| Election Name: | 1991 Valencian regional election |
| Country: | Valencian Community |
| Type: | parliamentary |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1987 Valencian regional election |
| Previous Year: | 1987 |
| Next Election: | 1995 Valencian regional election |
| Next Year: | 1995 |
| Seats For Election: | All 89 seats in the Corts Valencianes |
| Majority Seats: | 45 |
| Opinion Polls: |
|
| Registered: | 2,916,465 |
| Turnout: | 2,019,411 (69.2%) 5.3 pp |
| Election Date: | 26 May 1991 |
| Leader1: | Joan Lerma |
| Party1: | Socialist Party of the Valencian Country |
| Leader Since1: | 31 July 1979 |
| Leaders Seat1: | Valencia |
| Last Election1: | 42 seats, 41.3% |
| Seats1: | 45 |
| Seat Change1: | 3 |
| Popular Vote1: | 860,429 |
| Percentage1: | 42.8% |
| Swing1: | 1.5 pp |
| Leader2: | Pedro Agramunt |
| Party2: | People's Party of the Valencian Community |
| Leader Since2: | 15 December 1990 |
| Leaders Seat2: | Valencia |
| Last Election2: | 25 seats, 24.7% |
| Seats2: | 31 |
| Seat Change2: | 6 |
| Popular Vote2: | 558,617 |
| Percentage2: | 27.8% |
| Swing2: | 3.1 pp |
| Leader3: | Héctor Villalba |
| Party3: | Valencian Union |
| Leader Since3: | 1991 |
| Leaders Seat3: | Valencia |
| Last Election3: | 6 seats, 9.1% |
| Seats3: | 7 |
| Seat Change3: | 1 |
| Popular Vote3: | 208,126 |
| Percentage3: | 10.4% |
| Swing3: | 1.3 pp |
| Leader4: | Albert Taberner |
| Party4: | EU |
| Leader Since4: | 1986 |
| Leaders Seat4: | Valencia |
| Last Election4: | 4 seats (IU–UPV) |
| Seats4: | 6 |
| Seat Change4: | 2 |
| Popular Vote4: | 151,242 |
| Percentage4: | 7.5% |
| Swing4: | n/a |
| Leader5: | Alejandro Font de Mora |
| Party5: | Democratic and Social Centre (Spain) |
| Leader Since5: | 1991 |
| Leaders Seat5: | Castellón (lost) |
| Last Election5: | 10 seats, 11.2% |
| Seats5: | 0 |
| Seat Change5: | 10 |
| Popular Vote5: | 76,433 |
| Percentage5: | 3.8% |
| Swing5: | 7.4 pp |
| Leader6: | Pere Mayor |
| Party6: | Valencian People's Union |
| Leader Since6: | 1986 |
| Leaders Seat6: | Valencia (lost) |
| Last Election6: | 2 seats (IU–UPV) |
| Seats6: | 0 |
| Seat Change6: | 2 |
| Popular Vote6: | 73,813 |
| Percentage6: | 3.7% |
| Swing6: | n/a |
| Map Size: | 250px |
| President | |
| Before Election: | Joan Lerma |
| Before Party: | PSOE |
| After Election: | Joan Lerma |
| After Party: | PSOE |
The 1991 Valencian regional election was held on Sunday, 26 May 1991, to elect the 3rd Corts of the Valencian Community. All 89 seats in the Corts were up for election. The election was held simultaneously with regional elections in twelve other autonomous communities and local elections all throughout Spain.
For the third and final time to date, the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) won a regional election in the Valencian Community, regaining the overall majority of seats it had lost in the 1987 election. This was the last time the PSOE was able to access the Valencian government on its own, and the last until the 2015 election in which it went on to form the regional government of the Valencian Community.
As in other Spanish communities, the Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) saw a substantial drop in its vote share, causing it to fall below the 5% threshold and lose all its 10 seats. The party's poor results across Spain led to the resignation of party leader and former Prime Minister Adolfo Suárez and to the eventual demise of the CDS as a relevant actor in Spanish politics.
The main right of centre parties, both the newly founded People's Party (PP) (a merger of the People's Alliance (AP) and other right-wing parties) and the regionalist Valencian Union (UV), came out reinforced from the election, mainly at the cost of the declining CDS. However, they were left unable to command an overall majority of seats, unlike what happened in the city of Valencia in the same year's election, in which a post-election agreement between both parties managed to oust the PSOE from the city's government and elect 1987 AP regional candidate Rita Barberá as city mayor.
United Left (IU) maintained the results obtained by the IU-UPV alliance in the 1987 election. Valencian People's Unity (UPV) had broken its alliance with IU in 1988 and was left out of the Courts as a result, being unable to surpass the 5% regional threshold to win seats.
The Corts Valencianes were the devolved, unicameral legislature of the Valencian autonomous community, having legislative power in regional matters as defined by the Spanish Constitution and the Valencian Statute of Autonomy, as well as the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a regional president.[1]
Voting for the Corts was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over 18 years of age, registered in the Valencian Community and in full enjoyment of their political rights. The 89 members of the Corts Valencianes were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with a threshold of five percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied regionally. Seats were allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the provinces of Alicante, Castellón and Valencia, with each being allocated an initial minimum of 20 seats and the remaining 29 being distributed in proportion to their populations (provided that the seat-to-population ratio in any given province did not exceed three times that of any other).[1] [2]
The electoral law provided that parties, federations, coalitions and groupings of electors were allowed to present lists of candidates. However, groupings of electors were required to secure the signature of at least 1 percent of the electors registered in the constituency for which they sought election. Electors were barred from signing for more than one list of candidates. Concurrently, parties and federations intending to enter in coalition to take part jointly at an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election being called.[2] [3]
The term of the Corts Valencianes expired four years after the date of their previous election. Legal amendments earlier in 1991 established that elections to the Corts were to be fixed for the fourth Sunday of May every four years. The previous election was held on 10 June 1987, setting the election date for the Corts on Sunday, 26 May 1991.[1] [2] [3]
The Corts Valencianes could not be dissolved before the date of expiry of parliament.[1]
The table below lists voting intention estimates in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a poll. When available, seat projections determined by the polling organisations are displayed below (or in place of) the percentages in a smaller font; 45 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Corts Valencianes.
| Polling firm/Commissioner | Fieldwork date | Sample size | Turnout | LV | Lead | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 regional election | 26 May 1991 | 69.2 | 42.8 | 3.8 | 10.4 | 7.5 | 3.7 | 1.8 | 27.8 | 15.0 | ||||
| Sigma Dos/El Mundo[4] [5] | 18 May 1991 | ? | ? | 40.0 | 5.1 | 10.9 | 9.1 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 23.0 | 17.0 | |||
| Metra Seis/El Independiente | 12 May 1991 | ? | ? | 40.4 | 7.0 | 10.2 | 7.8 | 3.1 | 1.0 | 23.6 | 16.8 | |||
| Demoscopia/El País[6] [7] | 4–7 May 1991 | 650 | ? | 39.4 | 4.5 | 10.8 | 8.3 | – | 3.8 | 28.3 | 11.1 | |||
| 1989 general election | 29 Oct 1989 | 74.8 | 41.5 | 7.8 | 6.8 | 9.1 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 27.0 | 14.5 | ||||
| 1989 EP election | 15 Jun 1989 | 61.7 | 42.7 | 7.5 | 6.8 | 5.9 | 2.6 | 1.0 | 22.7 | 20.0 | ||||
| 1987 regional election | 10 Jun 1987 | 74.5 | 41.3 | 23.7 | 11.2 | 9.1 | 7.9 | 1.1 | 1.0 | – | 17.6 | |||
| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− | |||
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | 860,429 | 42.85 | +1.57 | 45 | +3 | ||
| People's Party (PP)1 | 558,617 | 27.82 | +3.11 | 31 | +6 | ||
| Valencian Union (UV) | 208,126 | 10.36 | +1.22 | 7 | +1 | ||
| United Left of the Valencian Country (EU)2 | 151,242 | 7.53 | n/a | 6 | +2 | ||
| Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) | 76,433 | 3.81 | –7.43 | 0 | –10 | ||
| Valencian People's Union (UPV)2 | 73,813 | 3.68 | n/a | 0 | –2 | ||
| The Greens (LV) | 35,375 | 1.76 | +0.65 | 0 | ±0 | ||
| The Greens of Alicante–Green Union (LVA–UVE) | 5,569 | 0.28 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| Socialist Democracy (DS) | 5,207 | 0.26 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| Cantonalist Party of the Alicantine Country (Alicantón) | 4,119 | 0.21 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| Left Platform (PCE (m–l)–CRPE)3 | 2,758 | 0.14 | –0.02 | 0 | ±0 | ||
| Valencian Nationalist Union (UNV)4 | 2,248 | 0.11 | –0.10 | 0 | ±0 | ||
| National Front (FN) | 2,184 | 0.11 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| Alliance for the Republic (AxR)5 | 1,383 | 0.07 | –0.02 | 0 | ±0 | ||
| Blank ballots | 20,606 | 1.03 | –0.04 | ||||
| Total | 2,008,109 | 89 | ±0 | ||||
| Valid votes | 2,008,109 | 99.44 | +0.56 | ||||
| Invalid votes | 11,302 | 0.56 | –0.56 | ||||
| Votes cast / turnout | 2,019,411 | 69.24 | –5.21 | ||||
| Abstentions | 897,054 | 30.76 | +5.21 | ||||
| Registered voters | 2,916,465 | ||||||
| Sources[8] [9] [10] | |||||||
| Constituency | PSOE | PP | UV | EU | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| data-sort-type="number" | % | data-sort-type="number" | S | data-sort-type="number" | % | data-sort-type="number" | S | data-sort-type="number" | % | data-sort-type="number" | S | data-sort-type="number" | % | data-sort-type="number" | S |
| Alicante | 44.6 | 16 | 33.1 | 12 | 1.7 | − | 7.3 | 2 | |||||||
| Castellón | 41.4 | 11 | 35.3 | 9 | 5.2 | 1 | 4.8 | 1 | |||||||
| Valencia | 42.2 | 18 | 23.3 | 10 | 16.3 | 6 | 8.3 | 3 | |||||||
| Total | 42.8 | 45 | 27.8 | 31 | 10.4 | 7 | 7.5 | 6 | |||||||
| Sources | |||||||||||||||
| Investiture | ||||||
| Candidate | Ballot → | 9 July 1991 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Required majority → | 45 out of 89 | |||||
| Joan Lerma (PSOE) | ||||||
| Abstentions | ||||||
| Absentees | ||||||
| Pedro Agramunt (PP) | ||||||
| Abstentions | ||||||
| Absentees | ||||||
| Héctor Villalba (UV) | ||||||
| Abstentions | ||||||
| Absentees | ||||||
| Albert Taberner (EU) | ||||||
| Abstentions | ||||||
| Absentees | ||||||
| Sources | ||||||