Uru–Chipaya languages explained
| Uru–Chipaya |
| Also Known As: | Uruquilla |
| Familycolor: | American |
| Glotto: | uruc1242 |
| Glottorefname: | Uru–Chipaya |
| Child2: | Uru † |
| Child3: | Uru of Ch'imu † |
| Child4: | Murato † |
| Map: | Chipaya - mapa etnia.svg |
| Mapcaption: | Current distribution of Uru-Chipaya-speaking peoples |
The Uru–Chipaya family is an indigenous language family of Bolivia.
The speakers were originally fishermen on the shores of Lake Titicaca, Lake Poopó, and the Desaguadero River.
Chipaya has over a thousand speakers and sees vigorous use in the native community, but all other Uru languages or dialects are extinct.
Loukotka (1968) also lists the Chango language, once spoken on the coast of Chile from Huasco to Cobija in Antofagasta Province. The population has since been Araucanized.[1]
Proposed external relationships
See main article: Maya–Yunga–Chipayan languages. Stark (1972) proposed a Maya–Yunga–Chipayan macrofamily linking Mayan with Uru–Chipaya and Yunga (Mochica).[2]
Language contact
Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the Kunza, Pukina, Pano, Jaqi, Kechua, Mapudungun, and Moseten-Tsimane language families due to contact.[3]
Vocabulary
Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for Uro (Uru) and Chipaya.[1]
| gloss | | Chipaya |
|---|
| one | sipi | shintal'a |
|---|
| two | pisk'i | pishk |
|---|
| three | chepe | chep |
|---|
| head | ácha | acha |
|---|
| eye | shukui | chuki |
|---|
| hand | kárshi | kxara |
|---|
| woman | túkũ | txuna |
|---|
| water | koási | kuas |
|---|
| sun | túñi | túñi |
|---|
| maize | tura | tara | |
|---|
Bibliography
- Aguiló, F. (1986). El idioma de los Urus. Editora Centro Portales.
- Cerrón-Palomino, R. (2011). Chipaya. Léxico y etnotaxonomía. Lima: PUCP.
- Espinoza Soriano (1991). Proto-Takanan and Uru-Chipaya: genetic relationship or ancient loans? Comunicação apresentada em: Conferencia Internacional sobre Lenguaje, Política Oficial sobre el Lenguaje y Política Educativa en los Andes, 28–30 October 1991. Newark: University of Delaware.
- Hannẞ, K. (2008). Uchumataqu: The lost language of the Urus of Bolivia. A grammatical description of the language as documented between 1894 and 1952 (ILLA, 7). Leiden: CNWS Publications.
- Nimuendajú, K. (1928-1929). Wortliste der Šipáya-Indianer. Anthropos, 23:821-850, 24:863-896.
- Snethlage, E. (1932). Chipaya- und Curuaya-Wörter. Anthropos, 27:65-93.
- Vellard, J. A. (1949-1951). Contribution à l'étude des Indiens Uru ou Kot'suñs. Travaux de l'Institut Français d'études Andines, 1:145-209, 2:51-89, 3:3-39.
Notes and References
- Book: Loukotka, Čestmír . Čestmír Loukotka . Classification of South American Indian languages . registration . UCLA Latin American Center . 1968 . Los Angeles.
- Stark. Louisa R.. Maya-Yunga-Chipayan: A New Linguistic Alignment. International Journal of American Linguistics. 38. 2. 1972. 119–135. 0020-7071. 10.1086/465193.
- Jolkesky . Marcelo Pinho de Valhery . 2016 . Estudo arqueo-ecolinguístico das terras tropicais sul-americanas . Ph.D. dissertation . Brasília . University of Brasília . 2.
