University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa explained

University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
Former Name:College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts of the Territory of Hawaiʻi (1907–1912)
College of Hawaiʻi (1912–1919)
University of Hawaiʻi (1919–1972)
Image Upright:1.2
Motto:Hawaiian: Maluna a{{okina (Hawaiian)[1]
On seal: Mālamalama (Hawaiian)
Mottoeng:
On seal: "Enlightenment[2] "
Provost:Michael Bruno
Country:United States
Coor:21.297°N -157.817°W
Students:19,098 (Fall 2021)[3]
Undergrad:14,120
Postgrad:4,978
Endowment:$491.36 million (2023)
(system-wide)[4]
Budget:$1.1 billion (2019)[5]
Campus:Large city
Campus Size:320acres
Free Label2:Newspaper
Free2:Ka Leo O Hawaiʻi
Free Label1:Other campuses[6]
Colors:Green and white[7] [8]

The University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (University of Hawaii–Mānoa, UH Mānoa, Hawaiʻi, or simply UH, Hawaiian: '''Ke Kulanui o Hawaiʻi ma Mānoa'''<!--From https://manoa.hawaii.edu/ as of 08/03/2024-->) is a public land-grant research university in Mānoa, a neighborhood of Honolulu, Hawaii.[9] [10] It is the flagship campus of the University of Hawaiʻi system and houses the main offices of the system.[11] Most of the campus occupies the eastern half of the mouth of Mānoa Valley, with the John A. Burns School of Medicine located adjacent to the Kakaʻako Waterfront Park.

UH offers over 200 degree programs across 17 colleges and schools. It is accredited by the WASC Senior College and University Commission and governed by the Hawaii State Legislature and a semi-autonomous board of regents. It also a member of the Association of Pacific Rim Universities.

Mānoa is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".[12] It is a land-grant university that also participates in the sea-grant, space-grant, and sun-grant research consortia; it is one of only four such universities in the country to participate in all four consortia (Oregon State University, Cornell University and Pennsylvania State University are the others).

UH and its subsidiary, the Applied Research Laboratory, is one of only 14 University Affiliated Research Centers (UARC) of the United States Department of Defense and is one of five UARCs in the country for the United States Navy.

Notable UH alumni include Patsy T. Mink, Robert Ballard, Richard Parsons, and the parents of Barack Obama – Barack Obama Sr. and Stanley Ann Dunham. Forty-four percent of Hawaii's state senators and 51 percent of its state representatives are UH graduates.[13]

History

Founding

The University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa was founded in 1907 as a land-grant college of agriculture and mechanical arts establishing "the College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts of the Territory of Hawaiʻi and to Provide for the Government and Support Thereof".[14] The bill Maui Senator William J. Huelani Coelho through the initiatives of Native Hawaiian legislators, a newspaper editor, petition of an Asian American bank cashier, and a president of Cornell University,[15] was introduced into the Territorial Legislature March 1, 1907 as Act 24, and signed into law March 25, 1907 by Governor George Carter, which officially established the College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts of the Territory of Hawaiʻi under a five-member Board of Regents on the corner of Beretania and Victoria streets (now the location of the Honolulu Museum of Art School). Regular classes began on September 14, 1908, with John Gilmore as the university's first president.

In September 1912 it moved to its present location in Mānoa Valley on 90 acres of land that had been cobbled together from leased and private lands and was renamed the College of Hawaii. William Kwai Fong Yap, an cashier at Bank of Hawaii, and a group of citizens petitioned the Hawaii Territorial Legislature six years later for university status which led to another renaming finally to the University of Hawaiʻi on April 30, 1919, with the addition of the College of Arts and Sciences and College of Applied Science.[16]

In the years following, the university expanded to include more than 300 acres. In 1931 the Territorial Normal School was absorbed into the university, becoming Teacher's College, now the College of Education.

20th century

The university continued its growth throughout the 1930s and 1940s increasing from 232 to 402 acres. The number of buildings grew from 4 to 17. Following the attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941, classes were suspended for two months while the Corps of Engineers occupied much of the campus, including the Teacher's College, for various purposes. The university's ROTC program was put into active duty, which made the campus resemble a military school. When classes resumed on February 11, 1942, about half of the student and faculty body left to enter the war or military service. Students, who returned to campus, found classes cancelled due to lack of faculty and were required to carry gas masks to classes and bomb shelters were kept at a ready. Once the war was over, student enrollment grew faster than the university had faculty and space for.

In 1947, the university opened an extension center in Hilo on Hawaiʻi Island in the old Hilo Boarding School. In 1951, Hilo Center was designated the University of Hawaii Hilo Branch before its reorganization by an act of the Hawaiʻi State Legislature in 1970.

By the 1950s, enrollment increased to more than 5,000 students, and the university had expanded to include a Graduate Division, College of Education, College of Engineering, College of Business Administration, College of Tropical Agriculture, and College of Arts and Sciences.[17]

When Hawaiʻi was granted statehood in 1959, the university became a constitutional agency rather than a legislative agency with the Board of Regents having oversight over the university. Enrollment continued to grow to 19,000 at the university through the 1960s and the campus became nationally recognized in research and graduate education.

In 1965, the state legislature created a system of community colleges and placed it within the university at the recommendations of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare's report on higher education in Hawaii and UH President Thomas H. Hamilton. By the end of the 1960s, the University of Hawaiʻi was very different from what it had since its beginning. It had become larger and with the addition of the community colleges, a broad range of activities extending from vocational education to community college education, which were all advanced through research and postdoctoral training.

The university was renamed the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa to distinguish it from other campuses in the University of Hawaiʻi System in 1972.[18]

Organization and administration

The University of Hawaiʻi is governed by an 11-member board of regents who are nominated by the Regents Candidate Advisory Council, appointed by the governor, and appointed by the State of Hawaiʻi legislature. The board also appoints the University of Hawaiʻi president, who also serves as the chief executive of the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.

Presidents and chancellors

With the exception of the university's first semester, there has always been either a president, interim president, or chancellor. From 1907 to 1965, before the Hawaiʻi State Legislature created the University of Hawaiʻi System, which incorporated the technical and community colleges into the university, the president's role expanded to include oversight of all system campuses, with chancellors taking responsibility for individual campuses. As a result, the president has filled the role of chancellor at the university in addition to serving as president of the University of Hawaiʻi System.[19] The chancellor's position was created in 1974 and would be abolished in 1984, with Albert J. Simone becoming acting president on June 1, 1984.

In 2001, the position of chancellor was recreated[20] by UH System president Evan Dobelle over conflict of interest concerns. It was again abolished in April 2019.[21]

Presidents

Chancellors

Academics

UH Mānoa, the flagship campus of the University of Hawaiʻi System, is a four-year research university consisting of 17 schools and colleges. In addition to undergraduate and graduate degrees in the School of Architecture, School of Earth Science and Technology, the College of Arts, Languages, and Letters, the Shidler College of Business, the College of Education, and the College of Engineering, the university also maintains professional schools in law and medicine.

Together, the colleges and schools of the university offer bachelor's degrees in 93 fields of study, master's degrees in 84 fields, doctoral degrees in 51 fields, first professional degrees in five fields, post-baccalaureate degrees in three fields, 28 undergraduate certification programs, and 29 graduate certification programs.

College of Tropical Agriculture & Human Resources

Originally called the College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts of the Territory of Hawaiʻi and formerly the College of Applied Sciences, the College of Tropical Agriculture & Human Resources (CTAHR) is the founding college of the university. Programs of the college focuses on tropical agriculture, food science and human nutrition, textiles and clothing, and Human Resources.

College of Education

The college was established as the Honolulu Training School in 1895 to prepare and train teachers and then Territorial Normal and Training School after Hawaiʻi became a territory in 1905.[22] As the school outgrew its location on the Punchbowl side of Honolulu, a new campus was to be constructed on the corner of University Avenue and Metcalf Street. The first two buildings constructed by the Territorial Department of Public instruction became known as Wist Hall and Wist Annex 1.[23] The normal school was eventually merged into the University of Hawaiʻi in 1931 as the Teacher's College. In 1959, the name was changed to the College of Education.

College of Arts, Languages & Letters

The College of Arts, Languages, and Letters (CALL) is the newest and largest college at the university. It was created following the dissolution of the College of Arts and Science and the merger of the Colleges of Arts and Humanities, Languages, Linguistics, and Literature (LLL) and the School of Pacific and Asian Studies. The college's core focus is the study of arts, humanities, and languages with a particular focus on Hawaiʻi, the Pacific, and Asia Studies.[24]

Shidler College of Business

See main article: Shidler College of Business. The College of Business Administration was established in 1949 with programs in accounting, finance, real estate, industrial relations, and marketing. The college was renamed the Shidler College of Business on September 6, 2006, after real-estate executive Jay Shidler, an alumnus of the college, who donated $25 million to the college.[25]

Nancy Atmospera-Walch School of Nursing

The School of Nursing was established in 1951, even though courses in nursing had been offered since 1932 with a partnership with Queen's Hospital School of Nursing.

Honors program

The UH Mānoa offers an Honors Program to provide additional resources for students preparing to apply to professional school programs.[26] Students complete core curriculum courses for their degrees in the Honors Program, maintain at least a cumulative 3.2 grade-point average in all courses, and complete a senior thesis project.[27]

Library

See main article: Hamilton Library (Hawaii). The University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa Library, which provides access to 3.4 million volumes, 50,000 journals, and thousands of digitized documents, is one of the largest academic research libraries in the United States, ranking 86th in parent institution investment among 113 North American members of the Association of Research Libraries.[28]

Rankings

Arwu W:301–400
Arwu N:95–114
Forbes:385
Usnwr Nu:170
Usnwr W:394
Wamo Nu:247
Qs W:380
Thes W:201–250
The Wsj:260

The National Science Foundation ranked UH Mānoa 45th among 395 public universities for Research and Development (R&D) expenditures in fiscal year 2014.

According to U.S. News & World Reports rankings for 2021, UH Mānoa was tied at 170th overall and 159th for "Best Value" among national universities; tied at 83rd among public universities; and tied at 145th for its undergraduate engineering program among schools that confer doctorates.[31]

Distance learning

The university offers over 50 distance learning courses, using technology to replace either all or a portion of class instruction. Students interact with their instructors and peers from different locations to further develop their education.[32]

Research

With extramural grants and contracts of $436 million in 2012, research at UH Mānoa relates to Hawaii's physical landscape, its people and their heritage. The geography facilitates advances in marine biology, oceanography, underwater robotic technology, astronomy, geology and geophysics, agriculture, aquaculture and tropical medicine. Its heritage, the people and its close ties to the Asian and Pacific region create a favorable environment for study and research in the arts, genetics, intercultural relations, linguistics, religion and philosophy.[33]

According to the National Science Foundation, UH Mānoa spent $276 million on research and development in 2018, ranking it 84th in the nation.[34] Extramural funding increased from $368 million in FY 2008 to nearly $436 million in FY 2012. Research grants increased from $278 million in FY 2008 to $317 million in FY 2012. Nonresearch awards totaled $119 million in FY 2012. Overall, extramural funding increased by 18%.[33] [35]

For the period of July 1, 2012 to June 20, 2013, the School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST) received the largest amount of extramural funding among the Mānoa units at $92 million. SOEST was followed by the medical school at $57 million, the College of Natural Sciences and the University of Hawaiʻi Cancer Center at $24 million, the Institute for Astronomy at $22 million, CTARH at $18 million, and the College of Social Sciences and the College of Education at $16 million.[36]

Across the UH system, the majority of research funding comes from the Department of Health and Human Services, the Department of Defense, the Department of Education, the National Science Foundation, the Department of Commerce, and the National Aeronautics Space Administration (NASA). Local funding comes from Hawaii government agencies, non-profit organizations, health organizations and business and other interests.[36]

The $150-million medical complex in Kakaʻako opened in the spring of 2005. The facility houses a biomedical research and education center that attracts significant federal funding and private sector investment in biotechnology and cancer research and development.

Research (broadly conceived) is expected of every faculty member at UH Mānoa. Also, according to the Carnegie Foundation, UH Mānoa is an RU/VH (very high research activity) level research university.[37]

In 2013, UH Mānoa was elected to membership in the Association of Pacific Rim Universities, the leading consortium of research universities for the region. APRU represents 45 premier research universities—with a collective 2 million students and 120,000 faculty members—from 16 economies.[38]

Cancer Center

The University of Hawaiʻi Cancer Center is part of the Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. Its facility in Kakaʻako was completed in 2013.[39] It is designated as cancer center by the National Cancer Institute and represents Hawaiʻi and the Pacific. It was founded in 1971 and was named the Cancer Research Center of Hawaiʻi before 2011.[40], Naoto Ueno serves as the center's director.

Demographics

Undergraduate demographics as of Fall 2020
Race and ethnicity[41] Total
Asian
Other
White
Hispanic
Foreign national
Pacific Islander
Black
Economic diversity
Low-income
Affluent
UH is the fourth most diverse university in the U.S.[13] According to the 2010 report of the Institutional Research Office, a plurality of students at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa are Caucasian, making up a quarter of the student body. The next largest groups were Japanese Americans (13%), native or part native Hawaiians (13%), Filipino Americans (8%), Chinese Americans (7%) and mixed race (12%). Pacific Islanders and other ethnic groups make up the balance (22%).

Student life

Student housing

All UH Mānoa residence halls are coeducational. These include the Hale Aloha Complex, Johnson Hall, Hale Laulima, and Hale Kahawai. Suite-style residence halls include Frear Hall and Gateway House. First-year undergraduates who choose to live on campus live in the traditional residence halls.[42]

Two apartment-style complexes are Hale Noelani and Hale Wainani. Hale Noelani consists of five three-story buildings and Hale Wainani has two high rise buildings (one 14-story and one 13-story) and two low-rise buildings. Second-year undergraduates and above are permitted to live in Hale Noelani and Hale Wainani.[42]

The university reserves some low-rise units for graduate students and families.[43]

Charles H. Atherton YMCA

The University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa and the YMCA of Honolulu has enjoyed a close and robust partnership since the university's founding.[44] Beginning informally in 1908, the YMCA held bible classes and discussions at the University of Hawaiʻi, when it was the College of Hawaiʻi. In 1912, the YMCA of Honolulu followed the college to Mānoa valley and continued its work in Hawaiʻi Hall. In 1922, the relationship was formalized and it was one of the largest and most active groups on the university's campus, including hosting events for high school and incoming students.[45]

In 1932, through funding by the Atherton family, the YMCA moved across the street to a three-story cement building on University Avenue. The building, called the Charles H. Atherton House or the "Pink Building", in addition to being the center for YMCA activities, also served as student housing and dining hall. In 1995, the YMCA purchased the Mary Atherton House next door to provide additional residential and activity space.

In 2017, the Atherton building was sold to the university and University of Hawaiʻi Foundation. Today, its main offices are located in the Queen Lili'uokalani Center for Student Services building on the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, where they continue serve UH students and families throughout Hawaiʻi.

The Atherton building has since been closed and renovations began July 2021 to turn the Pink Building into student housing and an innovation center.[46]

Associated Students of the University of Hawaiʻi

See main article: Associated Students of the University of Hawaii. The Associated Students of the University of Hawaiʻi at Manoa (ASUH) is the undergraduate student government representing the 10,000+ full-time, classified, undergraduate students at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. ASUH was founded in 1910 as the Associated Students of Hawaiʻi and was chartered by the University of Hawaiʻi Board of Regents in 1912.

Off-campus

Athletics

See main article: Hawaii Rainbow Warriors and Rainbow Wahine.

The University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa competes in NCAA Division I, the only Hawaii school to do so. It competes in the Mountain West Conference for football only and the Big West Conference for most other sports.[47] UH competes in the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation in men's and women's swimming and diving, and indoor track and field while the coed and women's sailing teams are members of the Pacific Coast Collegiate Sailing Conference.

Men's teams are known as Rainbow Warriors, and women's teams are called Rainbow Wahine. "Hawaiian: Wahine" means "woman" in Hawaiian.[48] They are most notable for men's and women's basketball, volleyball, baseball, and football programs. The university won the 2004 Intercollegiate Sailing Association National Championships. The women's volleyball program won NCAA championships in 1982, 1983 and 1987. The men's volleyball won an NCAA championship in 2021.[49] The men's volleyball team had previously won an NCAA championship title game in 2002, but the title was later vacated due to violations.

The principal sports venues are Clarence T. C. Ching Athletics Complex, Stan Sheriff Center, Les Murakami Stadium, Rainbow Wahine Softball Stadium, and the Duke Kahanamoku Aquatic Complex.

The university's athletic budget in FY 2008–2009 was $29.6 million.[50]

Notable alumni and faculty

See main article: List of University of Hawaii alumni. Notable alumni of the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa include:

Notable faculty of the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa include:

Notable former faculty members include:

Art on campus

Campus art includes:

These artworks are off the main campus:

See also

Notes and References

  1. https://dlnr.hawaii.gov/shpd/files/2018/11/HI_Honolulu-County_Otsubo-Monument-Works-1.pdf Otsubo Monument Works
  2. Web site: Meaning of Mālama. Malama Learning Center.
  3. Web site: UH Mānoa: At a Glance. University of Hawaiʻi System. 17 December 2018. UH Manoa: At a Glance.
  4. As of June 30, 2023. Web site: U.S. and Canadian 2023 NCSE Participating Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2023 Endowment Market Value, Change in Market Value from FY22 to FY23, and FY23 Endowment Market Values Per Full-time Equivalent Student . February 15, 2024 . National Association of College and University Business Officers (NACUBO) . August 9, 2024 . XLSX . https://web.archive.org/web/20240523180252/https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/nacubo1-nacubo-prd-dc8b/media/Nacubo/Documents/EndowmentFiles/2023-NCSE-Endowment-Market-Values-FINAL.xlsx . May 23, 2024 . live .
  5. News: Young . Kalbert . Budget request breakdown for 2020 Legislature . 25 July 2020 . University of Hawaiʻi System News . December 17, 2019.
  6. Web site: University of Hawai'i at Mānoa. WSCUC.
  7. Web site: University of Hawaiʻi Graphics Standards . University of Hawaiʻi. May 15, 2007. June 13, 2015.
  8. Web site: University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa Catalog. University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. June 14, 2015. June 14, 2015.
  9. "Honolulu CDP, HI ." U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on May 21, 2009.
  10. Web site: Overview of University of Hawaii–Manoa. https://web.archive.org/web/20180824062736/https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/university-of-hawaii-manoa-1610. 2018-08-24. U.S. News & World Report.
  11. Magin, Janis L. "Land deals could breathe new life into Moiliili." Pacific Business News. Sunday July 1, 2007. 1. Retrieved on October 5, 2011.
  12. Web site: Carnegie Classifications Institution Lookup . Center for Postsecondary Education . carnegieclassifications.iu.edu . 25 July 2020 . May 20, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220520095717/https://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/view_institution.php?unit_id=141574 . dead .
  13. Web site: Mānoa Institutional Research Office. manoa.hawaii.edu. 2020-02-01.
  14. News: Celebrating the First 100 Years. June 12, 2021.
  15. Book: Kamins, Robert M.. Mālamalama: a history of the University of Hawaiʻi. 1998. University of Hawaiʻi Press. Robert E. Potter, University of Hawaii. 0-585-32644-4. Honolulu. 45843003.
  16. Book: University of Hawaii . 1957. Ka Palapala 1957. 10125/34293 . free . en-US.
  17. Book: Yount, David. Who runs the university?: the politics of higher education in Hawaii, 1985-1992. 1996. University of Hawaiʻi Press. 0-585-26566-6. Honolulu. 45727637.
  18. Web site: History University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa . 2024-07-19 . en-US.
  19. Web site: President's Office Collections – University of Hawaii Manoa Library Website . 2021-05-31 . en-US.
  20. Book: Karl, David M . UH and the sea: the emergence of marine expeditionary research and oceanography as a field of study at the University of Hawaii at Manoa . University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa . University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa . 2004 . 11-1 . Chapter 11. Enter Evan Dobelle: "Defining Our Destiny" . 56344517 . ftp://soest.hawaii.edu/dkarl/misc/dave/UH%26theSea/O-Chapter11.pdf.
  21. Web site: April 2, 2019 . New UH Mānoa leadership structure approved . University of Hawaiʻi.
  22. Web site: 2015-06-09 . Normal School . 2022-12-18 . Images of Old Hawaiʻi . en-US.
  23. Web site: Our History . 2022-12-18 . College of Education, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa . en-US.
  24. Web site: College of Arts, Languages & Letters. 2021-05-30. en-US.
  25. Web site: The Gift . Shidler.hawaii.edu . 2006-09-06 . 2010-07-27 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100821162916/http://www.shidler.hawaii.edu/tabid/363/Default.aspx . 2010-08-21 .
  26. Web site: About Us – Honors Program. University of Hawaii at Manoa. 19 June 2017.
  27. Web site: Your Honors Journey. University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. 19 June 2017.
  28. Web site: ARL Statistics 2007–2008 . Association of Research Libraries . December 7, 2009 . 2013-01-25 . Kyrillidou . Martha . Bland . Les .
  29. Web site: University of Hawaiʻi—Mānoa – U.S. News Best Grad School Rankings. U.S. News & World Report. October 2, 2020.
  30. Web site: University of Hawaiʻi-Mānoa – U.S. News Best Global University Rankings. U.S. News & World Report. October 2, 2020.
  31. Web site: University of Hawaii--Manoa Rankings . U.S. News & World Report . 2021 . October 2, 2020.
  32. Web site: Distance Learning at the University of Hawaiʻi . December 9, 2015 . University of Hawaiʻi.
  33. Web site: UH Mānoa: About UH Mānoa: Facts & Statistics: Research. hawaii.edu. 30 January 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150910210924/http://manoa.hawaii.edu/about/facts/research/summary.html. 10 September 2015.
  34. Web site: Table 20. Higher education R&D expenditures, ranked by FY 2018 R&D expenditures: FYs 2009–18 . ncsesdata.nsf.gov . . 25 July 2020.
  35. Web site: UH Mānoa: About UH Mānoa: Facts & Statistics: Research Awards. hawaii.edu. 30 January 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150910220121/http://manoa.hawaii.edu/about/facts/research/awards.html. 10 September 2015.
  36. Web site: 2013 Annual Report Extramural Awards & Expenditures . Ors.hawaii.edu . 2016-08-17.
  37. Web site: Carnegie Foundation, UH Mānoa . Classifications.carnegiefoundation.org . 2010-07-27.
  38. Web site: Association of Pacific Rim Universities – Member Universities. Association of Pacific Rim Universities. 30 January 2015. May 17, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130517134720/http://apru.org/members/member-universities. dead.
  39. https://www.uhcancercenter.org/50years "50 Years of Progress"
  40. https://www.uhcancercenter.org/50th-historical-timeline "UH Cancer Center History"
  41. Web site: College Scorecard: University of Hawaii at Manoa. . May 8, 2022.
  42. Web site: Our Communities | Student Housing Services . 2011-06-17 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110604160149/http://manoa.hawaii.edu/housing/challs/compare . 2011-06-04.
  43. Web site: Our Communities | Student Housing Services . 2014-07-25 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131105230238/http://www.manoa.hawaii.edu/housing/familygrad/halls . 2013-11-05.
  44. Web site: About Us YMCA of Honolulu Honolulu, Hawaiʻi www.ymcahonolulu.org . 2022-05-28 . www.ymcahonolulu.org.
  45. Web site: Mendoza . Jim . For 90 years, Atherton Y called this historic pink building home . 2022-05-28 . hawaiinewsnow.com . en.
  46. Web site: 2021-06-27 . Demolition of Mary Atherton Richards House starts in July to make way for new UH building . 2022-05-28 . KHON2 . en-US.
  47. News: Hawaii joins MWC, Big West for 2012 . Andy . Katz . ESPN.com . December 10, 2010 . January 20, 2011.
  48. Web site: Wahine Definition & Meaning . Merriam-Webster. en. 2019-03-26.
  49. News: Kaneshiro . Jason . Hawaii men's volleyball team sweeps BYU to capture NCAA championship . Honolulu Star-Advertiser . May 8, 2021.
  50. Web site: Article about Monsanto was 'right thing to do'. December 26, 2015. Honolulu Star-Advertiser.
  51. Web site: About UH Mānoa University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. en-US. 2019-12-10.
  52. Web site: About. 2021-01-11. blust. en.
  53. Zeitoun, Elizabeth (Chinese: 齊莉莎; pinyin: Qi Li-sha, 2007). Three Western scholars' contributions to Formosan linguistics . Paper presented at "The International Conference for the 100th anniversary of linguistics in Taiwan: In honor of the linguistics pioneer Professor Naoyosi Ogawa". 8–9 September 2007. National Taichung University, Taichung, Taiwan ROC.
  54. Web site: Nakaso. Dan. Kaya. Travis. 2010-07-09. The 'CJ' is saluted at school. 2021-11-25. Honolulu Star-Advertiser.
  55. Web site: Associate Judge Corinne K.A. Watanabe. 2020-04-09. www.courts.state.hi.us. en.
  56. Web site: Associate Judge Corinne K.A. Watanabe. www.courts.state.hi.us. en. 2020-04-09.

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