VEX Robotics explained

VEX Robotics is a robotics program for elementary through university students and a subset of Innovation First International. The VEX Robotics competitions and programs are managed by the Robotics Education & Competition Foundation (RECF).[1] In April 2018, VEX Robotics Competition was named the largest robotics competition in the world by Guinness World Records.[2]

There are four leagues of VEX Robotics competitions designed for different age groups and skill levels:

In each of the four leagues, students are given a new challenge annually and must design, build, program, and drive a robot to complete the challenge as best as they can. The robotics teams that consistently display exceptional mastery in all of these areas will eventually progress to the VEX Robotics World Championship.

The description and rules for the season's competition are released during the world championship of the previous season. Starting in 2021, the VEX Robotics World Championship has been held in Dallas, Texas each year in mid-April or mid-May, depending on which league the teams are competing in.[8]

VEX V5

VEX V5 is a STEM learning system designed by VEX Robotics and the REC Foundation to help middle and high school students develop problem-solving and computational thinking skills.[9] It was introduced at the VEX Robotics World Championship in April 2019 as a replacement for a previous system called VEX EDR (VEX Cortex). The program utilizes the VEX V5 Construction and Control System as a standardized hardware, firmware, and software compatibility platform. Robotics teams and clubs can use the VEX V5 system to build robots to compete in the annual VEX V5 Robotics Competition.[10]

Construction and Control System

The VEX V5 Construction and Control System is a metal-based robotics platform with machinable, bolt-together pieces that can be used to construct custom robotic mechanisms. The robot is controlled by a programmable processor known as the VEX V5 Brain.[11] The Brain is equipped with a color LCD touchscreen, 21 hardware ports, an SD card port, a battery port, 8 legacy sensor ports, and a micro-USB programming port. Usage with a VEX V5 Radio enables wireless driving and wireless programming of the brain via the VEX V5 Controller. The controller allows wireless user input to the robot brain, and two controllers can be daisy-chained if necessary. Each controller has two hardware ports, a micro-USB port, two 2-axis joysticks, a monochrome LCD display, and twelve buttons. The controller's LCD can be written wirelessly from the robot, providing users with configurable feedback from the robot brain. The VEX V5 Motors connect to the brain via the hardware ports and are equipped with an internal optical shaft encoder to provide feedback on the rotational status of the motor. The motor's speed is programmable but may also be altered by exchanging the internal gear cartridge with one of three cartridges of different gear ratios. The three cartridges are 100 rpm, 200 rpm, and 600 rpm.

VEXcode V5

VEXcode V5 is a Scratch-based coding environment designed by VEX Robotics for programming VEX Robotics hardware, such as the VEX V5 Brain. The block-style interface makes programming simple for elementary through high-school students. VEXcode is consistent across VEX 123, GO, IQ, and V5 and can be used to program the devices from each. VEXcode allows the block programs to be viewed as equivalent C++ or programs to help more advanced students transition from blocks to text. This also allows easy interconversion between text-based and block-based programming.[12] VEXcode also lets students code in C++, which gives the opportunity to learn basic C++, but to collect data from sensors of to move the drivetrain, VEX uses a header file.

PROS

PROS is a C/C++ programming environment for VEX V5 hardware maintained by students of Purdue University through Purdue ACM SIGBots. It provides a more bare-bones environment for more knowledgeable students that allows for an industry-applicable experience. It has a more robust API that allows for more precise control of the hardware for competition-level uses in VRC/VEX U. It is based on FreeRTOS.[13]

VEX V5 Robotics Competition

VEX V5 Robotics Competition
Sport:Robotics-related games
Founded:Tony Norman
Bob Mimlitch
Headquarters:Greenville, Texas
Inaugural:2007
Teams:Total Registered: 20,000+
VRC: 11,400
VEXU: 300
50+ countries [14]
Champion:2024 VRC HS Worlds:World Champions:
55286A: "Makapaka"
9123C: "Shanghai RuiGuan Team 9123C"
Excellence Award:
2654P: "Pronounce This"

2024 VRC MS Worlds:World Champions:
462Z: "Wolverines"
54001B: "西安市铁一中学"
Excellence Award:
78181A: "Genesis"

Champ Season:Over Under
Website:VEX Robotics Competition
Tv:Livestream.com (2013–present)
ESPN2 (2016)
CBS Sports (2017)
YouTube (2020)
Current Season:VEX V5 Robotics Competition: High Stakes

VEX V5 Robotics Competition (V5RC) is a robotics competition for registered middle and high school teams that utilize the VEX V5 Construction and Control System.[15] In this competition, teams design, build, and program robots to compete at tournaments. At tournaments, teams participate in qualifying matches where two randomly chosen alliances of two teams each compete for the highest team ranking. Before the Elimination Rounds, the top-ranking teams choose their permanent alliance partners, starting with the highest-ranked team, and continuing until the alliance capacity for the tournament is reached. The new alliances then compete in an elimination bracket, and the tournament champions, alongside other award winners, qualify for their regional culminating event. .[16]

The current challenge is VEX V5 Robotics Competition: High Stakes.

General rules

Middle and high school students have the same game and rules. The most general and basic rules for the VEX V5 Robotics Competition are as follows, but each year may have exceptions and/or additional constraints.[17]

Previous games

Previous VEX Robotics Competition games have included, from 2024 to 2025 backwards, High Stakes, Over Under, Spin Up,[18] Tipping Point,[19] Change Up,[20] Tower Takeover,[21] Turning Point,[22] In The Zone,[23] Starstruck,[24] Nothing But Net,[25] Skyrise,[26] Toss Up,[27] Sack Attack,[28] Gateway,[29] Round Up,[30] Clean Sweep,[31] Elevation,[32] and Bridge Battle.[33]

VEX IQ Robotics Competition

VEX IQ Robotics Competition
Last Season:VIQRC Full Volume
Headquarters:Greenville, Texas
Inaugural:2012
Teams:Total Registered: 20,000+VEXIQ:8,500
50+ countries [34]
Champion:2024 VIQC MS Worlds:World Champions:
82366G: "ALCTRON VEX CLUB"
80066B: "Burning Brain"
Excellence Award:
10698D: "Red Lightning D"

2024 VIQC ES Worlds:World Champions:
252D: "Delta"
4683C: "Magikid Harvest"
Excellence Award:
6593A: "Stallionbots"

Champ Season:Full Volume
Website:VEX IQ Challenge
Tv:ESPN2 (2016)
CBS Sports (2017) YouTube (2020-2021)
Current Season:VIQRC Rapid Relay

The VEX IQ Robotics Competition, presented by the Robotics Education & Competition Foundation, provides elementary and middle school students with exciting, open-ended robotics and research project challenges that enhance their science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) skills through hands-on, student-centered learning. A VEX IQ Robotics set is used, with plastic pieces that snap together using pegs, and it is extremely easy to construct a robot. The students use a graphical software to program the robot. There are two parts to the contests: Robot Skills, which is a single robot trying to score as many points as possible, and the Teamwork Challenge, where two robots attempt to work together to complete the same task.[35]

Current Game: Rapid Relay

2024-25

VEX IQ Robotics Competition Full Volume is played on a 6’ x 8’ rectangular field configured as seen above. Two robots compete in the Teamwork Challenge as an alliance in 60-second-long teamwork matches, working collaboratively to score points.

VIQC Rapid Relay Scoring
Action Points
Ball into any goal 1 point
Switch flipped 1 point
Ball passed from one robot to the other 4 points per switch flipped

Previous games

2023-2024: Full Volume

Vex IQ Competition Full Volume is played on a six-foot by eight-foot rectangular field. Two robots compete in the Teamwork Challenge as an alliance in 60-second-long teamwork matches, working together to score points.

Teams also compete in Skills Challenges, where one team tries to score as many points as possible. These matches consist of Driving Skills, where the robots is operated entirely by humans, and Programming Skills, where the robot acts autonomously.

The object of the game is to score different sized blocks into one of three goals. The more blocks in a goal, the more points. As well as that, if all the blocks in a goal are the same color (size), then the team(s) get a uniform goal bonus. Teams can get blocks from the supply zone, or get blocks located at specific positions on the field. Teams can also get points for knocking the red blocks off the starting pegs. Teams get points for partial-parking (having part of your robot located in the supply zone at the end of the 60 seconds), or full parking (having all of your robot located inside the supply zone at the end of the 60 seconds).

Each Block Scored in a Goal
1 point
Height Bonus10 points per fill level
Each Uniform Goal10 points
Cleared Supply Zone20 points
Each Red Block Removed from Starting Peg5 points
Each Partially Parked Robot5 points
Each Full Parked Robot10 points
Double Parked Bonus10 points

2022-2023: Slapshot

VEX IQ Competition Slapshot is played on a six-foot by eight-foot rectangular field. Two robots compete in the Teamwork Challenge as an alliance in 60-second-long teamwork matches, working collaboratively to score points.

Teams also compete in the Robot Skills Challenge, where one robot takes the field to score as many points as possible. These matches consist of Driving Skills Matches, which will be entirely driver-controlled, and Programming Skills Matches, which will be autonomous with limited human interaction.

Disc Scored in Purple Zone
2 points
Disc Scored in Blue Zone3 points
Disc Scored in Green Zone4 points
Disc Scored in Yellow Zone1 point
Disc Removed from Dispenser1 point
Contact Bonus1 extra point per disk in the Goal Zone
The scoring objects in VEX IQ Competition Slapshot are 2.5" (6.35 cm) diameter Discs. There are a total of (45) Discs on the field. The object of the game is to score as many points as possible with an alliance partner by scoring Discs in Goal Zones, removing Discs, and touching Contact Zones at the end of the Match.

2021-2022: Pitching In

Ball Scored in Low Goal
2 points
Ball Scored in high goal6 points
Starting Corral Cleared of all Balls5 points
Low Hanging Robot at end of Match6 points
High Hanging Robot at end of Match10 points
VEX IQ Challenge Pitching In is played on a six-foot by eight-foot rectangular field. Two robots compete in the teamwork challenge as an alliance in one-minute-long teamwork matches and a 15-second period of autonomous working collaboratively to score points. Teams also compete in the robot skills challenge, where one robot attempts to score as many points as possible. These matches consist of driving skills matches, which will be entirely driver-controlled, and programming skills matches, which will be autonomous with limited human interaction.

The object of the game is to attain the highest score by scoring balls in either a low-scoring goal or a high-scoring goal in the center of the field. Additional points are scored by clearing the starting corrals of all balls and by parking via hanging on either a low or high bar on either side of the field.

2020–21: Rise Above

Base riser
1 point
Stacked riser 1 point
3 points
30 points
VEX IQ Challenge Rise Above is played on a six-foot by eight-foot rectangular field. Two robots compete in the teamwork challenge as an alliance in one-minute-long teamwork matches, working collaboratively to score points. Teams also compete in the robot skills challenge, where one robot attempts to score as many points as possible. These matches consist of driving skills matches, which will be entirely driver-controlled, and programming skills matches, which will be autonomous with limited human interaction.

The object of the game is to attain the highest score by scoring risers in the goal. There are a total of 27 risers, nine for each color (orange, purple, and teal).

2019–20: Squared Away

Each ball scored in a cube
1 point
Each ball scored on a cube2 points
Each blue and red cube placed in their respective corner goals10 points
Each green cube placed on a platform20 points
VEX IQ Challenge Squared Away is played on a four-foot by eight-foot rectangular field. The scoring objects in are three-inch diameter balls and seven-inch cubes. There are a total of 35 balls and seven cubes on the field. The object of the game is to score as many points as possible with an alliance partner in one of two ways: by scoring balls in or on cubes and by moving cubes to their respective scoring zones.[36]

2018–19: Next Level

Each Low Scored Hub
1 point
Each High Scored Hub2 points
Each Bonus Hub removed from the Hanging Structure1 point
Each Low Scored Bonus Hub2 points
Each High Scored Bonus Hub4 points
Each robot Parked underneath Hanging Structure1 point
Each Low Hanging Robot2 points
Each High Hanging Robot4 points
VEX IQ Challenge Next Level is played on a four-foot by eight-foot rectangular field. The object of the game is to attain the highest score by scoring and stacking colored hubs in building zones, removing bonus hubs from the hanging structure, and by parking or hanging on the hanging bar.[37] There are two building zones in the corners of the field. In the middle, there is one hanging structure. There are a total of fifteen hubs, plus two bonus hubs available to be scored in the building zones and one parking zone in the middle of the field.

2017–18: Ringmaster

Each Emptied Starting Peg
5 points
Each Ring scored in the low-scoring goal1 point
Each Ring scored on a Scoring Post5 points
Each Ring scored on a Uniform Scoring Post (All the same color)10 points
Bonus Tray Emptied20 points
VEX IQ Challenge Ringmaster is played on a four-foot by eight-foot rectangular field. The object of the game is to attain the highest score by scoring colored rings on the floor goal and on posts, by having uniform posts, by emptying starting pegs, and by releasing the bonus tray.[38] There are a total of 28 hexballs available as scoring objects in the game. There are two scoring zones, sixteen low goals, twelve elevated goals, and one bridge on the field.

2016–17: Crossover

Each Hexball Scored in the Scoring Zone
1 point
Each Hexball Scored in the Low Goal3 points
Each Hexball Scored in the Elevated Goal5 points
Having One Robot Parked on the Bridge5 points
Having Two Robots Parked on the Bridge15 points
Having All Robots Parked on a Balanced Bridge25 points
VEX IQ Challenge Crossover is played on a four-foot by eight-foot rectangular field. The object of the game is to attain the highest score by scoring hexballs in their colored scoring zone and goals, and by parking and balancing robots on the bridge.[39] There are a total of 28 hexballs available as scoring objects in the game. There are two scoring zones, sixteen low goals, twelve elevated goals, and one bridge on the field.

2015–16: Bank Shot

Each Ball Scored in the Scoring Zone
1 point
Each Emptied Cutout1 point
Each Ball Scored in the Goal3 points
Having One Robot Parked on the Ramp10 points
Having Two Robots Parked on the Ramp25 points
VEX IQ Challenge Bank Shot is played on a four-foot by eight-foot rectangular field. The object of the game is to attain the highest score by emptying cutouts, scoring balls into the scoring zone and goals, and by parking robots on the ramp.[40] There are a total of 44 balls available as scoring objects in the game. There is one scoring zone, one goal, one ramp, and sixteen cutouts on the field.

2014–15: Highrise

Each Cube Scored in the Scoring Zone
A point value equal to the Highrise Height of the same color as the

Cube (i.e., if a team builds a Highrise of 3 red Scoring Cubes on the

Highrise Base, a red cube in the Scoring Zone is worth 3 points.)

VEX IQ Challenge Highrise is played on a four-foot by eight-foot rectangular field. The object of the game is to attain the highest possible score by scoring cubes in the scoring zone and by building highrises of cubes of the same color on the highrise bases.[41] There are a total of 36 cubes, twelve of each of three colors, available as scoring objects in the game. There is one scoring zone and three highrise bases on the field. Each robot begins a match on one of two starting positions and must occupy a space of less than 13 by 19 by 15 inches.

2013–14: Add It Up

A Small BuckyBall Scored in the Floor Goal
1 point
A Small BuckyBall Scored in the Low Goal 2 points
A Small BuckyBall Scored in the High Goal 3 points
A Large BuckyBall Scored in the Floor Goal3 points
A Large BuckyBall Scored in the Low Goal5 points
A Scoring Ring that is Filled5 points
A Large BuckyBall Scored in the High Goal8 points
A Robot that is Hanging at the end of the match8 points
VEX IQ Challenge Add It Up is played on a four-foot by eight-foot rectangular field. The object of the game is to attain the highest possible alliance score by scoring small and large BuckyBalls into the floor, low and high goals, filling scoring rings, and having robots hang from the hanging bar at the end of the match.[42] There are a total of 36 small BuckyBalls and four large BuckyBalls available as scoring objects in the game. There are four floor goals, two low goals, two high goals, and four scoring rings, as well as a hanging bar.

2012–13: Rings-N-Things

A Ball Scored in a Low Goal
1 alliance point
A Ball Scored in a High Goal3 alliance points
A Ball Scored in a Scoring Ring2 alliance points; 1 individual point
A Robot that is parked at the end of match2 alliance points
A Second Robot parked at the end of match3 alliance points
VEX IQ Challenge Rings-N-Things was the Pilot Program for the VEX IQ Challenge robotics competition program, which launched in April 2012.[43] The game is played on a four-foot by eight-foot field, surrounded by a 3.5-inch tall perimeter. There are four goals and eight rings into which teams can score 36 balls. The field is divided by the ramp.

VEX U

The VEX U level competition is a robotics competition for college and university students that uses the VEX Robotics hardware and V5 electronics. The rules are nearly identical for this competition as for the VEX Robotics Competition, but VEX U teams are allowed to take advantage of more customization and greater flexibility than other levels (teams are granted the ability to use 3D printers and use raw materials such as sheet metal and wood). This allows VEX U teams to have more customization on their robots and construct mechanisms that cannot be created solely via the VEX Robotics hardware. Also, their robot creation is limited by the need to find effective costs and a restricted development environment in order to model a real-world situation. Additionally, rather than being limited to a robot size of an 18-inch cube, VEX U contestants had the freedom to use up to a 24-inch cube of space for their larger robot and up to a 15-inch cube for their smaller robot (thus, each team builds 2 robots, and competes against another team's two robots).[44]

The VEX U competition, although very similar to the VEX Robotics Competition, has some distinct rules. The autonomous period of VEX U competitions is also longer, lasting forty-five seconds versus the fifteen for the VEX Robotics Competition. As a result, the driver control period is shortened to a period of seventy-five seconds immediately after the autonomous period has been scored, and the autonomous bonus has been awarded to the correct alliance to keep matches at a length of two minutes.

VEX AI

On April 25, 2020, VEX Robotics and the REC Foundation announced a new platform of competitions, the VEX AI Competition. The new platforms will use the VEX V5 Construction and Control System, and registration will be available to high school and college teams.[45] [46]

The competition is fully autonomous and will use an array of new sensors, including the VEX Game Positioning System (VEX GPS); VEX AI microprocessor; VEX AI Vision Sensor with depth perception; VEX LINK, a wireless robot-to-robot communications interface; and the VEX Sensor Fusion Map, a new multi-sensor integration technology which uses sensory data from the robots to render the course in real-time 3D. Each team will build and program two robots. Teams will be able to 3D print and machine parts, use custom electronics, and utilize an unlimited quantity of motors.[47]

The pilot program is scheduled to open for registration to university students in the fall of 2020. After registration begins, any high school teams that wish to participate must apply for program admission. Unlike university participants, only those high school teams that show exceptional preparedness for this level of advanced competition will be allowed to compete. VEX AI robotics teams will be able to compete in the VEX AI Competition. Unlike VEX U, this competition will be completely separate from the VRC Competition.

VEX Robotics World Championship

The VEX Robotics World Championship brings together qualifying teams from the two VEX Robotics programs: the VEX IQ Challenge, VEX Robotics Competition, with the VEX AI Competition bringing the number to three in 2022. The championship is an international celebration of the robotics community and a final tournament to crown the VEX World Champions in each league. The 2021–24 championships are scheduled to be held in Dallas, Texas.

A one-hour special version of the 2016 VEX Robotics World Championship aired on ESPN2 in June 2016.[48] CBS aired a one-hour special version of the 2017 VEX Robotics World Championship on June 11.[49]

During the VEX Robotics World Championship, a "Parade of Nations" is held and includes hundreds of students, often dressed in costumes, from more than thirty countries.[50]

The 2020 VEX Robotics World Championship was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[51] On March 30, 2020, VEX Robotics and the REC Foundation announced they would host the first-ever VEX Robotics Virtual World Celebration on April 25, 2020. The event celebrated the accomplishments of all teams and revealed the 2020–21 VEX Robotics Competition and VEX IQ Challenge.[52] During this event, VEX Robotics and the REC Foundation also hosted a Fantasy Robotics simulation for all levels in the VEX Robotics Program, using statistics from state and qualifying tournaments.[53] On January 20, 2021, the REC Foundation along with VEX Robotics announced that due to the COVID-19 pandemic the 2021 VEX World Championships would be modified to an online fully remote tournament and would also include remote skills matches.[54]

VEX Robotics World Championship Venues!Venue!Location!Years
California State University, NorthridgeNorthridge, California2008
Dallas Convention CenterDallas, Texas2009–10
ESPN Wide World of Sports ComplexKissimmee, Florida2011
Anaheim Convention CenterAnaheim, California2012–14
Kentucky Exposition Center and Freedom HallLouisville, Kentucky2015–19
2020
VEX Robotics HeadquartersGreenville, Texas2020
Kay Bailey Hutchison Convention CenterDallas, Texas2022–24
2021

Role in pedagogy

VEX Robotics competitions have been of interest to educators as a way of stimulating students' interest in hands-on learning, engineering, and computer programming. The Department of Engineering and Technology Education at Utah State University has created a Design Academy with a curriculum for teaching skills through participation in a VEX Robotics Competition.[55] In addition, VEX Robotics provides two other programs aiming to introduce these skills at an early age in the classroom: VEX 123, and VEX Go.

VEX 123

VEX 123 is a VEX Robotics program aimed to introduce basic turtle-style programming to young students in kindergarten through second grade. It uses a small round robot with a front, wheels, and an audio speaker (the '123 Robot'), which is programmed to drive around a plastic course using either a handheld wireless programming module (the 'Coder') or a mobile device (not included) with Scratch-based programming software. The course is modular and can be built differently to present different programming challenges. VEX provides multiple pre-prepared STEM Labs designed for different classroom settings, such as language arts and mathematics. The VEX 123 STEM Labs are "designed to provoke STEM thinking and spark creative problem-solving ideas."[56]

VEX GO

VEX GO is a robotics program that introduces robotics to students in third grade and upwards. GO is designed to be an affordable construction system for teaching the fundamentals of STEM through engaging, collaborative, and hands-on activities that help young students learn coding and engineering concepts.[57]

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Home. REC Foundation. July 7, 2019.
  2. Web site: Over 30,000 students help to break the record for largest robot competition. Stephenson. Kristen. May 16, 2018. guinnessworldrecords. July 7, 2019.
  3. Web site: Robotica educativa e Coding: Kit di robotica avanzata VEX V5 per didattica STEM. 2021-10-05. www.siadsrl.net.
  4. Web site: Robotica educativa e Coding: Robot educativo per didattica STEAM e coding. 2021-10-05. www.siadsrl.net.
  5. Web site: VEX AI Competition - Competition - V5 - VEX Robotics. October 31, 2020. VEX Robotics.
  6. Web site: Beem . Michael . May 2023 . Is VEX AI still a thing? . February 16, 2024 . VEX Forum.
  7. Web site: VEX U . 2024-02-16 . REC Foundation . en-US.
  8. Web site: VEX Robotics World Championship. roboticseducation.org. July 31, 2019.
  9. Web site: V5 - VEX Robotics. November 7, 2020. VEX Robotics.
  10. Web site: Coding and Computational Thinking with VEX V5 . Carnegie Mellon Robotics Academy . February 1, 2023.
  11. Book: Vallenzuela, Jorge . Rev Up Robotics . International Society for Technology in Education . 2020 . 9781564848154 . 52.
  12. Web site: VEXcode Overview . November 7, 2020 . VEX Robotics.
  13. Web site: PROS . 2022-08-23 . pros.cs.purdue.edu.
  14. Web site: VEX Robotics VRC Team List. VRC. May 24, 2018.
  15. Web site: V5 - VEX Robotics. November 6, 2020. VEX Robotics.
  16. Web site: Competition Overview - Competition - V5 - VEX Robotics. VEX Robotics. October 31, 2020.
  17. Web site: VEX Current Game Manual . 29 February 2024.
  18. Web site: VRC History: 2022-2023 Spin Up . 29 February 2024 . REC Foundation.
  19. Web site: VRC History: 2021-2022 Tipping Point . 29 February 2024 . REC Foundation.
  20. Web site: VRC History: 2020-2021 Change Up . 29 February 2024 . REC Foundation . en-US.
  21. Web site: VRC History: 2019-2020 Tower Takeover . 29 February 2024 . REC Foundation . en-US.
  22. Web site: VRC History: 2018-2019 Turning Point . February 29, 2024 . REC Foundation . en-US.
  23. Web site: VRC History: 2017-2018 In the Zone . February 29, 2024 . REC Foundation . en-US.
  24. Web site: VRC History: 2016-2017 Starstruck . 20 February 2024 . REC Foundation . en-US.
  25. Web site: VRC History: 2015-2016 Nothing But Net . 29 February 2024 . REC Foundation . en-US.
  26. Web site: VRC History: 2014-2015 Skyrise . 29 February 2024 . REC Foundation . en-US.
  27. Web site: VRC History: 2013-2014 Toss Up . 29 February 2024 . REC Foundation . en-US.
  28. Web site: VRC History: 2012-2013 Sack Attack . 29 February 2024 . REC Foundation . en-US.
  29. Web site: VRC History: 2011-2012 Gateway . 29 February 2024 . REC Foundation . en-US.
  30. Web site: VRC History: 2010-2011 Round Up . 29 February 2024 . REC Foundation . en-US.
  31. Web site: VRC History: 2009-2010 Clean Sweep . 29 February 2024 . REC Foundation . en-US.
  32. Web site: VRC History: 2008-2009 Elevation . 29 February 2024 . REC Foundation . en-US.
  33. Web site: VRC History: 2007-2008 Bridge Battle . 29 February 2024 . REC Foundation . en-US.
  34. Web site: VEX Robotics VRC Team List. VRC. May 24, 2018.
  35. Web site: VEX IQ. April 17, 2017.
  36. Web site: VIQC Squared Away (2019-2020). November 2, 2020. REC Foundation.
  37. Web site: VEX IQ Challenge History - 2018-2019 - Next Level. November 2, 2020. REC Foundation.
  38. Web site: VEX IQ Challenge History - 2017-2018 - Ringmaster. November 2, 2020. REC Foundation.
  39. Web site: VEX IQ Challenge History - 2016-2017 - Crossover. November 2, 2020. REC Foundation.
  40. Web site: VEX IQ Challenge History - 2015-2016 - Bank Shot. November 2, 2020. REC Foundation.
  41. Web site: VEX IQ Challenge History - 2014-2015 - Highrise. November 2, 2020. REC Foundation.
  42. Web site: VEX IQ Challenge History - 2013-2014 - Add it Up. November 2, 2020. REC Foundation.
  43. Web site: VEX IQ Challenge History - 2012-2013 - Rings N Things. November 2, 2020. REC Foundation.
  44. Web site: VEXU. April 17, 2017.
  45. Web site: VEX Robotics. April 25, 2020. The most advanced technology in competitive robotics today.. April 26, 2020. vexrobotics.
  46. Web site: Campanelli . Candace . April 30, 2020. VEX Reveals "The most advanced technology in competitive robotics today": VEX AI Competition . February 2, 2023. NASA Robotics Alliance Project.
  47. Web site: VEX AI Competition. November 2, 2020. VEX Robotics.
  48. News: Robotics program transforms Galveston team into world champs. July 19, 2016. USA TODAY High School Sports. November 16, 2017. en-US.
  49. News: Homeschooled students compete in world robotics competition. Midland Reporter-Telegram. November 16, 2017.
  50. News: How the 'Olympics of Robotics' shines a spotlight on girls and minorities in science. TechRepublic. December 21, 2017. en.
  51. Web site: 2020 VEX Robotics World Championship Canceled. . March 12, 2020 . Robotics Education & Competition (REC) Foundation. March 13, 2020.
  52. Web site: 2020 VEX Robotics Virtual World Celebration. . March 30, 2020 . Robotics Education & Competition (REC) Foundation. April 3, 2020.
  53. Web site: 2020 VEX Robotics Virtual World Celebration. . April 6, 2020 . Robotics Education & Competition (REC) Foundation. April 6, 2020.
  54. News: VEX Robotics World Championship 2021. Rec Foundation.
  55. Exciting students through VEX Robotic Competitions . Robinson . Trevor P. . Stewardson . Gary A. . October 2012 . Technology and Engineering Teacher . 72 . 2 . 15–21.
  56. Web site: 123 - VEX Robotics. November 5, 2020. VEX Robotics.
  57. Web site: VEX GO Robotics Construction Kit for Primary School . February 2, 2023. nooby.tech .

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