1860 United States presidential election in Virginia explained

See main article: 1860 United States presidential election.

Election Name:1860 United States presidential election in Virginia
Country:Virginia
Flag Year:1788
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:1856 United States presidential election in Virginia
Previous Year:1856
Next Year:
Election Date:November 6, 1860
Image1:John Bell (Restored).png
Nominee1:John Bell
Party1:Constitutional Union Party (United States)
Home State1:Tennessee
Running Mate1:Edward Everett
Electoral Vote1:15
Popular Vote1:74,481
Percentage1:44.63%
Nominee2:John C. Breckinridge
Party2:Southern Democratic (United States)
Home State2:Kentucky
Running Mate2:Joseph Lane
Electoral Vote2:0
Popular Vote2:74,325
Percentage2:44.54%
Image3:Senator Stephen A. Douglas (edited).png
Nominee3:Stephen A. Douglas
Party3:Democratic Party (United States)
Home State3:Illinois
Running Mate3:Herschel V. Johnson
Electoral Vote3:0
Popular Vote3:16,198
Percentage3:9.71%
Map Size:425px
President
Before Election:James Buchanan
Before Party:Democratic Party (United States)
After Election:Abraham Lincoln
After Party:Republican Party (United States)

The 1860 United States presidential election in Virginia took place on November 6, 1860, as part of the 1860 United States presidential election. Voters chose 15 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Campaign

Archibald Campbell and John Curtiss Underwood attempted to have the Republican National Convention held in Wheeling, Virginia. Many national Republicans supported the idea, including chair Edwin D. Morgan. However, the hostile reaction to the Republican Party by the south after John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry resulted in the committee choosing to host the convention in Chicago.

1,500 people attended the Republican Party of Virginia's state convention in Wheeling on May 2, 1860. The party's delegation to the national convention was the sixth-largest there, despite a credentials challenge against the entire south by opponents of William H. Seward. The initially pro-Seward Virginia delegation gave a majority of its votes to Abraham Lincoln on the first ballot. The delegation supported Cassius Marcellus Clay for the vice presidential nomination.

Four companies of Wide Awakes totaling 350 men were formed during the campaign. Almost all of Lincoln's support came from around Wheeling and his best county was Ohio County.

Results

1860 United States presidential election in Virginia[1]
PartyCandidateVotesPercentageElectoral votes
Constitutional UnionJohn Bell74,48144.63%15
Southern DemocraticJohn C. Breckinridge74,32544.54%0
DemocraticStephen A. Douglas16,1989.71%0
RepublicanAbraham Lincoln1,8871.13%0
Totals166,891100.0%15

Results by County

County! colspan="2"
John BellConstitutional UnionJohn C. BreckinridgeSouthern DemocraticStephen A. DouglasDemocraticAbraham LincolnRepublicanTotal Votes Cast
%%%%
Accomack73647.39%73747.46%805.15%00.00%1,553
Albemarle1,31753.32%1,05642.75%973.93%00.00%2,470
1,01258.36%56532.58%1418.13%160.92%1,734
Alleghany25039.62%34454.52%375.86%00.00%631
Amelia28250.09%24944.23%325.68%00.00%563
Amherst62242.72%80855.49%261.79%00.00%1,456
Appomattox22127.83%56370.91%101.26%00.00%794
Augusta2,55366.05%2185.64%1,09428.31%00.00%3,865
Barbour42230.71%91066.23%392.84%30.22%1,374
Bath22045.32%16340.25%225.43%00.00%405
Bedford1,46856.55%1,03739.95%913.50%00.00%2,596
Berkeley91349.38%83044.89%1065.73%00.00%1,849
Boone12134.67%20458.45%246.88%00.00%349
Botetourt59043.61%58943.53%17412.86%00.00%1,353
Braxton27450.09%22741.50%468.41%00.00%547
Brooke17319.84%45051.61%768.72%17319.84%872
Brunswick30832.90%44446.28%18719.91%00.00%939
Buchanan148.38%13480.24%1911.38%00.00%167
Buckingham54550.00%52347.98%222.02%00.00%1,090
Cabell31635.59%16118.13%40745.83%40.45%888
Calhoun196.23%28593.44%10.32%00.00%305
Campbell1,52152.90%1,20842.02%1465.08%00.00%2,875
Caroline56141.52%77257.14%181.33%00.00%1,351
Carroll31529.86%72969.10%111.04%00.00%1,055
Charles City22465.12%11132.26%92.62%00.00%344
Charlotte41846.04%46551.21%252.75%00.00%908
Chesterfield78846.24%32819.25%58834.51%00.00%1,704
Clarke28842.86%33549.85%497.29%00.00%672
Clay11976.28%3723.72%00.00%00.00%156
Craig11225.69%32273.85%20.46%00.00%436
52649.16%52549.07%191.78%00.00%1,070
Cumberland27847.04%27646.70%376.26%00.00%591
Dinwiddie38947.09%25430.75%18322.16%00.00%826
Doddridge14324.20%35660.24%9115.40%10.16%591
Elizabeth City24856.88%16437.61%245.51%00.00%436
Essex27947.21%30852.11%40.68%00.00%591
Fairfax69147.10%68546.69%916.20%00.00%1,491
Fauquier98948.13%1,02749.98%391.90%00.00%2,056
Fayette38155.46%24135.08%659.46%00.00%687
Floyd38446.83%40048.78%364.39%00.00%820
Fluvanna48751.97%44347.28%70.72%00.00%937
Franklin86341.65%1,07651.93%1336.42%00.00%2,072
Frederick96341.08%1,31556.10%662.82%00.00%2,344
Giles36654.46%24436.31%629.23%00.00%672
Gilmer11728.40%26865.05%276.55%00.00%412
Gloucester30139.55%46060.45%00.00%00.00%761
Goochland24434.41%42860.37%375.22%00.00%709
Grayson31540.49%44757.46%162.05%00.00%762
Greenbrier99360.88%50530.96%1338.15%00.00%1,631
Greene7412.23%52186.12%101.65%00.00%605
Greensville13941.99%15145.62%4112.39%00.00%331
Halifax56327.97%1,31265.18%1386.86%00.00%2,013
Hampshire87843.37%1,05452.49%753.74%10.04%2,008
Hancock335.29%26241.32%8513.42%25440.06%634
Hanover57542.56%74955.44%272.00%00.00%1,351
Hardy89467.57%35526.83%745.60%00.00%1,323
Harrison93141.36%1,19152.91%1074.75%220.98%2,251
Henrico1,40362.83%64128.71%1898.46%00.00%2,233
Henry54351.91%44444.45%595.64%00.00%1,046
Highland21533.59%17026.56%25539.84%00.00%640
Isle of Wight14715.93%75782.02%192.05%00.00%923
Jackson38839.88%50051.39%646.58%212.16%973
James City14869.48%6028.17%52.35%00.00%213
Jefferson95951.64%45824.66%44023.69%00.00%1,857
Kanawha1,17667.55%51329.47%522.99%00.00%1,741
25533.25%51066.49%20.26%00.00%767
King George18441.44%22350.23%378.33%00.00%444
King William14230.54%31567.74%81.72%00.00%465
Lancaster20957.58%14239.12%123.31%00.00%363
Lee46233.82%89465.45%100.73%00.00%1,366
Lewis33228.06%60451.06%24720.88%00.00%1,183
Logan10026.53%27171.88%61.59%00.00%377
Loudoun2,03369.10%77826.44%1204.08%110.37%2,942
Louisa49839.71%75460.13%20.16%00.00%1,254
Lunenburg25130.99%52765.06%323.95%00.00%810
McDowell3548.61%3751.39%00.00%00.00%72
Madison747.97%83489.87%202.16%00.00%928
Marion56927.84%1,33765.41%1376.70%10.01%2,044
Marshall92845.49%80939.66%1085.29%1959.56%2,040
Mason71647.39%43929.05%29719.66%593.90%1,511
Mathews25145.06%30654.94%00.00%00.00%557
Mecklenburg43030.85%90164.63%634.52%00.00%1,394
Mercer44349.89%43248.65%131.46%00.00%888
Middlesex15138.52%24161.48%00.00%00.00%392
Monongalia62230.24%60129.22%75736.80%773.74%2,057
Monroe69353.47%52040.12%836.40%00.00%1,296
Montgomery71258.79%42535.09%746.11%00.00%1,211
Morgan30852.92%25443.62%203.44%00.00%582
Nansemond47752.59%42947.30%10.11%00.00%907
Nelson73359.35%39031.58%1129.07%00.00%1,235
New Kent26460.27%17239.27%20.46%00.00%438
Nicholas34563.03%15227.89%488.81%00.00%545
Norfolk City98259.38%43926.54%23314.09%00.00%1,654
Norfolk County70458.52%44737.16%524.32%00.00%1,203
Northampton23451.54%21447.14%61.32%00.00%454
Northumberland27644.02%35055.82%10.16%00.00%627
Nottoway23252.85%17940.77%286.39%00.00%439
Ohio1,20233.43%91525.39%71619.87%77121.39%3,604
Orange42746.72%47551.97%121.31%00.00%914
Page14112.23%93781.27%756.50%00.00%1,153
Patrick43346.31%43246.20%707.49%00.00%935
Pendleton40053.33%21728.93%13317.73%00.00%750
Petersburg97053.71%22312.35%61333.94%00.00%1,806
Pittsylvania1,70257.98%1,05736.00%1776.01%00.00%2,936
Pleasants14032.94%16639.06%11928.00%00.00%425
Pocahontas16330.99%33363.31%305.70%00.00%526
Portsmouth67846.60%55938.42%21414.72%40.27%1,455
Powhatan22547.67%12726.91%12025.42%00.00%472
Preston56230.33%94250.84%23912.90%1105.94%1,853
Prince Edward37443.39%42349.07%657.54%00.00%862
Prince George24343.39%19134.11%12622.50%00.00%560
Princess Anne45153.31%37944.80%161.89%00.00%846
Prince William24323.32%71868.91%262.50%555.28%1,042
Pulaski33256.56%25042.59%50.85%00.00%587
Putnam40052.29%32742.75%384.97%00.00%765
Raleigh23073.48%6922.04%144.47%00.00%313
Randolph25939.85%24838.15%14322.00%00.00%650
Rappahannock49152.85%40944.03%293.12%00.00%929
Richmond City2,40255.58%1,16727.08%75317.42%00.00%4,322
Richmond County35364.89%18534.01%61.10%00.00%544
Ritchie22426.26%54463.77%738.56%121.41%853
Roane23745.84%26451.06%163.09%00.00%517
Roanoke29340.81%37351.95%527.24%00.00%718
Rockbridge1,23155.13%36116.17%64128.71%00.00%2,233
Rockingham88330.31%67623.21%1,35446.48%00.00%2,913
47347.35%52652.65%00.00%00.00%999
Scott49141.75%59450.60%917.74%00.00%1,176
Shenandoah42717.13%1,88375.53%1706.82%130.52%2,493
44645.01%49650.05%494.94%00.00%991
Southampton54548.79%56350.40%90.81%00.00%1,117
Spotsylvania59943.66%51637.61%25718.73%00.00%1,372
Stafford40441.61%40241.41%16516.99%00.00%971
Surry19753.68%11531.34%5514.99%00.00%367
Sussex17731.22%29451.85%9616.93%00.00%567
64751.68%57545.93%262.08%40.32%1,252
Tazewell30624.68%93475.32%00.00%00.00%1,240
Tucker2215.28%9968.75%2315.97%00.00%144
Tyler31533.69%42345.24%19721.07%00.00%935
33133.98%58960.47%545.54%00.00%974
Warren27636.80%46261.60%121.60%00.00%750
Warwick7269.23%3230.77%00.00%00.00%104
Washington91642.60%1,17854.79%562.60%00.00%2,150
Wayne32656.82%16628.42%8214.04%101.71%584
Webster8645.03%9650.26%94.71%00.00%191
Westmoreland43872.76%16026.58%40.66%00.00%602
Wetzel9010.51%60770.91%15317.87%60.70%856
Williamsburg4942.24%4337.07%2420.69%00.00%116
Wirt15035.63%25560.57%163.80%00.00%421
Wise10221.56%36376.74%81.69%00.00%473
Wood83246.20%83246.20%563.11%814.50%1,801
Wyoming6061.22%2929.60%99.18%00.00%98
Wythe61743.03%79555.44%221.53%00.00%1,434
22770.93%9028.13%30.94%00.00%320
Total74,70144.65%74,37944.46%16,2929.74%1,9291.15%167,301

Analysis

Virginia was one of only three states to vote for the Constitutional Union candidate, former U.S. Senator John Bell, over the Southern Democratic candidate, Vice President John C. Breckinridge, and the Democratic candidate, U.S. Senator Stephen A. Douglas. Former U.S. Representative Abraham Lincoln was also the Republican candidate in this election, but he received the lowest support for any Republican presidential candidate (as well as the lowest support of any candidate who won the presidency) in the history of Virginia.

This was the first presidential election since the formation of political parties in which Virginia did not vote for the Democratic or Democratic-Republican candidate. It was also the closest presidential election result in Virginia history: Bell won by 156 votes, or a margin of 0.093474% – the thirteenth-closest statewide presidential result in United States history and the closest between 1836 and 1876. Virginia eventually seceded from the United States on April 17, 1861, and did not participate in the following elections in 1864 and 1868. However, unionist counties in the Ohio basin, plus a number of adjacent counties in the northwest, seceded to form the state of West Virginia and did participate in those two elections., this is the last election in which Morgan County, one of the counties that broke off to form West Virginia, did not vote for the Republican candidate.

Virginia was the only one of the eleven states that would later declare their secession from the Union and be controlled by Confederate armies where any ballots for Lincoln were distributed, and the vast majority of the votes Lincoln received were cast in border counties of what would soon become West Virginia – the future state accounted for 1,832 of Lincoln's 1,929 votes.[2] Lincoln received no votes at all in 121 of the state's then-145 counties (including 31 of the 50 that would form West Virginia), received a single vote in three counties and received ten or fewer votes in nine of the 24 counties where he polled votes. Lincoln's best results, by far, were in the four counties that comprised the state's northern panhandle, a region which had long felt alienated from Richmond and which was economically and culturally linked to its neighbors Ohio and Pennsylvania and which would become the key driver in the successful effort to form a separate state. Hancock County (Virginia's northernmost at the time) returned Lincoln's best result – he polled over 40% of the vote there and finished in second place (Lincoln polled only eight votes fewer than Breckinridge). Of the 97 votes cast for Lincoln in the state's post-1863 boundaries, 93 were polled in four counties along the Potomac River and four were cast in the coastal city of Portsmouth.

See also

Works cited

Notes and References

  1. Web site: 1860 Presidential General Election Results - Virginia. U.S. Election Atlas. 12 April 2013.
  2. http://www.virginiamemory.com/docs/1860_election_returns.pdf?_ga=1.106676996.686399364.1492562750 Results by county in Virginia