Ustilaginaceae Explained

The Ustilaginaceae are a family of smut fungi in the order Ustilaginomycetes. Collectively, the family contains 17 genera and 607 species.

Biotechnological relevance

Ustilaginaceae naturally produce a wide range of value-added chemicals (e.g. secondary metabolites, TCA cycle intermediates) with growing biotechnological interest.[1] Reported metabolites are polyols, organic acids, extracellular glycolipids, iron-chelating siderophores and tryptophan derivatives.[2] [3] Polyols, such as erythritol (ery) and mannitol, for example, have large markets as sweeteners for diabetics and as facilitating agents for the transportation of pharmaceuticals in medicine.[4] Itaconic, L-malic, succinic, l-itatartaric, and l-2-hydroxyparaconic acid are organic acids produced by many Ustilaginomycetes.[3] Applications for itaconic acid are for example the production of resins, plastics, adhesives, elastomers, coatings, and nowadays itaconate is discussed as a platform chemical in the production of biofuels.[5] Malic acid is used in many food products, primarily as an acidulant.[6] Succinic acid is utilized as a precursor to pharmaceutical ingredients, such as additives, solvents, and polymers, but also as a food additive and dietary supplement.[7] Another category of metabolites produced by smut fungi contains extracellular glycolipids, such as mannosylerythritol lipids and ustilagic acid.[8] [9] These lipids have biosurfactant properties and can be used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food applications and are known for their strong fungicidal activity on many species.[2]

Genera

With authors and amount of species per genus;[10]

Notes and References

  1. Geiser. Elena. Wiebach. Vincent. Wierckx. Nick. Blank. Lars M.. 2014-01-01. Prospecting the biodiversity of the fungal family Ustilaginaceae for the production of value-added chemicals. Fungal Biology and Biotechnology. 1. 2. 10.1186/s40694-014-0002-y. 28955444. 5598272. 2054-3085 . free .
  2. Feldbrügge. Michael. Kellner. Ronny. Schipper. Kerstin. 2013-03-02. The biotechnological use and potential of plant pathogenic smut fungi. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. en. 97. 8. 3253–3265. 10.1007/s00253-013-4777-1. 0175-7598. 23455565. 18520974 .
  3. Guevarra. Elvira D.. Tabuchi. Takeshi. 1990-01-01. Accumulation of Itaconic, 2-Hydroxyparaconic, Itatartaric, and Malic Acids by Strains of the Genus Ustilago. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry. 54. 9. 2353–2358. 10.1271/bbb1961.54.2353. free.
  4. Moon. Hee-Jung. Jeya. Marimuthu. Kim. In-Won. Lee. Jung-Kul. 2010-02-26. Biotechnological production of erythritol and its applications. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. en. 86. 4. 1017–1025. 10.1007/s00253-010-2496-4. 0175-7598. 20186409. 9560435 .
  5. Willke. Th. Vorlop. K.-D.. Biotechnological production of itaconic acid. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. en. 56. 3–4. 289–295. 10.1007/s002530100685. 0175-7598. 2001. 11548996 . 206934753 .
  6. Book: Production of Multifunctional Organic Acids from Renewable Resources. Tsao. G. T.. Cao. N. J.. Du. J.. Gong. C. S.. 1999-01-01. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 9783540655770. Tsao. Prof Dr G. T.. Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology. 65 . 243–280. en. 10.1007/3-540-49194-5_10. 10533437 . Brainard. A. P.. Bungay. H. R.. Cao. N. J.. Cen. P.. Chen. Z.. Du. J.. Foody. B.. Gong. C. S..
  7. Zeikus. J. G.. Jain. M. K.. Elankovan. P.. Biotechnology of succinic acid production and markets for derived industrial products. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. en. 51. 5. 545–552. 10.1007/s002530051431. 0175-7598. 1999. 38868987 .
  8. Morita. Tomotake. Fukuoka. Tokuma. Imura. Tomohiro. Kitamoto. Dai. 2009-05-01. Production of glycolipid biosurfactants by basidiomycetous yeasts. Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry. en. 53. 1. 39–49. 10.1042/BA20090033. 19341364. 27322169 . 1470-8744.
  9. Bölker. Michael. Basse. Christoph W.. Schirawski. Jan. 2008-08-01. Ustilago maydis secondary metabolism—From genomics to biochemistry. Fungal Genetics and Biology. Thematic Issue: Ustilago maydis. 45, Supplement 1. S88–S93. 10.1016/j.fgb.2008.05.007. 18585066.
  10. 6 . Wijayawardene . Nalin . Hyde . Kevin . Laith Khalil Tawfeeq . Al-Ani . Somayeh . Dolatabadi . Stadler . Marc . Haelewaters . Danny . Tsurykau . Andrei . Mesic . Armin . Navathe . Sudhir . Papp . Viktor . Oliveira Fiuza . Patrícia . Vázquez . Víctor . Gautam . Ajay . Becerra . Alejandra G. . Ekanayaka . Anusha . K. C. . Rajeshkumar . Bezerra . Jadson . Matočec . Neven . Maharachchikumbura . Sajeewa . Suetrong . Satinee . 2020 . Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa . Mycosphere . 11 . 1060–1456 . 10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8 . free. 10481/61998 . free .

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