Philips | 2 | 1999 | |
| PROKOFIEV: Semyon Kotko | Kirov | Philips | 2 | 2000 | |
| PROKOFIEV: The Love for Three Oranges | Kirov | Philips | 2 | 2001 | |
| BARTÓK: Bluebeard's Castle | LSO | LSO Live | 1 | 2009 | |
| SHOSTAKOVICH: The Nose | Mariinsky | Mariinsky Live | 2 | 2009 | |
| STRAVINSKY: Oedipus rex (Comes with Ballet Les noces) | Mariinsky | Mariinsky Live | 1 | 2010 | |
| WAGNER: Parsifal | Mariinsky | Mariinsky Live | 4 | 2010 | |
| DONIZETTI: Lucia di Lammermoor | Mariinsky | Mariinsky Live | 2 | 2011 |
| Album | Orchestra | Label | Discs | Release Year | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BORODIN: Symphonies No. 1 & 2 | RPhO | Polygram | 1 | 1991 | |
| RACHMANINOV: Symphony No. 2 | Kirov | Philips | 1 | 1994 | |
| TCHAIKOVSKY: 1812 Overture and others | Kirov | Philips | 1 | 1994 | |
| STRAVINSKY: The Firebird – SCRIABIN: Prometheus | Kirov | Philips | 1 | 1998 | |
| TCHAIKOVSKY: Symphony No. 5 | VPO | Philips | 1 | 1999 | |
| TCHAIKOVSKY: Symphony No. 6, Francesca da Rimini, Romeo and Juliet | Kirov | Philips | 1 | 2000 | |
| RIMSKY-KORSAKOV: Scheherazade,BORODIN: In the Steppes of Central Asia,BALAKIREV: Islamey | Kirov | Philips | 1 | 2001 | |
| STRAVINSKY: The Rite of Spring – SCRIABIN: The Poem of Ecstasy | Kirov | Philips | 1 | 2001 | |
| PROKOFIEV: Symphony No.1 (+ Works by Stravinsky & Schnittke) | VPO | TDK | 1 | 2001 | |
| MUSSORGSKY: Pictures at an Exhibition | VPO | Philips | 1 | 2002 | |
| BERLIOZ: Symphonie Fantastique, La Mort de Cléopâtre (Soprano: Olga Borodina) | VPO | Philips | 1 | 2003 | |
| PROKOFIEV: Scythian Suite, Alexander Nevsky | Kirov | Philips | 1 | 2003 | |
| SHOSTAKOVICH: The War Symphonies (No. 4–9)Each one available separately | Kirov | Philips | 5 | 2005 | |
| TCHAIKOVSKY: Symphonies No. 4, 5, 6Each one available separately | VPO | Philips | 3 | 2005 | |
| PROKOFIEV: Completes Symphonies (No. 1–7) (No. 4: 1930 + 1947 Versions) | LSO | Philips | 4 | 2006 | |
| MAHLER: Symphony No. 1 | LSO | LSO Live | 1 | 2008 | |
| MAHLER:Symphony No. 3 | LSO | LSO Live | 2 | 2008 | |
| MAHLER: Symphony No. 6 | LSO | LSO Live | 1 | 2008 | |
| MAHLER: Symphony No. 7 | LSO | LSO Live | 1 | 2008 | |
| TCHAIKOVSKY: 1812 Overture, Moscow Cantata, Marche Slave, Coronation March, Danish Overture | Mariinsky | Mariinsky Live | 1 | 2009 | |
| MAHLER: Symphony Nos. 2 & 10 (Adagio) | LSO | LSO Live | 2 | 2009 | |
| SHOSTAKOVICH: Symphonies No. 1 & 15 | Mariinsky | Mariinsky Live | 1 | 2009 | |
| MAHLER: Symphony No. 8 | LSO | LSO Live | 1 | 2009 | |
| MAHLER: Symphony No. 4 | LSO | LSO Live | 1 | 2010 | |
| SHOSTAKOVICH: Symphonies No. 2 & 11 | Mariinsky | Mariinsky Live | 1 | 2010 | |
| RACHMANINOV: Symphony No. 2 | LSO | LSO Live | 1 | 2010 | |
| DEBUSSY: Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune, La Mer, Jeux | LSO | LSO Live | 1 | 2011 | |
| LISZT: Les préludes, MUSSORGSKY: Pictures at an Exhibition (Summer Night Concert Schönbrunn 2011) | VPO | DG | 1 | 2011 | |
| MAHLER: Symphony No. 5 | LSO | LSO Live | 1 | 2011 | |
| MAHLER: Symphony No. 9 | LSO | LSO Live | 1 | 2011 | |
| SHOSTAKOVICH: Symphonies No. 3 & 10 | Mariinsky | Mariinsky Live | 1 | 2011 | |
| SHOSTAKOVICH: Symphony No. 7 "Leningrad" | Mariinsky | Mariinsky Live | 1 | 2012 | |
| SHOSTAKOVICH: Symphony No. 8 | Mariinsky | Mariinsky Live | 1 | 2013 | |
| SHOSTAKOVICH: Symphonies No. 4, 5 & 6 | Mariinsky | Mariinsky Live | 2 | 2014 | |
| Berlioz: Symphonie Fantastique, Overture: Waverley | LSO | LSO Live | 1 | 2014 |
| ALBUM | SOLOIST | ORCHESTRA | LABEL | DISCS | RELEASE YEAR | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PROKOFIEV: Complete Piano Concertos (No. 1–5) | Alexander Toradze | Kirov | Philips | 2 | 1998 | |
| SCHNITTKE: Viola Concerto (+ Works by Stravinsky & Prokofiev) | Yuri Bashmet | VPO | TDK | 1 | 2001 | |
| RACHMANINOV: Piano Concerto No.2, Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini | Lang Lang | Mariinsky | DG | 1 | 2003 | |
| TCHAIKOVSKY & MIASKOVSKY: Violin Concertos | Vadim Repin | Mariinsky | Philips | 1 | 2003 | |
| BRAHMS & KORNGOLD: Violin Concertos | Nikolaj Znaider | VPO | RCA Red Seal | 1 | 2009 | |
| RACHMANINOV: Piano Concerto No.3, Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini | Denis Matsuev | Mariinsky | Mariinsky Live | 1 | 2010 | |
| TCHAIKOVSKY: Variation on a Rococo Theme, PROKOFIEV: Sinfonia Concertante | Gautier Capuçon | Mariinsky | Virgin | 1 | 2010 | |
| Lang Lang: Liszt, My Piano Hero (LISZT: Piano Concerto No. 1) | Lang Lang | VPO | Sony | 1 | 2011 | |
| Berlioz: Harold en Italie, La Mort de Cléopâtre | Antoine Tamestit, violaKaren Cargill, mezzo-soprano | LSO | LSO Live | 1 | 2014 | |
| RACHMANINOV: Piano Concerto No.3 | Behzod Abduraimov | RCO | RCO Live | 1 | 2020 |
| ALBUM | SOLOIST | ORCHESTRA | LABEL | DISCS | RELEASE YEAR | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tchaikovsky & Verdi Arias | Dmitri Hvorostovsky | Kirov | Philips | 1 | 1990 | |
| Tchaikovsky & Verdi Arias | Galina Gorchakova | Kirov | Philips | 1 | 1996 | |
| PROKOFIEV: Ivan The Terrible Cantata | RPhO | Philips | 1 | 1998 | ||
| VERDI: Requiem | Kirov | Philips | 2 | 2001 | ||
| Russian Album | Anna Netrebko | Mariinsky | DG | 1 | 2006 | |
| Homage: The Age Of The Diva | Renée Fleming | Mariinsky | Decca | 1 | 2007 | |
| Berlioz: Roméo et Juliette | Olga BorodinaKenneth Tarver | LSOLSO Chorus | LSO Live | 2 | 2016 |