List of universities in Greece explained

Universities in Greece form one part of constitutionally-recognized institutions[1] with degree awarding powers. According to Greece's Constitution, higher education institutions (HEIs) include universities, polytechnics, some specialist HEIs, and formerly technological educational institutes (TEIs). In Greece, universities are private and public-owned and funded having state-accredited university title and authorization of university degree awarding powers at level 6 (first cycle qualification, bachelor's level) under the Bologna Process[2] [3] and the National Qualification Framework of Greece which is officially named Hellenic Qualification Framework (HQF; Greek: Greek, Modern (1453-);: Ελληνικό Πλαίσιο Προσόντων).[4] [5]

The State University System of Greece operates on the term system of two semesters per academic year,[6] [7] [8] [9] has the national curriculum (national education system) set forth by the Ministry of Education of Greece (Greek, Modern (1453-);: Υ.ΠΑΙ.Θ.).[10] [11]

Higher education institutions

Public Higher Education Institutions' (HEIs; Greek: Greek, Modern (1453-);: Ανώτατα Εκπαιδευτικά Ιδρύματα) undergraduate programmes in Greece are government funded and have free education without any payment of tuition fee. About one-fourth of postgraduate programmes are offered without tuition and 30% of students can be entitled to attend tuition-free postgraduate programmes after they are assessed on individual criteria.[12] [13] The Hellenic Qualification Framework (HQF) sets out the different levels of education qualifications and the requirements for each of these and is linked to the European Qualifications Framework (EQF),[14] and thus to other qualifications frameworks across the European Union.The regulated framework for Greece higher education qualifications, which is tied to the HQF, covers degree-levels qualifications of Greece degree-awarding bodies and is linked to the Qualifications Framework in the European Higher Education Area (QF-EHEA)[15] established by the Bologna process where Greece is a full member since 1999. Joining to the Bologna process Greece began education reforms in order to get higher education meeting the common European Union standards. Now the process is implemented in all higher education institutions. The programmes of EHEA are set at three levels of study which are usually referred to as the three cycle system.

First (entry level), a four-year cycle of study at EQF level 6 to attain a bachelor's degree or its equivalent (Greek: Greek, Modern (1453-);: Πτυχίο; transliterated to Ptychio in dhimotiki from 1976–present; or defunct Greek, Modern (1453-);: Πτυχίον; Ptychion in polytonic, katharevousa up until 1976).[16] A second cycle of study follows at EQF level 7[17] lasting one or two years to attain a master's degree (Greek, Modern (1453-);: μεταπτυχιακό δίπλωμα ειδίκευσης (Μ.Δ.Ε.)|lit=postgraduate specialized diploma|links=no, also known as: δίπλωμα μεταπτυχιακών σπουδών (Δ.Μ.Σ.), 'diploma of postgraduate studies') or equivalent, which is distinguished from a postgraduate diploma, typically having 120 ECTS, as opposed to a full master's degree which usually has 180. The third cycle of study at EQF level 8, lasting three years, awards a doctoral degree (Greek, Modern (1453-);: διδακτορικό δίπλωμα|links=no) or equivalent.

With the law 5094/2024, Government Gazette 39/A/13-3-2024,[18] [19] [20] it permits in Greece the establishment and operation of private Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). A fully-recognized private Higher Education Institution must obtain a Higher Education Accreditation by the National (Hellenic) Authority for Higher Education (HAHE) and an official establishment and operating license by the Greek Ministry of Education.

The Open Courses[21] [22] [23] are undergraduate and graduate courses taught in Greek Public Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) that are free of cost, freely accessible and freely available to any person over the Internet (online). It operated by the Greek Academic Network (GUnet), also known as Greek Universities Network (GUnet),[24] a member of the Open Education Global (OE Global).[25] [26]

With the paragraph 10 of article 34 of the Law 2725/15-6-1999, Government Gazette 121/A/17-6-1999,[27] [28] high school graduate athletes from 17 to 30-year-old who hold specific sport achievements are admitted without entrance Panhellenic Examinations to anyone of their choice undergraduate department of the public Higher Education Institutions of Greece.

Universities and technical universities

Universities (Greek, Modern (1453-);: Πανεπιστήμια|links=no)[29] can grant one or more of bachelor's, master's, integrated master's and doctorate degrees. The undergraduate programme of study for most disciplines is four years with awarded qualification in line with the Bologna process legal equivalent to a bachelor's degree, 240 ECTS, at level 6 of Greece's National Qualification Framework (NQF),[30] European Qualifications Framework (EQF), or International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED).[31] [32]

Technical universities, also known as polytechnics (Greek: Greek, Modern (1453-);: Πολυτεχνεία), grant degrees at the integrated master's level (which is divided into a 3-year undergraduate degree qualification and a 2-year postgraduate one),[12] master's, and doctorate level. In specific disciplines, only the undergraduate programme is five years with awarded qualification (Greek: Greek, Modern (1453-);: Δίπλωμα, Latinised version: Diploma) that is legally equivalent to an integrated master's degree, which is often the standard route to chartered status for a regulated profession in Greece. The integrated master's degree is a specialized degree corresponding to a master-level degree which has integrated part of an undergraduate degree. It is also called an undergraduate master's degree, where instead of studying for two separate degrees, a student will study for a single, longer programme. A student can also be awarded the 3-year undergraduate qualification (180 ECTS), instead of pursuing the masters should he wishes to.[33] [34] [35] The most common integrated master's is in engineering, for example a Dipl.-Eng or Dip.Arch.Eng/M.Arch, and also others along with some programmes in the fine arts.

In medical schools, six years of studying are required to earn a bachelor's degree.

In addition to earning an academic degree in specific disciplines only, state license is required to practice independently within the country of Greece, and some disciplines have further licensing requirements to bestow a recognized appellation (chartered accountant, attorney at law, doctor of medicine, etc.). Diploma is a prerequisite for registration as a chartered professional, so it is also known as professional degree. The use of specific professional titles for some professions is legally regulated. For a regulated profession, access to professional practice requires holding a particular specific degree (e.g. professional degree), taken special exams that are required to earn state practice credential such as it must pass the National Council Licensure Examination, a period of practical training under supervision similar to internship, and/or registration with a professional body.

Universities and technical universities
UniversityCampuses
Athens University of Economics and Business[36]
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki[37] Thessaloniki, Serres
University of West Attica (formerly TEI of Athens and TEI of Piraeus)Athens
Agricultural University of Athens[38] Athens, Amfissa, Karpenisi, Thebes
Athens School of Fine ArtsAgios Ioannis Rentis, Athens
Democritus University of Thrace[39] [40] Komotini, Alexandroupoli, Orestiada, Xanthi, Didymoteicho, Drama, Greece, Kavala
Harokopio University of Athens[41] Kallithea, Athens
National Technical University of Athens[42] Athens
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens[43] Athens, Dafni, Attica, Psachna
Hellenic Open University[44] Patras
International Hellenic University[45] Thessaloniki, Edessa, Katerini, Kilkis, Serres
Ionian University[46] Corfu, Argostoli, Zakynthos, Lefkada, Lixouri
Panteion University[47] Kallithea, Athens
Technical University of Crete[48] Chania
University of the Aegean[49] Mytilene, Chios, Ermoupoli, Karlovasi, Myrina, Rhodes
University of Crete[50] Rethymno, Heraklio
University of Ioannina[51] Ioannina, Arta, Preveza
University of Macedonia[52] Thessaloniki
University of Patras[53] Patras, Aigio, Agrinio, Amaliada, Messolonghi, Pyrgos
University of Peloponnese[54] Tripoli, Corinth, Kalamata, Nafplio, Patras, Sparta
University of Piraeus[55] Piraeus, Athens
Hellenic Mediterranean UniversityHeraklion (main), Chania, Rethymno, Agios Nikolaos, Crete, Sitia
University of Thessaly[56] Volos, Larissa, Lamia, Karditsa, Trikala
University of Western Macedonia[57] Kozani, Florina, Grevena, Kastoria, Ptolemaida
School of Pedagogical and Technological Education (ASPETE)[58] Marousi, Athens

International programmes

With the law 4692/2020,[59] [60] Part II, Chapter III, from Article 82 to Article 95, the Greek Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) can provide first cycle programmes of studies in a language other than Greek.[61] [62] Among the Greek universities offer English-taught full-time programmes with tuition are:

University rankings in Greece

An external evaluation of all Greek universities was conducted by the Hellenic Quality Assurance and Accreditation Agency (HQA).[79]

The following universities rank in at least one of the four major global rankings:[80] [81] [82]

Universitydata-sort-type="number" QS World[83] data-sort-type="number" THE World[84]
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki651–700801–1000
National Technical University of Athens422801–1000
University of Patras801–1000801–1000
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens651–700401–500
University of Crete801–1000401–500
Technical University of Crete801–1000
University of the Aegean801–1000
University of Ioannina801–1000
University of Thessaly801–1000
Athens University of Economics and Business1001–1200801–1000
Democritus University of Thrace1201+
Hellenic Open University1201+

Technological educational institutes

Technological educational institutes (TEIs; Greek: Greek, Modern (1453-);: Τεχνολογικά Εκπαιδευτικά Ιδρύματα) was a classification of Greek public HEIs (government subsidised) from 1983 to 2019, also called Technological Educational Institutes (TEIs) of Higher Education, Technological Institutes, Institutes of Technology, Technological Universities, and rarely Technical Colleges.

The undergraduate degree programmes, which by default included a one-time, 960 hours-long internship term known as practical training semester,[85] consisted of four years and 240 ECTS-credits, previously a -year (law 1404/24-11-1983, 1983–1995) and 210 ECTS, in line with the Bologna Process equivalent to a Level 6 ISCED bachelor's degree; the postgraduate degree programmes were years full-time or three years part-time with 90 credits and awarded qualification equivalent to a master's degree, ISCED 7. All TEIs in Greece were reformed between 2013 and 2019 and their departments have been incorporated into existing Higher Education Institutions.

Former HEIs

HEIs are defunct due to either closure or merger. Such events include:

The progressive education reforms of the "ATHENA" reform plan restructured higher education from 2013 to 2019.[86] [87]

Mergers of TEIs in 2018–2019:

Specialist HEIs

Military HEIs offer 3 and 4-year undergraduate programs which lead to a bachelor's degree-level in military studies. The latter have been called Higher Military Education Institutions (ASEI; Greek: Greek, Modern (1453-);: Ανώτατα Στρατιωτικά Εκπαιδευτικά Ιδρύματα): since 2010, they have offered studies for master's degree-level specialized diplomas and doctoral degrees. They conduct officer training for the Hellenic Armed Forces and have been considered national defense universities since 1961. Students at all Military Forces Academies are referred to as cadets and receive a monthly stipend during education. All cadets reside on campus and receive meals in dining halls. Cadets are not referred to as freshmen, sophomores, juniors, or seniors but instead fourth class, third class, second class, and first class cadets, respectively. All foreign cadets are commissioned into the military forces of their home countries. Upon graduation, all cadets become commissioned as second lieutenants, entry-level rank, and are employed in the Hellenic Armed Forces for a compulsory minimum term of duty service. Their graduates are eligible to reach flag officer ranks, albeit from Major onwards promotions are given on a personal merit basis for the completion of limited positions.

Alongside officers' schools, 3-year undergraduate programs are also offered in the respective NCO schools for each branch of Greece's armed forces:

Despite their names, their alumni actually advance to the senior officer rank of Antisyntagmatarchis/Antipterachos/Antiploiarchos (OF-4), a rank at which most commissioned officers of both levels (Officer and NCO school graduates) usually retire. Unlike their officer school counterparts, however, they can not attain a flag officer rank, something possible before WWII; among others, General Nikolaos Plastiras was a ΣΜΥ graduate.

NCO schools for the Police, Fire Service and Coast Guard have a differentiated approach:

There are also specialised schools for officers, not accessible to civilians throughout the Panhellenic exams, such as the Hellenic National Defense College, the Hellenic National Security College and others.

Non-HEIs

After the law 5094/13-3-2024 published on Government Gazette 39/A/13-3-2024[18] [19] [20] permits in Greece the establishment and operation of private Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). Before the law 5094/13-3-2024 it was prohibited the operation of private Higher Education Institutions (HEIs).

In Greece, there are also the private colleges which are not considered universities and are not recognized as HEIs or degree-awarding bodies by the Greek government. The Post-secondary Education Centres (Greek: Greek, Modern (1453-);: Κέντρα Μεταλυκειακής Εκπαίδευσης; ΚΕΜΕ) accredited by the Ministry of Education to which the Private Colleges belong, also they can be called Post-secondary Colleges (non-tertiary), they are bodies of non-typical education (Greek, Modern (1453-);: φορείς μη τυπικής εκπαίδευσης) known as non-formal education bodies.[107] [108] [109] According to the State Constitution of Greece, "education at university level must be provided exclusively by institutions which are fully self-governed public law legal bodies".[110] [111] [112] [113] [114] [115] This prohibits private companies from operating post-secondary education that provides studies at Level 6 and higher on the Greek Qualifications Framework. However, it does not prohibit colleges from collaborating in Greece with foreign universities to offer undergraduate and postgraduate programmes.[116] [117] [118]

The Panhellenic Association of Recognised Colleges (Greek: Greek, Modern (1453-);: Πανελλήνια Ένωση Αναγνωρισμένων Κολλεγίων) is the representative body for the Greece located recognised private colleges.[119] [120] All the private colleges located in Greece are for-profit. Generally, any individual who wants to found a college in Greece must obtain a Higher Education Accreditation by the National (Hellenic) Authority for Higher Education (HAHE)[121] and a license by the Ministry of Education, but has no obligation to become a participatory member of HCA.[122] The vast majority of colleges are offering programmes of study under franchise or validation agreements with universities established in other European Union countries, primarily in the UK, leading to degrees which are awarded directly by those universities. The monitoring of those agreements as well as of additional provisions for the operation of colleges is carried out by the Ministry of Education and confirmed by Parliament by a 2008 law.[123] Amendments were passed in 2010,[124] 2012,[125] 2013,[126] and 2014.[127] They are also monitored by the respective educational authorities of the countries of the partnered universities, for example QAA and NARIC for a British university.

One example of a college which neither operating as a franchise nor was validated through arrangements in the UK was the University of Indianapolis – Athens Campus, which ceased operations in July 2014. By contrast, this college was wholly owned and operated by its home campus, and is therefore accredited by the same agency which accredits the home campus. Consequently, students of the University of Indianapolis could switch between campuses at any time.

Degrees, diplomas, certificates, and any other type of attestation awarded by universities in European Union and European Free Trade Association countries to students that have completed their studies in an accredited private college located in Greece, can be recognized as professionally equivalent "in terms of the professional (practice) rights only" (Greek: Greek, Modern (1453-);: επαγγελματικής ισοδυναμίας) to higher education titles awarded in the formal Greek education system. Recognition of professional equivalence permits access to a specific economic activity that the title-holder can exercise on the same rules, rights, terms as holders of comparable titles of Greece HEIs education system.

Recognition of legally-recognized professional degree rights in Greece can only be granted by the Independent Department of Implementation of European Legislation (ATEEN; Greek, Modern (1453-);: Αυτοτελές Τμήμα Εφαρμογής Ευρωπαϊκής Νομοθεσίας; Α.Τ.Ε.Ε.Ν.) of the Ministry of Education (Υ.ΠΑΙ.Θ.),[128] [129] [130] as of the 2005 Directive of the European Parliament and Council, implemented domestically by a presidential decree in 2010.[131] [132]

Higher Education qualifications obtained from abroad foreign countries are recognised by the Interdisciplinary Organisation of Recognition Academic Titles and Information (D.O.A.T.A.P.; Greek: Greek, Modern (1453-);: Διεπιστημονικός Οργανισμός Αναγνώρισης Τίτλων Ακαδημαϊκών και Πληροφόρησης; Δ.Ο.Α.Τ.Α.Π.) supervised by the Ministry of Education (Greek, Modern (1453-);: Υ.ΠΑΙ.Θ.).[133] [134] [135] The Hellenic National Academic Recognition and Information Center (Hellenic NARIC) is the official international name of DOATAP. In most cases, it can obtain a "statement of comparability" of a qualification (certificate of qualification equivalency information), stating how it compares to the qualifications delivered in Greece.[136] [137] [138] [139]

HAHE authority

The Hellenic Quality Assurance and Accreditation Agency for Higher Education (ADIP; Greek: Greek, Modern (1453-);: Αρχή Διασφάλισης και Πιστοποίησης της Ποιότητας στην Ανώτατη Εκπαίδευση; ΑΔΙΠ), established by law 3374/2005,[140] [141] [121] keeps the competent bodies of the state and the HEIs informed on current international developments and relevant issues. The ADIP was reformed by law 4653/2020 to form the Hellenic (National) Authority for Higher Education (HAHE; Greek: Greek, Modern (1453-);: [[:el:%CE%95%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE %CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%AE %CE%91%CE%BD%CF%8E%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82 %CE%95%CE%BA%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B5%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82|Εθνική Αρχή Ανώτατης Εκπαίδευσης]]; ΕΘ.Α.Α.Ε.).[142] [143] [144] At the end of each year, a Higher Education Quality Report is submitted to the Minister of Education. A "Quality Assurance Unit" (QAU) is established in every HEI in order to coordinate and support evaluation procedures. QAU meetings are chaired by the Vice-Rector or vice-president of Academic Affairs of the relevant HEI and representatives of the staff and students take part in the QAU.

The internal evaluation is carried out with the responsibility of each academic unit (faculty or department) in cooperation with the Quality Assurance Unit. The academic units appoint Internal Evaluation Groups or Special Evaluation Groups (if undergraduate or postgraduate programmes are separately evaluated) and these groups compile the Internal Evaluation Report and submit it to the Quality Assurance Unit of the institution. The external evaluation process is repeated at longest every four years with the cooperation of HEIs and the HAHE. The evaluation is carried out by the External Evaluation Committee, which consists of five members from an HAHE register of independent experts.

See also

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Greece Education System Legislation and Official Policy Documents. eacea.ec.europa.eu.
  2. Web site: ADIP External evaluation reports of Institutions. dead. el. ADIP. 2016. 2019-07-12. https://web.archive.org/web/20190410085324/https://www.adip.gr/el/basic-page/619/ektheseis-exoterikis-axiologisis-idrymaton. 2019-04-10.
  3. Web site: ADIP External evaluation reports of Departments. dead. el. ADIP. 2014. 2019-07-12. https://web.archive.org/web/20190410085553/https://www.adip.gr/el/external-evaluation-reports. 2019-04-10.
  4. Web site: Hellenic Qualification Framework (HQF). live. el. nqf.gov.gr. https://web.archive.org/web/20200311063416/https://www.nqf.gov.gr/. 2020-03-11.
  5. Web site: Hellenic Qualifications Framework (HQF). live. proson.eoppep.gr. EOPPEP. el, en. https://web.archive.org/web/20200728160634/https://proson.eoppep.gr/en/QualificationTypes. 2020-07-28.
  6. Web site: Academic Identity Card – Application Submission via Online Service. el. Ministry of Education . live. https://web.archive.org/web/20221002110241/https://academicid.minedu.gov.gr/. 2022-10-02. As of 24/09/2012, undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral students of all Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) of the Greece country can apply online for a new academic identity card.
  7. Web site: Academic Identity Card – Useful Info: Student Greek Manuals for Online Service – latest updates. Ministry of Education. el. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20220922090237/https://academicid.minedu.gov.gr/xrisima-egxeiridio_xrisis.html. 2022-09-22.
  8. Web site: Academic Identity Card – Student English Manual for Online Service (2020). dead. Ministry of Education. 9 October 2020. 1–48. https://web.archive.org/web/20220615224655/https://en-academicid.minedu.gov.gr/Files/Students_Manual_En.pdf. 2022-06-15.
  9. Web site: Online Application for Transfer University Students. Ministry of Education. el. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20221005134518/https://transfer.it.minedu.gov.gr/. 2022-10-05.
  10. Web site: Specific Legislations for the Greek Higher Education – latest updates. Ministry of Education. 2021-01-11. el.
  11. Web site: General Legislations for the Greek Higher Education – latest updates. Ministry of Education. 2021-01-11. el.
  12. Web site: Law 4485/2017 Government Gazette 114/Α/4-8-2017. el. Hellenic Parliament.
  13. Web site: Law 3685/2008 Government Gazette 148/Α/16-7-2008. el. Hellenic Parliament. Framework and regulations for postgraduate studies.
  14. Web site: Find and Compare Qualifications Frameworks. ec.europa.eu.
  15. Web site: European Higher Education Area (EHEA) Greece member. live. EHEA. https://web.archive.org/web/20190710103059/http://ehea.info/pid34250-cid101247/greece.html . 2019-07-10.
  16. News: Institute of Educational Policy (IEP) Book Collection. el, en. Institute of Educational Policy (IEP). The digital Historical Collection of Greece School Textbooks, Government Gazettes, and other papers, more than 6.000 books.
  17. Web site: Search Machine for Master's Programs of the Greek HEIs/Universities. Ministry of Education.
  18. Web site: 5094/13-3-2024 Government Gazette 39/A/13-3-2024. el. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20240426091959/https://www.especial.gr/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/fek-a-39-13-03-2024-nomos-5094.pdf . 26 April 2024. especial.gr.
  19. Web site: Law 5094/2024 Government Gazette 39/A/13-3-2024. el. Hellenic Parliament. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20240426092059/https://www.hellenicparliament.gr/UserFiles/bcc26661-143b-4f2d-8916-0e0e66ba4c50/12525689.pdf. 26 April 2024.
  20. Web site: Law 5094/2024 Government Gazette 39/A/13-3-2024, Strengthening the Public University - Framework for the operation of non-profit branches of foreign universities and other provisions . el. Hellenic Parliament. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20240426092311/https://www.hellenicparliament.gr/Nomothetiko-Ergo/Anazitisi-Nomothetikou-Ergou?law_id=370e40cc-4375-4b0c-aadd-b11f01889995 . 26 April 2024.
  21. Web site: Open Courses of the Greek Public Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). el, en. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20231223105826/https://opencourses.gr/index.xhtml?ln=en. 23 December 2023.
  22. Web site: Greek Universities Network (Gunet). el, en. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20231222221845/https://www.gunet.gr/el/. 22 December 2023.
  23. Web site: Greek Public Higher Education Institutions (HEIs): Open Courses (old website). live. https://web.archive.org/web/20231223111627/https://project.opencourses.gr/en/. 23 December 2023.
  24. Web site: Greek Universities Network (GUnet). el, en. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20231222221845/https://www.gunet.gr/el/. 22 December 2023.
  25. Web site: Open Education Global (OE Global). live. https://web.archive.org/web/20231222110007/https://www.oeglobal.org/. 22 December 2023.
  26. Web site: Open Education Global (OE Global) (old website). live. https://web.archive.org/web/20231223120307/https://www.oeconsortium.org/members/view/584/. 23 December 2023.
  27. Web site: Law 2725/15-6-1999 Government Gazette 121/A/17-6-1999. el. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20211022074020/https://www.elinyae.gr/ethniki-nomothesia/n-27251999-fek-121a-1761999. 22 October 2021.
  28. Web site: Government Gazette 121/A/17-6-1999. el. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20230306092043/https://www.elinyae.gr/sites/default/files/2019-07/121A_1999.1499076427505.pdf. 6 March 2023.
  29. Web site: Greece Geodata Government Maps. geodata.gov.gr. el, en.
  30. Web site: HQF – HEIs Level 6 Programs Offerings. EOPPEP. el, en.
  31. Web site: International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) 2011. live. Unesco Organisation. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428160352/http://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/documents/international-standard-classification-of-education-isced-2011-en.pdf. 2021-04-28.
  32. Web site: ISCED-F 2013 Fields of education and training – Detailed field descriptions. live. Unesco Organisation. https://web.archive.org/web/20210421120527/http://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/documents/international-standard-classification-of-education-fields-of-education-and-training-2013-detailed-field-descriptions-2015-en.pdf. 2021-04-21.
  33. Web site: Announcement for the Government Gazette 496/Β/20-2-2019. live. 8 February 2022. agr.uth.gr. University of Thessaly. el. https://web.archive.org/web/20220516095943/http://agr.uth.gr/?p=2481. 2022-05-16. University of Thessaly – School of Agricultural Sciences – Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment: University Degree Recognition as Integrated Master.
  34. Web site: Government Gazette 496/B/20-2-2019. live. 8 February 2022. agr.uth.gr. University of Thessaly. el. https://web.archive.org/web/20220208172005/http://agr.uth.gr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/%CE%A6%CE%95%CE%9A-INTEGRATED-MASTER.pdf. 2022-02-08. Ministry of Education, Research and Religious Affairs – Ministerial Decision 19175/Z1 on 7 February 2019 – Inclusion to the provisions of the Paragraph 1 of Article 46 of Law 4485/2017 (Government Gazette 114/A/4-8-2017) for the Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment of the School of Agricultural Sciences of the University of Thessaly.
  35. Web site: Accreditation Report for the Undergraduate Study Programme (Integrated Master) of Civil Engineering of the Democritus University of Thrace on 23 November 2019. live. 8 February 2022. modip.duth.gr. Democritus University of Thrace (DUTH) – Quality Assurance Unit (MODIP). https://web.archive.org/web/20220208170042/https://modip.duth.gr/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Τελική-Έκθεση-Πιστοποίησης-ΠΠΣ_Πολιτικών-Μηχανικών.pdf . 2022-02-08. Accreditation Report published on 23 November 2019 by the Hellenic Quality Assurance and Accreditation Agency for Higher Education (ADIP).
  36. Web site: AUEB – External Evaluation Report. dead. en. 2015. ADIP. 2019-07-13. https://web.archive.org/web/20190531220353/https://www.adip.gr/sites/default/files/pages/25/622-final_external_evaluation_report_opa.pdf. 2019-05-31.
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  125. Web site: Law 4093/2012 Government Gazette 222/A/12-11-2012. el. Hellenic Parliament. According to the laws 4093/2012 (Government Gazette 222/A/12-11-2012) and 4111/2013 (Government Gazette 18/A/25-1-2013), private colleges in Greece are non-formal post-secondary (post lyceum) education service and training providers (non-tertiary) offer at least three years first cycle qualification programmes of study at Level 6 of ISCED (first higher education degree, bachelor’s degree level) and/or postgraduate studies (graduate qualifications) exclusively with the legal form of Validation and Franchising agreements with Higher Education Institution (HEIs) from foreign countries, that are officially fully recognised and accredited from their country competence authorities. Pursuant to the Greek current constitutional prohibition of Article Greek, Modern (1453-);: 16Σ of Greek Parliament (Constitution of Greece – The Eighth Revisionary Parliament of the Hellenes Resolves. PART II Individual and social rights. Article 16, education, art, science. As revised by the parliamentary resolution of May 27th 2008 of the Eighth Revisionary Parliament), do not academically recognize in Greece all university qualification titles have been awarded by private colleges in Greece after completion studies have been taken place in Greece either by cooperating universities from foreign countries. The university study titles have been awarded from universities of foreign countries after completion studies have been taken place by cooperating private colleges in Greece, even they recognized in regards professional rights in Greece, do not accept from Greek universities to continue studies for the obtainment postgraduate (level 7 ISCED) or doctoral qualification (level 8 ISCED). The prohibition is in force in the Greece only, as Greece located private colleges graduates are normally accepted for continuous studies (master’s degree level, doctor's degree level) from universities in foreign countries..
  126. Web site: Law 4111/2013 Government Gazette 18/A/25-1-2013. el. Hellenic Parliament.
  127. Web site: Law 4310/2014 Government Gazette 258/A/8-12-2014. el. Hellenic Parliament.
  128. Web site: Independent Department of Implementation of European Legislation (ATEEN). el. Ministry of Education.
  129. Web site: Law 4635/2019, Article 128, Government Gazette 167/Α/ 30-10-2019. el. Hellenic Parliament. Invest in Greece and other provisions. The Greek Council for the Recognition of Professional Qualifications (Greek, Modern (1453-);: Συμβούλιο Αναγνώρισης Επαγγελματικών Προσόντων) was reformed and replaced by Independent Department of Implementation of European Legislation (ATEEN; Greek, Modern (1453-);: Αυτοτελές Τμήμα Εφαρμογής Ευρωπαϊκής Νομοθεσίας; Α.Τ.Ε.Ε.Ν.)..
  130. ATEEM Qualifications professional recognition: documents which need to be submitted with application. el. Ministry of Education. Professional equivalency recognition of the formal Higher Education (tertiary) qualifications.
  131. Web site: European Council EC Directive 2005/36/EC/7-9-2005. eur-lex.europa.eu.
  132. Web site: Presidential Decree 38/2010 Government Gazette 78/A/25-5-2010. live. el. AUEB. https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221616/https://stat-athens.aueb.gr/~jpan/FEK78A-PD38-25ma10.pdf. 2016-03-03.
  133. Web site: Hellenic NARIC. live. el, en. DOATAP. https://web.archive.org/web/20210422172157/https://www.doatap.gr/en/. 2021-04-22.
  134. Web site: e-DOATAP Online Application for Foreign Academic Qualification Accreditation. live. el, en. DOATAP. https://web.archive.org/web/20210305084359/https://e-doatap.doatap.gr/. 2021-03-05.
  135. ENIC-NARIC Networks – Hellenic NARIC. live. enic-naric.net. https://web.archive.org/web/20210430151644/https://www.enic-naric.net/greece.aspx . 2021-04-30.
  136. News: International University Degree Equivalents. live. grb.uk.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20210430151902/https://www.grb.uk.com/recruiter-research/international-degree-equivalents. 2021-04-30.
  137. Web site: NARIC guide on Higher Education Systems in the European Union ‒ Edition of 1999 . dead. University of Marburg. 2004-08-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20081209072945/http://web.uni-marburg.de/eurostudies/studienreform/eaie_cd/ACE_CoE_CD_2005/acebook/NARIC_guide.pdf . 2008-12-09.
  138. Web site: NARIC Ireland Foreign Qualifications. live. NARIC Ireland. 2021-12-18. https://web.archive.org/web/20211217231226/https://qsearch.qqi.ie/WebPart/Search?searchtype=recognitions. 2021-12-17.
  139. Web site: Changes in professional recognition of degrees. live. 8 March 2023. Kathimerini. https://web.archive.org/web/20230308202906/https://www.ekathimerini.com/news/1206172/changes-in-professional-recognition-of-degrees/. 2023-03-08.
  140. Web site: Law 3374/2005, Article 10(1), Government Gazette 189/A/2-8-2005. el. Hellenic Parliament. Quality assurance in higher education. System for transfer and accumulation of credit units – Diploma Supplement. This law introduces quality assurance in higher education, and also establishes the Hellenic Quality Assurance and Accreditation Agency for Higher Education (HQAA; Greek: Greek, Modern (1453-);: Αρχή Διασφάλισης και Πιστοποίησης της Ποιότητας στην Ανώτατη Εκπαίδευση). It also provides for the organisation of undergraduate and postgraduate programs based on the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) (Greek, Modern (1453-);: Ευρωπαϊκό Σύστημα Μεταφοράς και Συσσώρευσης Πιστωτικών Μονάδων) as well as the issue of the Diploma Supplement..
  141. Law 4009/2011, Article 64(1), Government Gazette 195/A/6-9-2011. el. Hellenic Parliament. Structure, operation, quality assurance of studies and internationalisation of Higher Education Institutions. It provides general rules on the structure and operation of higher education. It regulates the framework for autonomy, structure and bodies of Higher Education Institutions. It provides for the assessment and transparency, as well as issues relating to reaching and other staff. It distinguishes studies between those of first, second and third cycle. It regulates student issues, issues pertaining to the funding of Higher Education Institutions, as well as issues relating to quality assurance and accreditation in higher education..
  142. Web site: Law 4653/2020 Government Gazette 12/A/24-1-2020. el. Hellenic Parliament. Greek, Modern (1453-);: Εθνική Αρχή Ανώτατης Εκπαίδευσης (ΕΘ.Α.Α.Ε.) – Hellenic Authority for Higher Education (H.A.H.E.), special accounts for research funds of High Education Institutes (HEIs), research and technological bodies and other provisions.
  143. Web site: Law 4653/2020 Government Gazette 12/A/24-1-2020 – citation II. el. Hellenic Parliament.
  144. Web site: Hellenic Authority for Higher Education (HAHE). live. ethaae.gr. HAHE. 2022-01-05. https://web.archive.org/web/20220105030836/https://www.ethaae.gr/en/. 2022-01-05.

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