2012 United States presidential election in Ohio explained

See main article: 2012 United States presidential election.

Election Name:	2012 United States presidential election in Ohio
Country:	Ohio
Type:	presidential
Ongoing:	no
Previous Election:	2008 United States presidential election in Ohio
Previous Year:	2008
Election Date:	November 6, 2012
Next Election:	2016 United States presidential election in Ohio
Next Year:	2016
Turnout:	70.54%^[1]
Image1:	President Barack Obama, 2012 portrait crop.jpg
Nominee1:	Barack Obama
Party1:	Democratic Party (United States)
Home State1:	Illinois
Running Mate1:	Joe Biden
Electoral Vote1:	18
Popular Vote1:	2,827,709
Percentage1:	50.58%
Map Size:	250px
President
Before Election:	Barack Obama
Before Party:	Democratic Party (United States)
After Election:	Barack Obama
After Party:	Democratic Party (United States)
Nominee2:	Mitt Romney
Party2:	Republican Party (United States)
Home State2:	Massachusetts
Running Mate2:	Paul Ryan
Electoral Vote2:	0
Popular Vote2:	2,661,437
Percentage2:	47.60%

The 2012 United States presidential election in Ohio took place on November 6, 2012, as part of the 2012 United States presidential election in which all 50 states plus the District of Columbia participated. Ohio voters chose 18 electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote pitting incumbent Democratic President Barack Obama and his running mate, Vice President Joe Biden, against Republican challenger and former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney and his running mate, Congressman Paul Ryan. This election continued Ohio's bellwether streak, as the state voted for the winner of the presidency in every election from 1964 to 2016.

President Obama won the popular vote in Ohio with 50.58% of the vote over Mitt Romney in second place at 47.60%, a Democratic victory margin of 2.98%.^[2] Obama's performance was a decline from 2008 when he won the state by a 4.58% margin over U.S. Senator John McCain, and he narrowly lost five counties that he won in 2008.^[3] However, he narrowly improved his margins in Cuyahoga County and Franklin County, home to the second largest city, Cleveland, and the state's capital and largest city, Columbus, respectively and greatly improved his losing margin in Ross County home to the state's 1st and 3rd capital Chillicothe, allowing him to carry the state. Obama became the first Democrat to win the White House without Belmont County since Grover Cleveland in 1892, as well as the first to win without neighboring Jefferson County since Woodrow Wilson in 1916 and the first to win without Monroe or Tuscarawas Counties since John F. Kennedy in 1960.

As of the 2020 United States presidential election, this is the last time the Democratic presidential nominee won Ohio, as well as the last time Ashtabula County, Erie County, Ottawa County, Portage County, Sandusky County, Stark County, Trumbull County, and Wood County, have voted Democratic in a presidential election.

Primaries

Democratic primary

The Democratic primary was held on March 6, 2012, the same day as the Republican primary. Incumbent President Barack Obama ran unopposed, and thus won all 151 of the state's delegates.

Republican primary

Election Name:	2012 Ohio Republican presidential primary
Country:	Ohio
Type:	presidential
Ongoing:	no
Previous Election:	2008 Ohio Republican presidential primary
Previous Year:	2008
Next Election:	2016 Ohio Republican presidential primary
Next Year:	2016
Image1:	Mitt_Romney_by_Gage_Skidmore_6_cropped.jpg
Candidate1:	Mitt Romney
Home State1:	Massachusetts
Delegate Count1:	38
Popular Vote1:	456,513
Percentage1:	37.9%
Map Size:	200px
Candidate2:	Rick Santorum
Home State2:	Pennsylvania
Delegate Count2:	25
Popular Vote2:	446,255
Percentage2:	37.1%
Image4:	Newt Gingrich by Gage Skidmore 3 (cropped).jpg
Candidate4:	Newt Gingrich
Home State4:	Georgia
Delegate Count4:	0
Popular Vote4:	175,556
Percentage4:	14.6%
Image5:	Ron Paul by Gage Skidmore 3 (crop 2).jpg
Candidate5:	Ron Paul
Home State5:	Texas
Delegate Count5:	0
Popular Vote5:	111,238
Percentage5:	9.2%
Color1:	ff6600
Color2:	008000
Color4:	800080
Color5:	ffcc00

The 2012 Ohio Republican presidential primary took place on March 6, 2012.^[4]

Ohio has 66 delegates to the Republican National Convention. Three party officials (also known as "superdelegates") are not bound by the primary result. Forty-eight delegates are generally awarded winner-take-all by Congressional district. Another 15 delegates are awarded to the candidate who gets an outright majority statewide, or are allocated proportionately among candidates winning at least 20% of the vote if no candidate wins a majority.^[5]

2012 Ohio Republican presidential primary^[6]
Candidate	Votes	Percentage	Estimated national delegates
Mitt Romney	460,831	37.9%	38
Rick Santorum	448,580	37.1%	25
Newt Gingrich	177,183	14.6%	0
Ron Paul	113,256	9.3%	0
Rick Perry	7,539	0.6%	0
Jon Huntsman, Jr.	6,490	0.5%	0
Unprojected delegates			7
Totals	1,213,879	100.0%	66

Despite an early lead in the vote count and having won most counties, Santorum's lead was reduced and overcome by Romney as Hamilton and Cuyahoga County results came in. Romney also won areas such as Akron, Youngstown, Dayton and Columbus. These and other highly populated counties would eventually go to Obama in November.

Key:

align:"center" bgcolor=DDDDDD

Withdrew
prior to contest

Notes:

1. In the six congressional districts where Rick Santorum submitted only a partial slate of district delegates and district alternates by the late December 2011 deadline, he will be automatically awarded only the number of delegates he submitted, assuming he wins the particular district. The Ohio Republican Party said on March 2, 2012, that the remaining delegates in such districts will be "considered unbound" until a panel composed of three members of the Ohio GOP's central committee decides which campaign (if any) is permitted to appoint such delegates.^[7]

2. In three congressional districts (OH-6, OH-9 and OH-13), Rick Santorum did not make the district-specific portion of the ballot.

3. In every district, each of the 6 candidates listed above appears on the "at-large" portion of the ballot. The results of the at-large ballot will determine the allocation of fifteen national convention delegates.

General election

Campaign

Ohio was considered a key battleground state throughout the general election campaign, and both Barack Obama and Mitt Romney campaigned extensively in the state.^[8]

Results

2012 United States presidential election in Ohio^[9]
Party		Candidate	Running mate	Votes	Percentage	Electoral votes
	Democratic	Barack Obama (incumbent)	Joe Biden (incumbent)	2,827,709	50.58%	18
	Republican	Mitt Romney	Paul Ryan	2,661,437	47.60%	0
	Libertarian	Gary Johnson	Jim Gray	49,493	0.89%	0
	Green	Jill Stein	Cheri Honkala	18,573	0.33%	0
	Independent	Richard Duncan	Ricky Johnson	12,502	0.22%	0
	Constitution	Virgil Goode	Jim Clymer	8,152	0.15%	0
	Socialist	Stewart Alexander	Alex Mendoza	2,967	0.05%	0
	Others			23	0.00%	0
Totals				5,590,934	100.00%	18
Voter turnout (registered voters)						70.54%

Results by county

County^[10]	Barack Obama Democratic		Mitt Romney Republican		Gary Johnson^[11] Libertarian		Jill Stein Green		Various candidates Other parties		Margin		Total votes cast
County^[10]		%		%		%		%		%		%	Total votes cast
	Adams		3,976		35.76%		6,865		61.75%		98		0.87%	55	0.49%	124	1.11%	-2,889	-25.99%	11,118
	Allen		17,914		37.06%		29,502		61.03%		464		0.96%	164	0.34%	297	0.61%	-11,588	-23.97%	48,341
	Ashland		8,281		34.02%		15,519		63.76%		221		0.91%	115	0.47%	204	0.84%	-7,238	-29.74%	24,340
	Ashtabula		23,803		55.10%		18,298		42.36%		433		1.00%	224	0.52%	442	1.03%	5,505	12.74%	43,200
	Athens		18,307		66.02%		8,543		30.81%		434		1.57%	188	0.68%	256	0.92%	9,764	35.21%	27,728
	Auglaize		5,831		24.87%		17,169		73.22%		209		0.89%	83	0.35%	157	0.67%	-11,338	-48.35%	23,449
	Belmont		14,156		44.67%		16,758		52.88%		232		0.73%	178	0.56%	364	1.15%	-2,602	-8.21%	31,688
	Brown		7,107		36.65%		11,916		61.45%		191		0.98%	68	0.35%	110	0.57%	-4,809	-24.80%	19,392
	Butler		62,388		36.58%		105,176		61.68%		1,654		0.97%	413	0.24%	899	0.52%	-42,788	-25.10%	170,530
	Carroll		5,543		41.73%		7,315		55.07%		173		1.30%	71	0.53%	182	1.37%	-1,772	-13.34%	13,284
	Champaign		7,044		38.14%		11,045		59.81%		159		0.86%	66	0.36%	154	0.83%	-4,001	-21.67%	18,468
	Clark		31,297		48.67%		31,820		49.49%		509		0.79%	214	0.33%	461	0.72%	-523	-0.82%	64,301
	Clermont		30,458		31.55%		64,208		66.52%		1,069		1.11%	248	0.26%	542	0.56%	-33,750	-34.97%	96,525
	Clinton		5,791		31.85%		12,009		66.05%		195		1.07%	56	0.31%	132	0.73%	-6,218	-34.20%	18,183
	Columbiana		19,821		42.90%		25,251		54.66%		434		0.94%	216	0.47%	477	1.03%	-5,430	-11.76%	46,199
	Coshocton		6,940		43.97%		8,390		53.16%		157		0.99%	96	0.61%	201	1.28%	-1,450	-9.19%	15,784
	Crawford		7,507		37.82%		11,852		59.72%		186		0.94%	108	0.54%	194	0.98%	-4,345	-21.90%	19,847
	Cuyahoga		447,273		69.32%		190,660		29.55%		3,448		0.53%	1,564	0.24%	2,317	0.36%	256,613	39.77%	645,262
	Darke		6,826		26.84%		18,108		71.21%		212		0.83%	86	0.34%	198	0.78%	-11,282	-44.37%	25,430
	Defiance		7,732		42.16%		10,176		55.49%		187		1.02%	64	0.35%	180	0.99%	-2,444	-13.33%	18,339
	Delaware		37,292		37.71%		60,194		60.86%		851		0.86%	205	0.21%	357	0.36%	-22,902	-23.15%	98,899
	Erie		21,793		55.17%		16,952		42.92%		300		0.76%	158	0.40%	297	0.75%	4,841	12.25%	39,500
	Fairfield		29,890		41.39%		41,034		56.82%		624		0.86%	210	0.29%	462	0.64%	-11,144	-15.43%	72,220
	Fayette		4,249		38.49%		6,620		59.97%		87		0.79%	18	0.16%	64	0.58%	-2,371	-21.48%	11,038
	Franklin		346,373		60.53%		215,997		37.75%		5,535		0.97%	1,659	0.29%	2,624	0.46%	130,376	22.78%	572,188
	Fulton		9,073		42.58%		11,738		55.08%		248		1.16%	82	0.38%	169	0.80%	-2,665	-12.50%	21,310
	Gallia		4,557		36.10%		7,750		61.40%		79		0.63%	69	0.55%	167	1.32%	-3,193	-25.30%	12,622
	Geauga		19,659		38.46%		30,589		59.85%		386		0.76%	182	0.36%	297	0.58%	-10,930	-21.39%	51,113
	Greene		32,256		38.57%		49,819		59.57%		933		1.12%	245	0.29%	373	0.45%	-17,563	-21.00%	83,626
	Guernsey		7,450		44.22%		8,993		53.37%		174		1.03%	70	0.42%	162	0.96%	-1,543	-9.15%	16,849
	Hamilton		219,927		52.50%		193,326		46.15%		3,756		0.90%	1,012	0.24%	873	0.21%	26,601	6.35%	418,894
	Hancock		12,564		35.11%		22,443		62.72%		352		0.98%	130	0.36%	294	0.82%	-9,879	-27.61%	35,783
	Hardin		4,619		37.04%		7,489		60.06%		172		1.38%	68	0.55%	122	0.98%	-2,870	-23.02%	12,470
	Harrison		2,950		41.24%		4,019		56.19%		62		0.87%	47	0.66%	75	1.05%	-1,069	-14.95%	7,153
	Henry		5,658		39.69%		8,257		57.92%		169		1.19%	55	0.39%	118	0.83%	-2,599	-18.23%	14,257
	Highland		6,054		33.86%		11,413		63.83%		176		0.98%	67	0.37%	169	0.95%	-5,359	-29.97%	17,879
	Hocking		6,157		48.22%		6,285		49.22%		133		1.04%	57	0.45%	136	1.06%	-128	-1.00%	12,768
	Holmes		2,608		22.55%		8,702		75.23%		93		0.80%	43	0.37%	121	1.05%	-6,094	-52.68%	11,567
	Huron		11,006		44.54%		13,060		52.85%		260		1.05%	115	0.47%	270	1.10%	-2,054	-8.31%	24,711
	Jackson		5,166		38.54%		7,904		58.97%		94		0.70%	101	0.75%	139	1.04%	-2,738	-20.43%	13,404
	Jefferson		15,385		46.37%		17,034		51.34%		248		0.75%	157	0.47%	353	1.06%	-1,649	-4.97%	33,177
	Knox		10,470		36.78%		17,266		60.66%		306		1.08%	114	0.40%	307	1.07%	-6,796	-23.88%	28,463
	Lake		57,680		48.61%		58,744		49.50%		1,073		0.90%	436	0.37%	732	0.62%	-1,064	-0.89%	118,665
	Lawrence		10,744		41.43%		14,651		56.50%		171		0.66%	93	0.36%	273	1.05%	-3,907	-15.07%	25,932
	Licking		34,201		41.94%		45,503		55.80%		817		1.00%	311	0.38%	718	0.88%	-11,302	-13.86%	81,550
	Logan		7,062		33.31%		13,633		64.31%		214		1.01%	80	0.38%	210	0.99%	-6,571	-31.00%	21,199
	Lorain		81,464		56.87%		59,405		41.47%		1,275		0.89%	554	0.39%	555	0.39%	22,059	15.40%	143,253
	Lucas		136,616		64.86%		69,940		33.21%		2,318		1.10%	652	0.31%	1,095	0.52%	66,676	31.65%	210,621
	Madison		6,845		38.99%		10,342		58.91%		167		0.95%	67	0.38%	136	0.77%	-3,497	-19.92%	17,557
	Mahoning		77,059		63.38%		42,641		35.07%		744		0.61%	370	0.30%	770	0.63%	34,418	28.31%	121,584
	Marion		12,504		45.61%		14,265		52.03%		285		1.04%	132	0.48%	232	0.85%	-1,761	-6.42%	27,418
	Medina		38,785		42.65%		50,418		55.45%		838		0.92%	326	0.36%	564	0.62%	-11,633	-12.80%	90,931
	Meigs		4,027		39.41%		5,895		57.69%		111		1.09%	70	0.69%	115	1.13%	-1,868	-18.28%	10,218
	Mercer		4,745		21.89%		16,561		76.40%		142		0.66%	83	0.38%	145	0.67%	-11,816	-54.51%	21,676
	Miami		16,383		31.50%		34,606		66.53%		554		1.07%	144	0.28%	327	0.63%	-18,223	-35.03%	52,014
	Monroe		3,035		44.75%		3,548		52.31%		48		0.71%	47	0.69%	104	1.54%	-513	-7.56%	6,782
	Montgomery		137,139		51.42%		124,841		46.81%		2,548		0.96%	775	0.29%	1,404	0.53%	12,298	4.61%	266,707
	Morgan		2,814		45.86%		3,179		51.81%		42		0.68%	27	0.44%	74	1.21%	-365	-5.95%	6,136
	Morrow		5,933		36.59%		9,865		60.83%		174		1.07%	79	0.49%	166	1.02%	-3,932	-24.24%	16,217
	Muskingum		17,002		45.73%		19,264		51.81%		352		0.95%	185	0.50%	376	1.00%	-2,262	-6.08%	37,179
	Noble		2,131		36.17%		3,563		60.48%		62		1.05%	44	0.75%	91	1.54%	-1,432	-24.31%	5,891
	Ottawa		11,503		51.11%		10,538		46.83%		220		0.98%	97	0.43%	147	0.65%	965	4.28%	22,505
	Paulding		3,538		38.67%		5,354		58.51%		101		1.10%	48	0.52%	109	1.19%	-1,816	-19.84%	9,150
	Perry		7,033		46.82%		7,627		50.78%		120		0.80%	76	0.51%	164	1.10%	-594	-3.96%	15,020
	Pickaway		9,684		40.09%		14,037		58.11%		206		0.85%	74	0.31%	153	0.63%	-4,353	-18.02%	24,154
	Pike		5,684		49.02%		5,685		49.03%		77		0.66%	44	0.38%	106	0.91%	-1	-0.01%	11,596
	Portage		39,453		51.65%		35,242		46.14%		844		1.10%	316	0.41%	529	0.70%	4,211	5.51%	76,384
	Preble		6,211		30.71%		13,535		66.92%		230		1.14%	82	0.41%	167	0.83%	-7,324	-36.21%	20,225
	Putnam		4,318		23.47%		13,721		74.57%		160		0.87%	71	0.39%	130	0.71%	-9,403	-51.10%	18,400
	Richland		22,687		39.25%		33,867		58.59%		503		0.87%	245	0.42%	504	0.87%	-11,180	-19.34%	57,806
	Ross		14,569		48.31%		15,008		49.76%		223		0.74%	105	0.35%	255	0.85%	-439	-1.45%	30,160
	Sandusky		14,541		49.98%		13,755		47.28%		324		1.11%	162	0.56%	313	1.07%	786	2.70%	29,095
	Scioto		15,077		48.23%		15,492		49.56%		211		0.67%	154	0.49%	328	1.04%	-415	-1.33%	31,262
	Seneca		11,353		44.80%		13,243		52.26%		316		1.25%	136	0.54%	295	1.17%	-1,890	-7.46%	25,343
	Shelby		6,343		26.54%		17,142		71.71%		178		0.74%	75	0.31%	165	0.69%	-10,799	-45.17%	23,903
	Stark		89,432		49.21%		88,581		48.74%		1,588		0.87%	732	0.40%	1,413	0.78%	851	0.47%	181,746
	Summit		153,041		57.03%		111,001		41.36%		2,059		0.77%	764	0.28%	1,493	0.56%	42,040	15.67%	268,358
	Trumbull		61,672		60.48%		38,279		37.54%		739		0.72%	432	0.42%	841	0.83%	23,393	22.94%	101,963
	Tuscarawas		18,407		44.15%		22,242		53.35%		435		1.04%	175	0.42%	434	1.03%	-3,835	-9.20%	41,693
	Union		8,805		34.36%		16,289		63.57%		280		1.09%	83	0.32%	166	0.65%	-7,484	-29.21%	25,623
	Van Wert		4,029		28.99%		9,585		68.97%		95		0.68%	65	0.47%	124	0.89%	-5,556	-39.98%	13,898
	Vinton		2,436		44.37%		2,856		52.02%		62		1.13%	41	0.75%	95	1.72%	-420	-7.65%	5,490
	Warren		32,909		29.60%		76,564		68.85%		1,011		0.91%	220	0.20%	493	0.44%	-43,655	-39.25%	111,197
	Washington		11,651		39.36%		17,284		58.39%		235		0.79%	134	0.45%	298	1.01%	-5,633	-19.03%	29,602
	Wayne		19,808		38.71%		30,251		59.12%		451		0.88%	184	0.36%	471	0.93%	-10,443	-20.41%	51,165
	Williams		7,266		41.04%		10,047		56.74%		148		0.84%	95	0.54%	150	0.84%	-2,781	-15.70%	17,706
	Wood		32,802		51.21%		29,704		46.37%		940		1.47%	279	0.44%	334	0.52%	3,098	4.84%	64,059
	Wyandot		4,137		39.02%		6,180		58.29%		99		0.93%	68	0.64%	118	1.11%	-2,043	-19.27%	10,602
Totals	2,827,709	50.58%	2,661,437	47.60%	49,493	0.89%	18,573	0.33%	33,722	0.60%	166,272	2.98%	5,590,934

Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican

Belmont (largest city: Martins Ferry)
Jefferson (largest city: Steubenville)
Lake (largest city: Mentor)
Monroe (largest city: Woodsfield)
Tuscarawas (largest city: New Philadelphia)

By congressional district

Despite losing the state, Romney won 12 of 16 congressional districts.^[12]

Obama	Representative
52.4%	46.26%
54.75%	43.66%	Brad Wenstrup
28.9%	69.65%	Joyce Beatty
55.98%	42%	Jim Jordan
53.88%	44.1%	Bob Latta
55.2%	42.67%	Bill Johnson
53.71%	44.23%
61.9%	36.45%
30.87%	67.55%	Marcy Kaptur
50.14%	48.23%	Mike Turner
16.55%	82.74%
54.37%	43.9%	Pat Tiberi
35.42%	62.95%	Tim Ryan
50.89%	47.58%	Steve LaTourette
51.86%	46.34%
53.35%	45.19%	Jim Renacci

Analysis

Obama's victory in Ohio was enough to push him over the 270 electoral vote line allowing him to win the election. At first the Romney campaign contested the call, but conceded at about 1:00 A.M. President Obama's victory in the state can be attributed to several factors; he only won 17 out of Ohio's 88 counties. However, those 17 counties combined account for 56.56% of its total population.^[13] Romney did do well in most rural areas of the state, particularly in western Ohio. Romney also won all but one county in the Appalachia region, becoming the first Republican since Richard Nixon’s 2,900-plus-county landslide in 1972 to carry Belmont, Jefferson and Monroe Counties, and losing only Athens County, home of Ohio University. He also managed to flip the swing counties of Lake and Tuscarawas. Romney also did well in the northern Columbus suburbs. For Romney, most of his wins came from smaller populated counties. Obama won by comfortable margins in Franklin, Hamilton, and Lucas counties, home to the cities of Columbus, Cincinnati, and Toledo, respectively. Obama's greatest support came from northeast Ohio, centered in Cuyahoga and Summit counties, home to the cities of Cleveland and Akron, respectively, the second and fourth largest cities in the state. The surrounding Cleveland–Akron–Canton metropolitan area and the Lake Erie shore went mostly to Obama, allowing him to carry the state as a whole by a modest 2.98% margin.

In February 2013, nineteen cases of voter fraud were investigated in Hamilton County.^[14] Three individuals were charged with voter fraud the following month, with one individual alleged to have voted six times.^[15] These incidents would not have affected the outcome of the Ohio race as President Obama ultimately carried the state by 166,272 votes. Some experts believe that the popularity of the auto industry bailout put in place under President Obama helped him take the state.^[16]

External links

The Green Papers

for Ohio

The Green Papers

Major state elections in chronological order

Notes and References

Web site: 2012 ELECTIONS RESULTS. 25 June 2020. Ohio Secretary of State. October 18, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201018101640/https://www.sos.state.oh.us/elections/election-results-and-data/2012-elections-results/. dead.
Web site: Ohio Decides 2012 – Candidates for President. Ohio Secretary of State.
Web site: Ohio - Election Results 2008 - The New York Times. 2020-09-27. www.nytimes.com.
News: Primary and Caucus Printable Calendar. CNN. January 12, 2012.
Web site: Nate Silver. March 4, 2012. Romney Could Win Majority of Super Tuesday Delegates. March 5, 2012. FiveThirtyEight.
Web site: Secretary of State results. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120729161626/http://www.sos.state.oh.us/sos/upload/elections/2012/pri/2012precinct.xlsx. 2012-07-29. 2012-09-21.
News: Ohio delegates. ABC News. March 2, 2012.
News: Ohio Working Class May Offer Key to Obama's Re-election. The New York Times. 31 October 2012 . Zeleny . Jeff . Sussman . Dalia .
Web site: 2012 Elections Results - Ohio Secretary of State. 2020-09-27. www.ohiosos.gov. 2020-09-08. https://web.archive.org/web/20200908223913/https://www.ohiosos.gov/elections/election-results-and-data/2012-elections-results/. dead.
Web site: Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . 2021-02-20.
Web site: OH US President November 06, 2012. Our Campaigns.
Web site: Daily Kos Elections' statewide election results by congressional and legislative districts. Daily Kos. 11 August 2020.
Web site: County Population Totals: 2010-2019. 2020-09-27. The United States Census Bureau. EN-US.
News: Poll worker accused of voter fraud in Hamilton County speaks out . Emily Maxwell . WCPO . 6 February 2013 . 8 February 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130208011506/http://www.wcpo.com/dpp/news/region_central_cincinnati/downtown/Poll-worker-accused-of-voter-fraud-in-Hamilton-County-speaks-out . 8 February 2013 . dead .
News: Possible Ohio voter fraud investigation heats up . Associated Press . San Francisco Chronicle . 6 February 2013 . 8 February 2013 .
News: Cincinnati poll worker charged with voting half dozen times in November . Eric Shawn . Fox News . 11 March 2013 . 12 March 2013 .
News: Nun, Poll Worker, Widower Charged With Voter Fraud . WKRC . Sinclair Broadcast Group . 11 March 2013 . 12 March 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131021063743/http://www.local12.com/mostpopular/story/Nun-Poll-Worker-Widower-Charged-With-Voter-Fraud/K1VCaNPArk6wfG6p3H62Ow.cspx . 21 October 2013 . dead .
Web site: How Obama Took The Battleground States. NPR.