SM U-86 was a Type U 81 submarine manufactured in the Germaniawerft, Kiel shipyard for the German Empire during World War I.
On 27 June 1918, under the command of Lieutenant Helmut Patzig, U-86 sank the Canadian hospital ship off the coast of Ireland, in violation of international law and standing orders of the Imperial German Navy. When the crew took to the lifeboats, U-86 surfaced, ran down all the lifeboats except one, and shot at the people in the water. Only the 24 people in the remaining lifeboat survived. They were rescued shortly afterwards and testified as to what had happened. The 234 others on board Llandovery Castle were lost, including fourteen nursing sisters.[1]
,[2] the former Hamburg America ocean liner SS Cincinnati, was torpedoed by U-86 on 1 July 1918 and sank the next day.[3] Covington was the 17th largest ship sunk or damaged by U-boats during the war.
After the war, the captain of U-86 Helmut Patzig, and two of his lieutenants were arraigned for trial on war crimes, but Patzig fled to the Free City of Danzig, and his trial was stopped on 20 March 1931 by virtue of the Laws of Amnesty. Lieutenants Ludwig Dithmar and Johan Boldt were convicted and sentenced to four years in prison; they were released after four months.
Type U 81 submarines were preceded by the shorter Type UE I submarines. U-86 had a displacement of 808t when at the surface and 946t while submerged. She had a total length of 70.06m (229.86feet), a pressure hull length of 55.55m (182.25feet), a beam of 6.3m (20.7feet), a height of 8m (26feet), and a draught of 4.02m (13.19feet). The submarine was powered by two 2400PS engines for use while surfaced, and two 1200PS engines for use while submerged. She had two propeller shafts. She was capable of operating at depths of up to .
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged, she could operate for at ; when surfaced, she could travel at . U-86 was fitted with six torpedo tubes (four at the bow and two at the stern), twelve to sixteen torpedoes, and one 10.5sp=usNaNsp=us SK L/45 deck gun (from 1917). She had a complement of thirty-five (thirty-one crew members and four officers).
U-86 was surrendered to the Allies at Harwich on 21 November 1918 in accordance with the requirements of the Armistice with Germany. Exhibited at Bristol in December 1918, along with UC-92, visitors could pay to go onboard with proceeds going to charity. She was then laid up at Portsmouth until scuttled in the English Channel on 30 June 1921.[4]
| Date | Name | Nationality | Tonnage[5] | Fate[6] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 23 March 1917 | Queenborough |  United Kingdom | 165 | Sunk | |
| 5 April 1917 | Dunkerquoise |  France | 127 | Sunk | |
| 5 April 1917 | Marie Celine | France | 142 | Sunk | |
| 5 April 1917 | Siberier |  Belgium | 2,968 | Sunk | |
| 6 April 1917 | Rosalind | United Kingdom | 6,535 | Sunk | |
| 18 April 1917 | Atalanta |  Sweden | 1,091 | Sunk | |
| 28 May 1917 | Antinoe | United Kingdom | 2,396 | Sunk | |
| 28 May 1917 | Limerick | United Kingdom | 6,827 | Sunk | |
| 29 May 1917 | Oswego | United Kingdom | 5,793 | Sunk | |
| 31 May 1917 | N. Hadzikyriakos |  Greece | 3,533 | Sunk | |
| 2 July 1917 | Bessie | Sweden | 66 | Sunk | |
| 10 August 1917 | Capella I |  Norway | 3,990 | Sunk | |
| 13 August 1917 | Turakina | United Kingdom | 9,920 | Sunk | |
| 15 December 1917 | Baron Leopold Davilliers | 163 | Damaged | ||
| 20 December 1917 | Polvarth | United Kingdom | 3,146 | Sunk | |
| 14 February 1918 | Bessie Stephens | United Kingdom | 119 | Sunk | |
| 17 February 1918 | Pinewood | United Kingdom | 2,219 | Sunk | |
| 19 February 1918 | Wheatflower | United Kingdom | 188 | Sunk | |
| 20 February 1918 | Djerv | United Kingdom | 1,527 | Sunk | |
| 23 February 1918 | Ulabrand | Norway | 2,011 | Sunk | |
| 30 April 1918 | Kafue | United Kingdom | 6,044 | Sunk | |
| 30 April 1918 | Kempock | United Kingdom | 255 | Sunk | |
| 2 May 1918 | Medora | United Kingdom | 5,135 | Sunk | |
| 5 May 1918 | Tommi | United Kingdom | 138 | Sunk | |
| 6 May 1918 | Leeds City | United Kingdom | 4,298 | Sunk | |
| 11 May 1918 | San Andres | Norway | 1,656 | Sunk | |
| 12 May 1918 | Inniscarra | United Kingdom | 1,412 | Sunk | |
| 16 May 1918 | Tartary | United Kingdom | 4,181 | Sunk | |
| 22 May 1918 | Meran | Norway | 656 | Sunk | |
| 21 June 1918 | Eglantine | Norway | 339 | Sunk | |
| 26 June 1918 | Atlantian | United Kingdom | 9,399 | Sunk | |
| 27 June 1918 | 11,423 | Sunk | |||
| 1 July 1918 | 16,339 | Sunk | |||
| 1 July 1918 | Origen | United Kingdom | 3,545 | Sunk |