Vidhan Bhavan, Lucknow Explained

Uttar Pradesh Legislature Building
Alternate Names:Council House (Né)
Vidhan Sabha Bhavan
Assembly House
Etymology:Vidhan Sabha of UP
Status:Complete
Building Type:Legislature Building
Architectural Style:Indo-European architecture
Address:Vidhan Sabha Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh – 226 001
Location City:Lucknow
Location Country: India
Coordinates:26.8706°N 80.9653°W
Altitude:114 meters
Current Tenants:Uttar Pradesh Legislature
Groundbreaking Date:15 December 1922
Start Date:15 December 1922
Inauguration Date:21 February 1928
Destruction Date:-->
Cost:
(in 1922)
Owner:Uttar Pradesh Government
Material:Sandstone
Architect:Samuel Swinton Jacob
and Heera Singh
Quantity Surveyor:Harcourt Butler
Main Contractor:Messrs Martin and Co
Ren Architect:A.L. Mortimer
Ren Firm:Messrs Ford and Macdonald
Seating Capacity:550
(Legislative Assembly chamber: 450
Legislative Council chamber: 100)
Unit Count:-->
Public Transit: Secretariat Metro Station

Located in Lucknow, the Vidhan Bhavan is the seat of the bicameral legislature of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The lower house is the Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) and the upper house the Vidhan Parishad (Legislative Council). The Vidhan Sabha had 431 members until 1967, but now comprises 403 directly elected members and one nominated member from the Anglo-Indian community. The Vidhan Parishad has 100 members.

Built in 1928, the building was originally called the "Council House". It has been home to the legislature since 1937, along with housing other important offices of government.[1] [2] [3]

History

In the early 20th century, the capital of what is now the state of Uttar Pradesh was Allahabad; a decision was taken in 1922 to move the capital to Lucknow and to construct a building there to house the Assembly Constituency. On 15 December 1922, then Governor of Uttar Pradesh, Spencer Harcourt Butler, laid the foundation of the Vidhan Bhavan.[4] The building was designed by Samuel Swinton Jacob and Heera Singh; Singh also drew up the blueprint of the building. Butler subsequently monitored the construction of the building.[5] The building was completed in little over five years at a cost of (1922 cost not adjusted for inflation) and was inaugurated on 21 February 1928.[5] [4] [1]

Building

Construction of Vidhan Bhavan started 15 December 1922 and took little over five years to complete. The building is made of carved light brown sandstone from Mirzapur. Many of the inside halls, galleries and verandas are built of marble from Agra and Jaipur. Circular marble staircases run on both sides of the entrance hall and the walls of the staircases are embellished with paintings. The main chamber of the building is octagonal in shape with a domed roof. A separate chamber for the upper house was constructed between 1935 and 1937. The buildings of both houses are connected by veranda with offices on both sides.[5] [1]

Composition

Articles 168 to 212 in Part VI of the constitution of India deal with the organisation, composition, duration, officers, procedures, privileges, powers and so on of the state legislature. The Uttar Pradesh Legislature (Vidhan Bhavan) consists of two houses called the Vidhan Sabha and the Vidhan Parishad with the governor of Uttar Pradesh acting as their head.

Governor of Uttar Pradesh

See main article: List of governors of Uttar Pradesh and Governor of Uttar Pradesh.

Articles 153 to 167 in Part VI of the constitution of India deal with the state executive. The state executive consists of the governor, the chief minister, council of ministers and the advocate general of the state. The governor is the chief executive head of the state. The governor also acts as the agent of the center.

Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha)

The Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly is the lower house of the bicameral legislature. It has a total of 403 members excluding one Anglo-Indian member who is nominated by the governor. Till 1967, it had a strength of 431 members, including one nominated Anglo-Indian member. According to the recommendation of the Delimitation Commission, which is appointed after every Census, it was revised to 426. After reorganisation of the state on 9 November 2000, the strength of the Legislative Assembly has become 404 including one nominated member to represent the Anglo-Indian community. The term of the Vidhan Sabha is five years unless dissolved earlier. The election is held on the principle of "one adult one vote".

Terms

Every five years new election is done. And new assembly is elected by the people of Uttar Pradesh.

Terms Since 1952!Vidhan Sabha!Constitution!Dissolution!Days
1st20 May 195231 March 19571,776
2nd1 April 19576 March 19621,800
3rd7 March 19629 March 19671,828
4th10 March 196715 April 1968402
5th26 February 19694 March 19741,832
6th4 March 197430 April 19771,153
7th23 June 197717 February 1980969
8th9 June 198010 March 19851,735
9th10 March 198529 November 19891,725
10th2 December 19894 April 1991488
11th22 June 19916 December 1992533
12th4 December 199328 October 1995693
13th17 October 19967 March 20021,967
14th26 February 200213 May 20071,902
15th13 May 20079 March 20121,762
16th8 March 201211 March 20171,829
17th12 March 201728 March 20221,842
18th29 March 2022Ongoing

Constituencies

There are total 403 constituencies given below in the table.

403 Constituencies of UP Legislative Assembly
Agra Cantt. (SC)
Agra North
Agra Rural (SC)
Agra South
Ajagara (SC)
Akbarpur
Akbarpur
Alapur (SC)
Aliganj
Aligarh
Allahabad North
Allahabad South
Allahabad West
Amanpur
Amethi
Amritpur
Amroha
Anupshahr
Aonla
Arya Nagar
Asmoli
Atrauli
Atrauliya
Aurai (SC)
Auraiya
Ayah Shah
Ayodhya
Azamgarh
Babaganj (SC)
Baberu
Babina
Bachhrawan (SC)
Badaun
Badlapur
Baghpat
Bah
Baheri
Bahraich
Bairia
Bakshi Kaa Talab
Balamau (SC)
Baldev (SC)
Balha (SC)
Ballia Nagar
Balrampur (SC)
Banda
Bangermau
Bansdih
Bansgaon (SC)
Bansi
Bara (SC)
Barabanki
Barauli
Baraut
Bareilly
Bareilly Cantt
Barhaj
Barhapur
Barkhera
Basti Sadar
Behat
Belthara Road (SC)
Bhadohi
Bhagwantnagar
Bharthana (SC)
Bhatpar Rani
Bhinga
Bhognipur
Bhojipura
Bhojpur
Bhongaon
Bidhuna
Bijnor
Bikapur
Bilari
Bilaspur
Bilgram
Bilhaur (SC)
Bilsi
Bindki
Bisalpur
Bisauli (SC)
Biswan
Bithari Chainpur
Bithoor (SC)
Budhana
Bulandshahr
Caimpiyarganj
Chail
Chakia (SC)
Chamraua
Chandausi (SC)
Chandpur
Charkhari
Charthawal
Chauri
Chhanbey (SC)
Chhaprauli
Chharra
Chhata
Chhibramau
Chillupar
Chitrakoot
Chunar
Colonelganj
Dadraul
Dadri
Dariyabad
Dataganj
Debai
Deoband
Deoria
Dhampur
Dhanaura (SC)
Dhanghata (SC)
DHAURAHRA
Dholana
Dibiyapur
Didarganj
Doomariyaganj
Duddhi (SC)
Etah
Etawah
Etmadpur
Faridpur (SC)
Farrukhabad
Fatehabad
Fatehpur
Fatehpur Sikri
Fazilnagar
Firozabad
Gainsari
Gangoh
Garautha
Garhmukteshwar
Gaura
Gauriganj
Ghatampur (SC)
Ghaziabad
Ghazipur
Ghorawal
Ghosi
GOLA GOKRANNA
Gonda
Gopalpur
Gopamau (SC)
Gorakhpur Rural
Gorakhpur Urban
Goshainganj
Goverdhan
Govindnagar
Gunnaur
Gyanpur
Haidergarh (SC)
Hamirpur
Handia
Hapur (SC)
Harchandpur
Hardoi
Hargaon (SC)
Harraiya
Hasanpur
Hastinapur (SC)
Hata
Hathras (SC)
Husainganj
Iglas (SC)
Isauli
Itwa
Jagdishpur (SC)
Jahanabad
Jakhanian (SC)
Jalalabad
Jalalpur
Jalesar (SC)
Jangipur
Jasrana
Jaswantnagar
Jaunpur
Jewar
Jhansi Nagar
Kadipur (SC)
Kaimganj
Kairana
Kaiserganj
Kalpi
Kalyanpur
Kannauj (SC)
Kanpur Cantt.
Kanth
Kapilvastu (SC)
Kaptanganj
Karachhana
Karhal
Kasganj
KASTA (SC)
Katehari
Katra
Katra Bazar
Kerakat S.C. (SC)
Khadda
Khaga
Khair (SC)
Khajani (SC)
Khalilabad
Khatauli
Kheragarh
Khurja (SC)
KIDWAI NAGAR
Kishani (SC)
Kithore
Koil
Koraon (SC)
Kunda
Kundarki
Kursi
Kushinagar
Laharpur
LAKHIMPUR
Lalganj (SC)
Lalitpur
Lambhua
Loni
Lucknow Cantt.
Lucknow Central
Lucknow East
Lucknow North
Lucknow West
Machhlishahr S.C.
Madhaugarh
Madhuban
Mahadewa
Maharajganj (SC)
Maharajpur
Mahasi
Mahmoodabad
Mahoba
Maholi
Mainpuri
Majhawan
Malhani
Malihabad (SC)
Manikpur
Manjhanpur (SC)
Mankapur (SC)
Mant
Marhara
Marihan
Mariyahu
Matera
Mathura
Mau
Mauranipur (SC)
Meerapur
Meerganj
Meerut
Meerut Cantt.
Meerut South
Mehnagar (SC)
Mehnaun
Mehroni (SC)
Meja
Menhdawal
Milak (SC)
Milkipur (SC)
Mirzapur
Misrikh (SC)
Modi Nagar
Mohammadabad
MOHAMMDI
Mohan
Mohanlalganj (SC)
Moradabad Nagar
Moradabad Rural
Mubarakpur
Mughalsarai
Muhammadabad
Mungra Badshahpu
Muradnagar
Muzaffar Nagar
Nagina (SC)
Najibabad
Nakur
Nanpara
Naraini (SC)
Naugawan Sadat
Nautanwa
Nawabganj
Nehtaur (SC)
NIGHASAN
Nizamabad
Noida
Noorpur
Obra
Orai (SC)
Padrauna
PALIA
Paniyara
Pathardeva
Patiyali
Patti
Payagpur
Phaphamau
Pharenda
Phephana
Phoolpur Pawai
Phulpur
Pilibhit
Pindra
Pipraich
Powayan (SC)
Pratapgarh
Pratappur
Puranpur (SC)
Purqazi (SC)
Purwa
Rae Bareli
Ram Nagar
Ramkola (SC)
Rampur
Rampur Karkhana
Rampur Khas
Rampur Maniharan
Raniganj
Rasara
Rasulabad (SC)
Rath (SC)
Robertsganj
Rohaniya
Rudauli
Rudhauli
Rudrapur (SC)
Sadabad
Sadar
Safipur (SC)
Sagri (SC)
Sahajanwa
Saharanpur
Saharanpur Nagar
Sahaswan
Sahibabad
Saidpur (SC)
Saiyadraja
Sakaldiha
Salempur (SC)
Salon (SC)
Sambhal
Sandi (SC)
Sandila
Sardhana
Sareni
Sarojini Nagar
Sawaijpur
Sevapuri
Sevata
Shahabad
Shahganj
Shahjahanpur
Shamli
Shekhupur
Shikarpur
Shikohabad
Shivpur
Shohratgarh
Shrawasti
Sidhauli (SC)
Sikanderpur
Sikandra
Sikandra Rao
Sikandrabad
Sirathu
Sirsaganj
Sishamau
Siswa
Sitapur
Siwalkhas
Soraon (SC)
SRI NAGAR (SC)
Suar
Sultanpur
Syana
Tamkuhi Raj
Tanda
Tarabganj
Thakurdwara
Thana Bhawan
Tilhar
Tiloi
Tindwari
Tirwa
Tulsipur
Tundla (SC)
Unchahar
Unnao (SC)
Utraula
Varanasi Cantt.
Varanasi North
Varanasi South
Vishwanathganj
Zafrabad
Zahoorabad
Zaidpur (SC)
Zamania

Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council (Vidhan Parishad)

Main Article : Vidhan Parishad

The Uttar Pradesh Vidhan Parishad or the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council is the upper house of the bicameral legislature of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. Uttar Pradesh is one of the seven states in India, where the state legislature is bicameral, comprising two houses: the Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) and the Vidhan Parishad (Legislative Council). The Vidhan Parishad is a permanent House, consisting of 100 members.

History

The Uttar Pradesh Vidhan Parishad came into existence by the Government of India Act of 1935. The governor, Ram Naik, was a part of it. The Legislative Council consisted of 60 members. The term of a member of the council was nine years with one-third of its members retiring after every three years. The Houses enjoyed the right of electing their Presiding Officers known as the president. The first meeting of the legislative council was held on 29 July 1937. Sir Sitaram and Begum Aijaz Rasul were elected the president and the vice-president of the legislative council respectively. Sir Sitaram was in office till 9 March 1949. Chandra Bhal became the next chairman on 10 March 1949.

After the independence and adoption of the constitution on 26 January 1950 Chandra Bhal was re-elected the chairman of the legislative council and continued in office till 5 May 1958. Sri Nizamuddin was elected the deputy chairman of the council on 27 May 1952. He continued in office till 1964.

Nominations and election

When, under the provisions of the Government of India Act 1935, the legislative council came into existence in the United Provinces, it comprised 60 members. On 26 January 1950, the total membership of the Vidhan Parishad (legislative council) of Uttar Pradesh state was increased from 60 to 72. With the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act 1956, the strength of the council was enhanced to 108. After the reorganisation of Uttar Pradesh state in November 2000 and the creation of Uttarakhand state, this strength has now reduced to 100. The present composition of the Vidhan Parishad is as follows:

Term

Members are now elected or nominated for six years and one-third of them retire every second year. The presiding officers of Vidhan Parishad are now known as chairman and deputy chairman. Mr. Ramesh Yadav is a chairman of this house at a time.

Constituencies and members

The following are the constituencies of the Uttar Pradesh Vidhan Parishad:[6]

Graduates' constituencies (8)
ConstituencyMemberPolitical PartyTerm
1Bareilly-Moradabad Division GraduatesDr. Jai Pal Singh (Vyast)BJPFeb 2017– Nov 2022[7]
2Lucknow Division GraduatesKanti SinghIndependentMay 2014 – May 2020
3Gorakhpur-Faizabad Division GraduatesDevendra Pratap SinghBJPFeb 2017 – Nov 2022
4Varanasi Division GraduatesAshutosh SinhaSP[8] Dec 2020 – Dec 2026
5Allahabad-Jhansi Division GraduatesDr. Man Singh YadavSP[9] Dec 2020 – Dec 2026
6Kanpur Division GraduatesArun PathakBJPFeb 2017 – Nov 2022
7Aligarh-Agra Division GraduatesDr. Aseem YadavSPMay 2014 – May 2020
8Meerut Division GraduatesHem Singh PundirNon politicalMay 2014 – May 2020
Teachers' constituencies (8)
ConstituencyMemberPolitical PartyTerm
1Meerut Division TeachersOm Prakash SharmaNon politicalMay 2014 – May 2020
2Bareilly-Moradabad Division TeachersSanjay Kumar MishraSPMay 2014 – May 2020
3Lucknow Division TeachersUmesh DwivediIndependentMay 2014 – May 2020
4Gorakhpur-Faizabad Division TeachersDhruv Kumar TripathiNon politicalMay 2014 – May 2020
5Varanasi Division TeachersChet Narayan SinghIndependentMay 2014 – May 2020
6Allahabad-Jhansi Division TeachersSuresh Kumar TripathiNon politicalFeb 2017 – Nov 2022
7Kanpur Division TeachersRaj Bahadur Singh ChandelIndependentFeb 2017 – Nov 2022
8Agra-Aligarh Division TeachersJagveer Kishor JainNon politicalMay 2014 – May 2020
Local Authorities' constituencies (36)
ConstituencyMemberPolitical PartyTerm
1Moradabad-Bijnor Local AuthoritiesParvez AliSPMar 2016 – Jan 2022
2Rampur-Bareilly Local AuthoritiesGhanshyam Singh LodhiSPMar 2016 – Jan 2022
3Badaun Local AuthoritiesBanwari Singh YadavSPMar 2016 – Jan 2022
4Pilibhit-Shahjahanpur Local AuthoritiesAmit YadavSPMar 2016 – Jan 2022
5Hardoi Local AuthoritiesMisbahuddinSPMar 2016 – Jan 2022
6Lakhimpur-Kheri Local AuthoritiesShashank YadavSPMar 2016 – Jan 2022
7Sitapur Local AuthoritiesAnand BhadauriaSPMar 2016 – Jan 2022
8Lucknow-Unnao Local AuthoritiesSunil Singh SajanSPMar 2016 – Jan 2022
9Rae Bareli Local AuthoritiesDinesh Pratap SinghINCMar 2016 – Jan 2022
10Pratapgarh Local AuthoritiesAkshay Pratap SinghSPMar 2016 – Jan 2022
11Sultanpur Local AuthoritiesShailendra PratapSPMar 2016 – Jan 2022
12Barabanki Local AuthoritiesRajesh YadavSPMar 2016 – Jan 2022
13Bahraich Local AuthoritiesIqhlaq KhanSPMar 2016 – Jan 2022
14Gonda Local AuthoritiesMahfooz KhanSPMar 2016 – Jan 2022
15Faizabad Local AuthoritiesHeralal YadavSPMar 2016 – Jan 2022
16Basti-Siddharth Nagar Local AuthoritiesSantosh Yadav 'Sani'SPMar 2016 – Jan 2022
17Gorakhpur-Maharajganj Local AuthoritiesC.P. ChandraSPMar 2016 – Jan 2022
18Deoria Local AuthoritiesRamawadh YadavSPMar 2016 – Jan 2022
19Azamgarh-Mau Local AuthoritiesRakesh Kumar YadavSPMar 2016 – Jan 2022
20Ballia Local AuthoritiesRavishankar Singh 'Pappu Bhaiya'SPMar 2016 – Jan 2022
21Ghazipur Local AuthoritiesVishal Singh ChanchalIndependentMar 2016 – Jan 2022
22Jaunpur Local AuthoritiesBrijesh Kumar Singh ' Prinsu'BSPMar 2016 – Jan 2022
23Varanasi Local AuthoritiesBrijesh Kumar Singh alias ArunIndependentMar 2016 – Jan 2022
24Mirzapur-Sonbhadra Local AuthoritiesRamlali MishraSPMar 2016 – Jan 2022
25Allahabad Local AuthoritiesVasudev YadavSPMar 2016 – Jan 2022
26Banda-Hamirpur Local AuthoritiesRamesh MishraSPMar 2016 – Jan 2022–
27Jhansi-Jalaun-Lalitpur Local AuthoritiesRama NiranjanSPMar 2016 – Jan 2022
28Kanpur-Fatehpur Local AuthoritiesDilip Singh alias Kallu YadavSPMar 2016 – Jan 2022
29Etawah-Farrukhabad Local AuthoritiesPushpraj JainSPMar 2016 – Jan 2022
30Agra-Firozabad Local AuthoritiesDileep YadavSPMar 2016 – Jan 2022
31Mathura-Etah-Mainpuri Local AuthoritiesUdayveer SinghSPMar 2016 – Jan 2022
32Mathura-Etah-Mainpuri Local AuthoritiesArvind YadavSPMar 2016 – Jan 2022
33Aligarh Local AuthoritiesJaswant SinghSPMar 2016 – Jan 2022
34Bulandshahar Local AuthoritiesNarendra Singh BhatiSPMar 2016 – Jan 2022
35Meerut-Ghaziabad Local AuthoritiesRakesh YadavSPMar 2016 – Jan 2022
36Muzaffarnagar-Saharanpur Local AuthoritiesMahmood AliBSPMar 2016 – Jan 2022
Members elected by Legislative Assembly(38)
Member NamePolitical PartyTerm
1Akhilesh YadavSPMar 2012 – Mar 2018
2Rajendra ChoudhurySPMar 2012 – Mar 2018
3Ambika ChoudhurySPMar 2012 – Mar 2018
4Dr. Madhu GuptaSPMar 2012 – Mar 2018
5Naresh Chandra UttamSPMar 2012 – Mar 2018
6Vijay YadavSPMar 2012 – Mar 2018
7Umar KhanSPMar 2012 – Mar 2018
8Ram Sakal GujjarSPMar 2012 – Mar 2018
9Sunil KumarBSPMar 2012 – Mar 2018
10Dr. Vijay PratapBSPMar 2012 – Mar 2018
11Thakur Jaiveer SinghBSPMar 2012 – Mar 2018
12Mahendra Kumar SinghBJPMar 2012 – Mar 2018
13Choudhury Mustaq AhmedRLDMar 2012 – Mar 2018
14Ahmed HasanSPFeb 2015 – Feb 2021
15Ramesh YadavSPFeb 2015 – Feb 2021
16Rajratan RajbharSPFeb 2015 – Feb 2021
17Sahab Singh SainiSPFeb 2015 – Feb 2021
18Ashok BajpaiSPFeb 2015 – Feb 2021
19Virendra Singh GujjarSPFeb 2015 – Feb 2021
20Sarojini AgarwalSPFeb 2015 – Feb 2021
21Ashu MalikSPFeb 2015 – Feb 2021
22Naseemuddin SiddiquiBSPFeb 2015 – Feb 2021
23Dharmveer AshokBSPFeb 2015 – Feb 2021
24PradeepBSPFeb 2015 – Feb 2021
25Lakshman AcharyaBJPFeb 2015 – Feb 2021
26Kamlesh PathakSPJul 2016 – Jul 2022[10]
27Rannvijay Singh GondaSPJul 2016 – Jul 2022
28Jagjivan Prasad BabuSPJul 2016 – Jul 2022
29Atar Singh RaoBSPJul 2016 – Jul 2022
30Dinesh ChandraBSPJul 2016 – Jul 2022
31Shatarudra PrakashSPJul 2016 – Jul 2022
32Suresh KashyapBSPJul 2016 – Jul 2022
33Yashwant SinghSPJul 2016 – Jul 2022
34Bhupendra SinghBJPJul 2016 – Jul 2022
35Dipak SinghINCJul 2016 – Jul 2022
36Sunil Kumar ChittaurBSPFeb 2012 – Feb 2018
37Bukkal NawabSPJul 2016 – Jul 2022
38Balram YadavSPJul 2016 – Jul 2022
39Ram Sundar Das NishadSPJun 2016 – Jun 2022
Nominated members
Member NamePolitical PartyTerm
1Shri Ram Singh YadavSPJul 2015 – Jul 2021
2Ms Lilawati KushwahaSPJul 2015 – Jul 2021
3Ramvriksh Singh YadavSPJul 2015 – Jul 2021
4Jitendra YadavSPJul 2015 – Jul 2021
5Balwant Singh RamoowaliaSPMay 2016 – Apr 2022
6Zaheer Hasan Waseem BarelviSPMay 2016 – Apr 2022
7Madhukar JetleySPMay 2016 – Apr 2022
The names of Dr Kamlesh Kumar Pathak, Sanjay Seth, Ranvijay Singh, Abdul Sarfraz Khan and Dr Rajpal Kashyap as recommended by the government were rejected by the governor Ram Naik as they were not nominated on basis or excellence in arts, social service, science etc.

Notes and References

  1. News: Vidhan Sabha Bhawan. Uttar Pradesh Tourism website. 19 November 2015.
  2. News: Brief History. Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly website. 19 November 2015.
  3. News: Offices. Lucknow Info. 19 November 2015.
  4. News: Vidhan Sabha. lucknowonline.in. 19 November 2015.
  5. News: Vidhan Bhawan. Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly website. 19 November 2015.
  6. Web site: The Delimitation of Council Constituencies (Uttar Pradesh) Order, 1951. Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India.
  7. Web site: BJP Wins 3 Graduate Legislative Council Seats In Uttar Pradesh. NDTV.com.
  8. Web site: वाराणसी MLC चुनाव परिणाम: सपा उम्मीदवार आशुतोष सिन्हा जीते, इतने वोटों से हारे भाजपा प्रत्याशी . 2023-02-25 . Amar Ujala . hi.
  9. Web site: एमएलसी बन कर लौटे सपा के डॉ. मान सिंह, पत्नी ने उतारी आरती . 2023-02-25 . Hindustan . hindi.
  10. News: UP MLC poll witnesses heavy cross voting, Samajwadi Party emerges victorious | India News - Times of India. The Times of India. 10 June 2016 .