2016 United States presidential election in Illinois explained

See main article: 2016 United States presidential election.

Election Name:	2016 United States presidential election in Illinois
Country:	Illinois
Type:	presidential
Ongoing:	no
Previous Election:	2012 United States presidential election in Illinois
Previous Year:	2012
Election Date:	November 8, 2016
Next Election:	2020 United States presidential election in Illinois
Next Year:	2020
Turnout:	68.95%
Image1:	Hillary Clinton by Gage Skidmore 2.jpg
Nominee1:	Hillary Clinton
Party1:	Democratic Party (United States)
Home State1:	New York
Running Mate1:	Tim Kaine
Electoral Vote1:	20
Popular Vote1:	3,090,729
Percentage1:
Nominee2:	Donald Trump
Party2:	Republican Party (United States)
Home State2:	New York
Running Mate2:	Mike Pence
Electoral Vote2:	0
Popular Vote2:	2,146,015
President
Before Election:	Barack Obama
Before Party:	Democratic Party (United States)
After Election:	Donald Trump
After Party:	Republican Party (United States)

The 2016 United States presidential election in Illinois was held on Tuesday, November 8, 2016, as part of the 2016 United States presidential election in which all 50 states plus the District of Columbia participated. Illinois voters chose electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote, pitting the Republican Party's nominee, businessman Donald Trump, and running mate Indiana Governor Mike Pence against Democratic Party nominee, former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, and her running mate Virginia Senator Tim Kaine. Illinois had 20 votes in the Electoral College.^[1]

Illinois was won by Clinton, who garnered 55.83% of the votes cast against Trump's 38.76%, thus winning the state by a margin of 17.07%. Prior to the election, news organizations accurately predicted that the state would be carried by Clinton, who was born in Illinois. Clinton won by a slightly wider margin than Barack Obama in 2012, making it one of eleven states (and the District of Columbia) in which she outperformed Obama's 2012 margin; however, due to an increase in third-party voting, her overall percentage of the vote was lower than Obama's in both his runs.^[2] Trump flipped eleven counties red, although all of them have small populations; the most populous of them, Whiteside County, has under 60,000 residents. He also became the first Republican ever to win the White House without carrying DeKalb, DuPage, Kane, Lake, Will, or Winnebago Counties.

Primaries

Presidential primary elections for three parties were held in Illinois. From January 25 to February 17, 2016, the Green Party of the United States held primaries and caucuses, as part of the Green Party presidential primaries, to elect delegates representing a candidate at the 2016 Green National Convention. Physician and activist Jill Stein won a landslide of the popular vote, taking almost all of the state's 23 delegates. On March 15, 2016, both the Democratic and Republican parties held primaries in Illinois as part of a five-state contest being held on the day in both the Democratic and Republican presidential primaries. In the Democratic primaries, 156 pledged delegates to the 2016 Democratic National Convention were elected and awarded to candidates proportionally, according to countywide and statewide vote. In the Republican primaries, 69 delegates to the 2016 Republican National Convention were elected and awarded to the first place candidate, according to statewide vote.

Democratic

See main article: 2016 Illinois Democratic presidential primary.

The 2016 Illinois Democratic presidential primary was held on March 15, 2016, in the U.S. state of Illinois as one of the Democratic Party's state primaries ahead of the 2016 presidential election.

Forum

March 14, 2016 – Columbus, Ohio, and Springfield, Illinois:The tenth forum was held at 6:00 pm EDT on March 14, 2016, at the campus of Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio, and at the Old State Capitol State Historic Site (Illinois) in Springfield, Illinois. It aired on MSNBC. The first section of the town hall with Bernie Sanders was moderated by Chuck Todd; the second section of the town hall with Hillary Clinton was moderated by Chris Matthews.

Results

Six candidates appeared on the Democratic presidential primary ballot:^[3]

Republican

Election Name:	2016 Illinois Republican presidential primary
Country:	Illinois
Type:	presidential
Ongoing:	no
Previous Election:	2012 Illinois Republican presidential primary
Previous Year:	2012
Next Election:	2020 Illinois Republican presidential primary
Next Year:	2020
Image1:	Donald Trump by Gage Skidmore 10 (cropped).jpg
Candidate1:	Donald Trump
Home State1:	New York
Delegate Count1:	54
Popular Vote1:	562,464
Percentage1:	38.80%
Candidate2:	Ted Cruz
Home State2:	Texas
Delegate Count2:	9
Popular Vote2:	438,235
Percentage2:	30.23%
Image4:	John Kasich (24618295175) (cropped).jpg
Candidate4:	John Kasich
Home State4:	Ohio
Delegate Count4:	6
Popular Vote4:	286,118
Percentage4:	19.74%
Image5:	Marco Rubio by Gage Skidmore 8 (cropped).jpg
Candidate5:	Marco Rubio
Home State5:	Florida
Delegate Count5:	0
Popular Vote5:	126,681
Percentage5:	8.74%
Map Size:	x280px
Color1:	283681
Color2:	D4AA00
Color4:	29AB87
Color5:	C60E3B

The 2016 Illinois Republican presidential primary was held on March 15, 2016, in the U.S. state of Illinois as one of the Republican Party's state primaries ahead of the 2016 presidential election.

Ten candidates appeared on the Republican presidential primary ballot:^[3]

Green

Election Name:	2016 Illinois Green Party presidential primary
Country:	Illinois
Type:	presidential
Ongoing:	no
Votes For Election:	23 Green National Convention delegates
Previous Election:	2012 Illinois Green Party presidential primary
Previous Year:	2012
Next Election:	2020 Illinois Green Party presidential primary
Next Year:	2020
Election Date:	January 25–February 17, 2016
Candidate1:	Jill Stein
Party1:	Green Party of the United States
Home State1:	Massachusetts
Delegate Count1:	20
Popular Vote1:	119
Percentage1:	88.81%
Candidate2:	William Kreml
Party2:	Green Party of the United States
Home State2:	South Carolina
Delegate Count2:	1
Popular Vote2:	5
Percentage2:	3.73%
Map Size:	150px

The 2016 Illinois Green Party presidential primary was held from January 25 through February 17 in the U.S. state of Illinois as one of the Green Party's state primaries ahead of the 2016 presidential election. It was run by the Green Party of Illinois. Illinois' primary was the first to be held of the series of presidential primaries held by the Green Party of the United States. Registered Green party voters could participate in the primary through an online ballot or at select caucus sites in the state on various dates. 23 delegates to the 2016 Green National Convention were up for election in this primary.

Five candidates stood for election, including a sixth "uncommitted" option for the ballot. The candidates included activist and Green nominee in the 2012 presidential election, Jill Stein, singer-songwriter Darryl Cherney, businesswoman Sedinam Moyowasifza-Curry, perennial candidate Kent Mesplay, and professor William "Bill" Kreml. By the end of the primary, 134 votes were cast, with Stein winning a landslide 89% of the vote. 20 delegates from Illinois to the convention were allocated to Stein following the primary, with 1 being allocated to William Kreml and 2 being sent as uncommitted delegates.^{[4] [5]}

Illinois Green Party presidential primary, January 25 - February 17, 2016

Candidate	Votes	Percentage	National delegates
Jill Stein	119	88.81%	20
William Kreml	5	3.73%	1
Kent Mesplay	2	1.49%	0
Sedinam Moyowasifza-Curry	2	1.49%	0
Darryl Cherney	0	0.00%	0
Uncommitted	10	7.46%	2
Total	134	100.00%	23

General election

Predictions

Source	Ranking	As of
Los Angeles Times^[6]		November 6, 2016
CNN^[7]		November 4, 2016
Cook Political Report^[8]		November 7, 2016
Electoral-vote.com^[9]		November 8, 2016
align=left	Rothenberg Political Report^[10]		November 7, 2016
Sabato's Crystal Ball^[11]		November 7, 2016
RealClearPolitics^[12]		November 8, 2016
Fox News^[13]		November 7, 2016

Turnout

For the state-run primaries (Democratic and Republican), turnout was 45.73%, with 3,505,795 votes cast.^{[14] [15]} For the general election, turnout was 68.95%, with 5,536,424 votes cast.^{[16] [15]}

By county

County	Hillary Clinton Democratic		Donald Trump Republican		Various candidates Other parties		Margin		Total votes cast
		%		%		%		%
	Adams		7,676		23.76%		22,790		70.54%		1,844		5.70%		−15,114		−46.78%		32,310
	Alexander		1,262		44.75%		1,496		53.05%		62		2.20%		−234		−8.30%		2,820
	Bond		2,068		27.32%		4,888		64.57%		614		8.11%		−2,820		−37.25%		7,570
	Boone		8,986		39.07%		12,282		53.40%		1,733		7.53%		−3,296		−14.33%		23,001
	Brown		476		20.01%		1,796		75.49%		107		4.50%		−1,320		−55.48%		2,379
	Bureau		6,029		36.38%		9,281		56.01%		1,261		7.61%		−3,252		−19.63%		16,571
	Calhoun		739		28.74%		1,721		66.94%		111		4.32%		−982		−38.20%		2,571
	Carroll		2,447		32.87%		4,434		59.56%		564		7.57%		−1,987		−26.69%		7,445
	Cass		1,621		31.64%		3,216		62.76%		287		5.60%		−1,595		−31.12%		5,124
	Champaign		50,137		54.72%		33,368		36.42%		8,123		8.86%		16,769		18.30%		91,628
	Christian		3,992		25.79%		10,543		68.12%		942		6.09%		−6,551		−42.33%		15,477
	Clark		1,877		23.68%		5,622		70.91%		429		5.41%		−3,745		−47.23%		7,928
	Clay		1,020		16.06%		5,021		79.07%		309		4.87%		−4,001		−63.01%		6,350
	Clinton		3,945		22.65%		12,412		71.26%		1,062		6.09%		−8,467		−48.61%		17,419
	Coles		7,309		33.35%		13,003		59.33%		1,606		7.32%		−5,694		−25.98%		21,918
	Cook		1,611,946		73.93%		453,287		20.79%		115,111		5.28%		1,158,659		53.14%		2,180,344
	Crawford		1,992		22.79%		6,277		71.83%		470		5.38%		−4,285		−49.04%		8,739
	Cumberland		1,031		18.51%		4,206		75.50%		334		5.99%		−3,175		−56.99%		5,571
	DeKalb		20,466		46.94%		19,091		43.79%		4,043		9.27%		1,375		3.15%		43,600
	DeWitt		1,910		25.28%		5,077		67.19%		569		7.53%		−3,167		−41.91%		7,556
	Douglas		1,949		23.78%		5,698		69.53%		548		6.69%		−3,749		−45.75%		8,195
	DuPage		228,622		53.08%		166,415		38.64%		35,637		8.28%		62,207		14.44%		430,674
	Edgar		1,793		22.70%		5,645		71.46%		461		5.84%		−3,852		−48.76%		7,899
	Edwards		434		13.06%		2,778		83.57%		112		3.37%		−2,344		−70.51%		3,324
	Effingham		3,083		17.51%		13,635		77.43%		891		5.06%		−10,552		−59.92%		17,609
	Fayette		1,819		18.97%		7,372		76.86%		400		4.17%		−5,553		−57.89%		9,591
	Ford		1,414		22.11%		4,480		70.04%		502		7.85%		−3,066		−47.93%		6,396
	Franklin		4,727		25.26%		13,116		70.10%		868		4.64%		−8,389		−44.84%		18,711
	Fulton		6,133		38.82%		8,492		53.76%		1,172		7.42%		−2,359		−14.94%		15,797
	Gallatin		657		24.27%		1,942		71.74%		108		3.99%		−1,285		−47.47%		2,707
	Greene		1,205		21.58%		4,145		74.22%		235		4.20%		−2,940		−52.64%		5,585
	Grundy		8,065		34.71%		13,454		57.90%		1,718		7.39%		−5,389		−23.19%		23,237
	Hamilton		802		19.30%		3,206		77.14%		148		3.56%		−2,404		−57.84%		4,156
	Hancock		2,139		23.45%		6,430		70.50%		552		6.05%		−4,291		−47.05%		9,121
	Hardin		420		19.55%		1,653		76.96%		75		3.49%		−1,233		−57.41%		2,148
	Henderson		1,155		32.83%		2,155		61.26%		208		5.91%		−1,000		−28.43%		3,518
	Henry		8,871		36.00%		13,985		56.75%		1,787		7.25%		−5,114		−20.75%		24,643
	Iroquois		2,504		19.11%		9,750		74.42%		848		6.47%		−7,246		−55.31%		13,102
	Jackson		11,634		47.26%		10,843		44.05%		2,140		8.69%		791		3.21%		24,617
	Jasper		924		18.08%		3,975		77.76%		213		4.16%		−3,051		−59.68%		5,112
	Jefferson		4,425		26.03%		11,695		68.80%		879		5.17%		−7,270		−42.77%		16,999
	Jersey		2,679		24.37%		7,748		70.49%		564		5.14%		−5,069		−46.12%		10,991
	Jo Daviess		4,462		39.37%		6,121		54.01%		751		6.62%		−1,659		−14.64%		11,334
	Johnson		1,142		18.76%		4,649		76.35%		298		4.89%		−3,507		−57.59%		6,089
	Kane		103,665		51.91%		82,734		41.43%		13,288		6.66%		20,931		10.48%		199,687
	Kankakee		18,971		40.10%		25,129		53.12%		3,205		6.78%		−6,158		−13.02%		47,305
	Kendall		24,884		46.03%		24,961		46.18%		4,210		7.79%		−77		−0.15%		54,055
	Knox		10,083		44.81%		10,737		47.71%		1,683		7.48%		−654		−2.90%		22,503
	Lake		171,095		56.37%		109,767		36.16%		22,658		7.47%		61,328		20.21%		303,520
	LaSalle		19,543		39.29%		26,689		53.65%		3,511		7.06%		−7,146		−14.36%		49,743
	Lawrence		1,290		21.17%		4,521		74.19%		283		4.64%		−3,231		−53.02%		6,094
	Lee		5,528		35.69%		8,612		55.60%		1,349		8.71%		−3,084		−19.91%		15,489
	Livingston		4,023		26.22%		10,208		66.54%		1,111		7.24%		−6,185		−40.32%		15,342
	Logan		3,313		26.72%		8,181		65.97%		907		7.31%		−4,868		−39.25%		12,401
	Macon		18,343		38.17%		26,866		55.90%		2,851		5.93%		−8,523		−17.73%		48,060
	Macoupin		6,689		29.87%		14,322		63.96%		1,380		6.17%		−7,633		−34.09%		22,391
	Madison		50,587		38.86%		70,490		54.15%		9,102		6.99%		−19,903		−15.29%		130,179
	Marion		4,369		25.55%		11,859		69.36%		870		5.09%		−7,490		−43.81%		17,098
	Marshall		1,789		29.90%		3,785		63.25%		410		6.85%		−1,996		−33.35%		5,984
	Mason		2,014		31.02%		4,058		62.50%		421		6.48%		−2,044		−31.48%		6,493
	Massac		1,558		23.26%		4,846		72.36%		293		4.38%		−3,288		−49.10%		6,697
	McDonough		5,288		40.23%		6,795		51.70%		1,061		8.07%		−1,507		−11.47%		13,144
	McHenry		60,803		42.24%		71,612		49.75%		11,515		8.01%		−10,809		−7.51%		143,930
	McLean		36,196		44.51%		37,237		45.79%		7,891		9.70%		−1,041		−1.28%		81,324
	Menard		1,817		27.89%		4,231		64.94%		467		7.17%		−2,414		−37.05%		6,515
	Mercer		3,071		36.02%		4,807		56.39%		647		7.59%		−1,736		−20.37%		8,525
	Monroe		5,535		28.60%		12,629		65.25%		1,190		6.15%		−7,094		−36.65%		19,354
	Montgomery		3,504		27.00%		8,630		66.50%		844		6.50%		−5,126		−39.50%		12,978
	Morgan		4,696		31.73%		9,076		61.32%		1,028		6.95%		−4,380		−29.59%		14,800
	Moultrie		1,481		23.57%		4,455		70.91%		347		5.52%		−2,974		−47.34%		6,283
	Ogle		8,050		33.27%		14,352		59.32%		1,791		7.41%		−6,302		−26.05%		24,193
	Peoria		38,060		48.12%		35,633		45.05%		5,409		6.83%		2,427		3.07%		79,102
	Perry		2,462		24.93%		6,855		69.42%		557		5.65%		−4,393		−44.49%		9,874
	Piatt		2,645		29.19%		5,634		62.19%		781		8.62%		−2,989		−33.00%		9,060
	Pike		1,413		18.76%		5,754		76.41%		363		4.83%		−4,341		−57.65%		7,530
	Pope		375		17.51%		1,678		78.34%		89		4.15%		−1,303		−60.83%		2,142
	Pulaski		962		35.17%		1,675		61.24%		98		3.59%		−713		−26.07%		2,735
	Putnam		1,147		36.86%		1,767		56.78%		198		6.36%		−620		−19.92%		3,112
	Randolph		3,439		24.23%		10,023		70.61%		732		5.16%		−6,584		−46.38%		14,194
	Richland		1,584		20.59%		5,739		74.59%		371		4.82%		−4,155		−54.00%		7,694
	Rock Island		32,298		50.47%		26,998		42.19%		4,698		7.34%		5,300		8.28%		63,994
	Saline		2,572		22.59%		8,276		72.70%		536		4.71%		−5,704		−50.11%		11,384
	Sangamon		40,907		41.58%		49,944		50.77%		7,522		7.65%		−9,037		−9.19%		98,373
	Schuyler		1,075		28.04%		2,524		65.83%		235		6.13%		−1,449		−37.79%		3,834
	Scott		535		20.51%		1,966		75.38%		107		4.11%		−1,431		−54.87%		2,608
	Shelby		2,288		20.71%		8,229		74.48%		532		4.81%		−5,941		−53.77%		11,049
	St. Clair		60,756		50.03%		53,857		44.35%		6,823		5.62%		6,899		5.68%		121,436
	Stark		751		27.38%		1,778		64.82%		214		7.80%		−1,027		−37.44%		2,743
	Stephenson		7,768		38.19%		11,083		54.48%		1,492		7.33%		−3,315		−16.29%		20,343
	Tazewell		20,685		31.95%		38,707		59.78%		5,359		8.27%		−18,022		−27.83%		64,751
	Union		2,402		27.88%		5,790		67.20%		424		4.92%		−3,388		−39.32%		8,616
	Vermilion		10,039		32.58%		19,087		61.93%		1,692		5.49%		−9,048		−29.35%		30,818
	Wabash		1,151		21.07%		4,047		74.07%		266		4.86%		−2,896		−53.00%		5,464
	Warren		2,987		38.26%		4,275		54.76%		545		6.98%		−1,288		−16.50%		7,807
	Washington		1,448		19.47%		5,571		74.90%		419		5.63%		−4,123		−55.43%		7,438
	Wayne		1,048		12.62%		6,967		83.93%		286		3.45%		−5,919		−71.31%		8,301
	White		1,412		19.25%		5,640		76.89%		283		3.86%		−4,228		−57.64%		7,335
	Whiteside		11,035		43.14%		12,615		49.31%		1,932		7.55%		−1,580		−6.17%		25,582
	Will		151,927		49.94%		132,720		43.63%		19,579		6.43%		19,207		6.31%		304,226
	Williamson		8,581		26.94%		21,570		67.72%		1,701		5.34%		−12,989		−40.78%		31,852
	Winnebago		55,713		46.41%		55,624		46.33%		8,718		7.26%		89		0.08%		120,055
	Woodford		5,092		25.63%		13,207		66.49%		1,565		7.88%		−8,115		−40.86%		19,864
Totals	3,090,729	55.24%	2,146,015	38.35%	358,535	6.41%	944,714	16.89%	5,595,279

Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican

^[17]

• Alexander (largest city: Cairo)
• Carroll (largest city: Savanna)
• Fulton (largest city: Canton)
• Henderson (largest village: Oquawka)
• Henry (largest city: Kewanee)
• Jo Daviess (largest city: Galena)
• Knox (largest city: Galesburg)
• Mercer (largest city: Aledo)
• Putnam (largest village: Granville)
• Warren (largest city: Monmouth)
• Whiteside (largest city: Sterling)

By congressional district

Clinton won 11 of 18 congressional districts, both candidates won a district held by the other party.^[18]

District	Clinton	Trump	Representative
		75%	22%		Bobby Rush
		79%	19%		Robin Kelly
		55%	39%		Dan Lipinski
		81%	13%		Luis Gutierrez
		70%	24%		Mike Quigley
		50%	43%		Peter Roskam
		87%	9%		Danny K. Davis
	58%	36%		Tammy Duckworth
			Raja Krishnamoorthi
		69%	25%		Jan Schakowsky
	61%	32%		Robert Dold
			Brad Schneider
		58%	35%		Bill Foster
		40%	55%		Mike Bost
		44%	50%		Rodney Davis
		45%	48%		Randy Hultgren
		24%	71%		John Shimkus
		38%	55%		Adam Kinzinger
		47%	47%		Cheri Bustos
		33%	60%		Darin LaHood

Analysis

Clinton's win in Illinois was largely the result of a lopsided victory in Cook County, the state's most populous county and home of Chicago, the city where Clinton was born and raised. Trump meanwhile won most of the downstate rural counties by large margins. Many of these counties had voted for Clinton's husband in both his 1992 and 1996 presidential runs. This is also the first presidential election in history where a Republican managed to win the White House nationally without carrying any of Chicago's collar counties aside from McHenry County, which is more Republican-leaning than the other four collar counties. Illinois, along with Minnesota, was one of the only two Midwestern states not won by Donald Trump. The election marked the first time since 1988 in which Illinois did not vote the same as neighboring Wisconsin, and the first time since 1960 when the Democratic candidate won Illinois, while losing Wisconsin.

Cook County, the collar counties, and the downstate counties of Champaign and McLean were the only ones to swing towards Clinton. Knowing these statistics, if one were to subtract Cook County's total votes from the rest of Illinois, Trump would have won the state with 1,692,728 votes to Clinton's 1,478,783 votes.^{[19] [20]} Peoria County matched the national popular vote this year, as it did in the 2012 election.^[21]

Had Clinton won the election, she would have become the second president born in Illinois after Ronald Reagan. But like Reagan, both politicians jump-started their political careers in elected office elsewhere. Reagan served as Governor of California while Clinton served as a United States Senator from New York.

See also

• United States presidential elections in Illinois
• 2016 Democratic Party presidential debates and forums
• 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries
• 2016 Republican Party presidential debates and forums
• 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries
• 2016 Donald Trump Chicago rally protest

External links

• RNC 2016 Republican Nominating Process
• Green papers for 2016 primaries, caucuses, and conventions
• Decision Desk Headquarter Results for Illinois

Notes and References

1. Web site: Distribution of Electoral Votes. National Archives and Records Administration. 19 September 2019. November 25, 2020.
2. Web site: 2016 National Popular Vote Tracker . . https://web.archive.org/web/20161115050350/https://www.cookpolitical.com/story/10174 . 2016-11-15 . 2018-10-28.
3. Web site: Board of Election Commissioners for the City of Chicago . 2016-02-03 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160126210043/http://www.chicagoelections.com/en/offices-on-the-ballots.html . 2016-01-26 . dead .
4. Web site: Mastrangelo. Vito. Dr. Jill Stein Wins ILGP Presidential Preference Vote!. Illinois Green Party. Green Party of the United States. March 8, 2016. February 19, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160305184244/http://www.ilgp.org/dr_jill_stein_wins_ilgp_presidentila. March 5, 2016. dead. mdy-all.
5. Web site: Lesiak. Krzysztof. Jill Stein easily wins Illinois Green Party presidential preference vote. American Third Party Report. Independent Political Report. March 8, 2016. February 21, 2016. March 9, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160309001522/http://amthirdpartyreport.com/2016/02/21/jill-stein-easily-wins-illinois-green-party-presidential-preference-vote/. dead.
6. News: Our final map has Clinton winning with 352 electoral votes. Compare your picks with ours. . . 2016-11-06 . 2016-11-13.
7. News: Chalian . David . David Chalian. Road to 270: CNN's new election map . March 3, 2019 . . November 4, 2016.
8. Web site: 2016 Electoral Scorecard . November 7, 2016 . . en . March 3, 2019 . February 16, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170216084540/https://cookpolitical.com/presidential/charts/scorecard . dead .
9. Web site: 2016 Electoral Map Prediction . November 8, 2016 . . March 3, 2019.
10. Web site: Presidential Ratings . The Rothenberg Political Report . August 16, 2021.
11. Web site: 2016 President . Sabato . Larry J. . Larry Sabato . November 7, 2016 . . March 3, 2019.
12. Web site: 2016 Election Maps - Battle for White House. RealClearPolitics. 2016-11-13.
13. Web site: Electoral Scorecard: Map shifts again in Trump's favor, as Clinton holds edge . . 2016-11-07 . 2016-11-13.
14. Web site: Voter Turnout . www.elections.il.gov . Illinois State Board of Elections . 22 March 2020 .
15. Web site: Election Results . www.elections.il.gov . Illinois State Board of Elections . 23 March 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200222093629/https://www.elections.il.gov/ElectionOperations/ElectionVoteTotals.aspx . 22 February 2020 . dead .
16. Web site: Voter Turnout . www.elections.il.gov . Illinois State Board of Elections . 22 March 2020 .
17. News: Bump. Philip. The counties that flipped parties to swing the 2016 election. en-US. Washington Post. 2020-09-01. 0190-8286.
18. Web site: Presidential Results by Congressional District, 2000-2008 – Swing State Project. www.swingstateproject.com.
19. Web site: 2016 Presidential General Election Data - National. US Election Atlas.
20. Sullivan, Robert David; ‘How the Red and Blue Map Evolved Over the Past Century’; America Magazine in The National Catholic Review; June 29, 2016,
21. Web site: Illinois Election Results 2016: President Live Map by County, Real-Time Voting Updates. Election Hub.