| Hermann Karl Usener | |
| Birth Date: | 23 October 1834 |
| Birth Place: | Weilburg, German Confederation |
| Death Place: | Bonn, German Empire |
| Nationality: | German |
| Field: | Classics |
| Doctoral Students: | H. A. Diels U. von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff Hermann Osthoff |
| Notable Students: | Eduard Schwartz Friedrich Leo Paul Natorp Hans Lietzmann Albrecht Dieterich Richard Reitzenstein Aby Warburg |
Hermann Karl Usener (23 October 1834 - 21 October 1905) was a German scholar in the fields of philology and comparative religion.
Hermann Usener was born at Weilburg and educated at its Gymnasium. From 1853 he studied at Heidelberg, Munich, Göttingen and Bonn.
In 1858 he had a teaching position at the Joachimsthalschen Gymnasium in Berlin. He was Professor 1861 to 1863 at the University of Bern, then at the University of Greifswald, before becoming professor at the University of Bonn.[1]
The Bonn School of classical philology was led by Usener with Franz Buecheler.
Usener was a large-scale thinker who combined scholarly research with theoretical reflection. His research on the ancient world used a comparative method, drawing on a variety of ethnological material for the study of social and religious matters. His theoretical method was phenomenological or hermeneutical, and centred on social psychology and cultural history.[2] He was influential most of all through his work on the formation of religious concepts, which influenced thinkers such as Albrecht Dieterich, Ludwig Radermacher, Aby Warburg, Walter F. Otto, and Ernst Cassirer.[3] In his book “The Names of Gods” (Götternamen, 1896), Usener introduced the concept of a momentary god.[4] This phrase entered the English-speaking world, to describe deities who seem to exist only for a specific purpose, time and place.[5]
He also trained an impressive list of students,[6] and belonged to a long dynasty of students of Winckelmann.[7] One such student was Friedrich Nietzsche: after initial support, Usener turned against him as a scholar after reading The Birth of Tragedy. Other students included Hermann Diels,[8] Paul Natorp,[9] Hans Lietzmann,[10] Albrecht Dieterich, Richard Reitzenstein,[11] and Aby Warburg.[12] Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, the leading German classical scholar of the following generation, studied at Bonn 1867-9; but tended to disagree with Usener. Their correspondence has been published.
His works include:
Hermann Usener's parents were Georg Friedrich Usener (20 August 1789–15 April 1854), Landesoberschultheiß in the Amt of Weilburg and his wife Charlotte Henriette Caroline Vogler (1798–1855), daughter of Georg Vogler, a physician and member of the Princedom of Nassau's medical council. On 4 September 1866, Usener married Caroline (Lily) Dilthey in Marburg (25 February 1846–14 March 1920). She was the sister of the philosopher Wilhelm Dilthey and the archaeologist Karl Dilthey. In 1899, his daughter married the classical philologist Albrecht Dieterich. Usener's son, Karl Albert Hermann (1876–1928) was an Oberleutnant.