Vagarshak Arutyunovich Ter-Vaganyan (Armenian: Վաղարշակ Հարությունի Տեր-Վահանյան, Russian: Вагарша́к Арутю́нович Тер-Ваганя́н 1893–1936) was an Armenian Soviet Communist Party official, journalist and functionary who was one of the first victims of Joseph Stalin's Great Purge.
Ter-Vaganyan was one of sixteen Old Bolsheviks and others who stood as defendants during the Moscow Show Trials.[1] He was accused of being part of the Trotskyite-Zinovievite centre which allegedly prepared terrorist acts against Stalin, Klim Voroshilov, Andrei Zhdanov, Lazar Kaganovich, Sergo Ordzhonikidze, Stanislav Kosior, and Pavel Postyshev.[2] Under pressure, Ter-Vaganyan admitted his "guilt."[3] He was shot and his personal property was confiscated by the Soviet Union.[4] He was subsequently rehabilitated.
Vagharshak Ter-Vaganyan was born in the Armenian village of Karchevan in 1893. In 1912 he joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party and in 1917 he was appointed secretary of its Moscow Committee. In 1918-1920 Ter-Vaganyan served as a member of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Moscow Soviet, and was the editor-in-chief of the magazine “Under the Banner of Marxism.” Subsequently, at the Marx and Engels Institute, he organized and headed the so-called “Plekhanov Cabinet”.
In 1923, Ter-Vaganyan supported Leon Trotsky and signed the “Statement of the 46” on the socio-political situation in the state. Soon after this, he went to work for a light industry publishing house and also worked in A.K. Voronsky’s magazine “Krasnaya Nov”, while taking part in discussions on issues of culture and education. In 1924, Ter-Vaganyan joined the presidium of the organization that became known as the League of Militant Atheists.
In the book “On National Culture” he spoke out against the perversions of “Ukrainization”. He was expelled from the party and exiled to Kazan at the 15th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) in 1927 for belonging to the opposition, but was returned from exile and reinstated in the party in 1929, after submitting a statement of resignation from the opposition.
In 1933, Ter-Vaganyan was again expelled from the party and arrested along with a group of old Bolsheviks for participation in the opposition organization of I. N. Smirnov. While in prison, he went on hunger strikes and wrote letters of protest to Stalin. In 1934, Ter-Vaganyan was released and reinstated in the party.
In 1935 Ter-Vaganyan was expelled from the party for the third time and exiled to Kazakhstan for “anti-party activities”. In 1936, he was arrested along with Lev Kamenev, Zinoviev and other persons included in the list of those accused of espionage activities, preparing terrorist acts against the leadership of the USSR and being part of the leadership of the “united Trotskyist-Zinoviev center.”
At the end of July - beginning of August 1936, after the use of torture, Ter-Vaganyan confessed to the crimes charged against him. However, according to former intelligence officer Alexander Orlov, who was friends with investigator Boris Berman, who interrogated Ter-Vaganyan, the investigator treated Ter-Vaganyan with sincere sympathy and conducted interrogations in a correct manner. Orlov writes:
Orlov describes one incident that occurred between Ter-Vaganyan and Vyshinsky:
Ter-Vaganyan became one of the main defendants in the so-called “First Moscow Trial.” On August 24, 1936, he was sentenced to capital punishment - death by firing squad. On August 25, the sentence was carried out.
His wife, Klavdiya Vasilievna Generalova, was arrested in 1936 and remained in prison for 17 years. His brother Endzak was executed in 1937.
Ter-Vaganyan was posthumously rehabilitated in 1988.