United States immigration statistics explained

The 1850 United States census was the first federal U.S. census to query respondents about their "nativity" - i.e, where they were born, whether in the United States or outside of it - and is thus the first point at which solid statistics become available. The following chart, based on statistics from the U.S. Census from 1850 on,^[1] shows the numbers of non-native residents according to place of birth. Because an immigrant is counted in each census during his or her lifetime, the numbers reflect the cumulative population of living non-native residents.

Foreign born by decade

Region and Country or Area of Birth of the Foreign-Born Population, With Geographic Detail Shown in Decennial Census
Region and country or area	2000	1990	1980	1970	1960	1930	1920	1910	1900	1890	1880	1870	1860	1850
Total	31,107,889	19,767,316	14,079,906	9,619,302	9,738,091	14,204,149	13,920,692	13,515,886	10,341,276	9,249,547	6,679,943	5,567,229	4,295,510	2,244,602
Reported by region and/or country	31,107,573	18,959,158	13,192,563	9,303,570	9,678,201	14,197,553	13,911,767	13,506,272	10,330,534	9,243,535	6,675,875	5,563,637	4,134,809	2,202,625
Europe	4,915,557	4,350,403	5,149,572	5,740,891	7,256,311	11,784,010	11,916,048	11,810,115	8,881,548	8,030,347	5,751,823	4,941,049	3,807,062	2,031,867
Northern and Western Europe	2,070,446	2,058,853	2,384,257	2,629,200	3,334,971	5,850,256	6,241,916	7,306,325	7,204,649	7,288,917	5,499,889	4,845,679	3,773,347	2,022,195
Northern Europe	974,619	968,271	1,083,499	1,271,591	1,694,430	3,415,551	3,501,149	3,953,947	3,917,815	4,056,160	3,212,431	2,867,926	2,271,661	1,358,887
British Isles	834,225	809,972	866,966	937,474	1,171,777	2,147,733	2,172,723	2,573,534	2,783,082	3,122,911	2,772,169	2,626,241	2,199,079	1,340,812
United Kingdom (total)	677,715	640,145	669,149	686,099	833,055	1,402,923	(X)	(X)	(X)	(X)	(X)	(X)	(X)	(X)
Great Britain (total)	677,751	623,614	649,318	645,262	764,893	1,224,091	1,135,489	1,221,283	1,167,623	1,251,402	917,598	770,414	587,775	379,093
England	423,609	405,588	442,499	458,114	528,205	809,563	813,853	877,719	840,513	908,141	662,676	550,924	431,692	278,675
Scotland	88,445	104,168	142,001	170,134	213,219	354,323	254,570	261,076	233,524	242,231	170,136	140,835	108,518	70,550
Wales	10,948	10,638	13,528	17,014	23,469	60,205	67,066	82,488	93,586	100,079	83,302	74,533	45,763	29,868
Great Britain n.e.c.	141,572	100,000	51,290	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	951	1,484	4,122	1,802	(NA)
Northern Ireland	13,177	16,531	19,831	40,837	68,162	178,832	(X)	(X)	(X)	(X)	(X)	(X)	(X)	(X)
Ireland	156,474	169,827	197,817	251,375	338,722	744,810	1,037,234	1,352,251	1,615,459	1,871,509	1,854,571	1,855,827	1,611,304	961,719
Scandinavia	140,394	158,299	216,533	334,117	522,653	1,267,818	1,328,426	1,380,413	1,134,733	933,249	440,262	241,685	72,582	18,075
Denmark	31,422	34,999	42,732	61,410	85,060	179,474	189,154	181,649	153,690	132,543	64,196	30,107	9,962	1,838
Finland	21,408	22,313	29,172	45,499	67,624	142,478	149,824	129,680	62,641	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)
Iceland	5,553	5,071	4,156	2,895	2,780	2,764	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)
Norway	32,207	42,240	63,316	97,243	152,698	347,852	363,863	403,877	336,388	322,665	181,729	114,246	43,995	12,678
Sweden	49,724	53,676	77,157	127,070	214,491	595,250	625,585	665,207	582,014	478,041	194,337	97,332	18,625	3,559
Western Europe	1,095,847	1,090,582	1,300,758	1,357,609	1,640,541	2,434,705	2,740,767	3,352,378	3,286,834	3,232,757	2,287,458	1,977,753	1,501,686	663,308
Low Countries	130,615	132,617	142,748	155,513	173,069	206,375	207,038	172,534	127,719	107,349	86,461	65,157	37,353	11,161
Belgium	33,895	34,366	36,487	41,412	50,294	64,194	62,687	49,400	29,757	22,639	15,535	12,553	9,072	1,313
Luxembourg	2,150	2,053	3,125	3,531	4,360	9,048	12,585	3,071	3,031	2,882	12,836	5,802	(NA)	(NA)
Netherlands	94,570	96,198	103,136	110,570	118,415	133,133	131,766	120,063	94,931	81,828	58,090	46,802	28,281	9,848
Austria	63,648	87,673	145,607	214,014	304,507	370,914	575,627	626,341	275,907	123,271	38,663	30,508	25,061	946
France	151,154	119,233	120,215	105,385	111,582	135,592	153,072	117,418	104,197	113,174	106,971	116,402	109,870	54,069
Germany	706,704	711,929	849,384	832,965	989,815	1,608,814	1,686,108	2,311,237	2,663,418	2,784,894	1,966,742	1,690,533	1,276,075	583,774
Switzerland	43,106	39,130	42,804	49,732	61,568	113,010	118,659	124,848	115,593	104,069	88,621	75,153	53,327	13,358
Other Western Europe	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	263	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)
Southern and Eastern Europe	2,840,721	2,285,513	2,748,547	3,090,991	3,907,020	5,918,982	5,670,927	4,500,932	1,674,648	728,851	248,620	93,824	32,312	9,672
Southern Europe	934,665	1,054,141	1,336,805	1,363,195	1,541,441	2,133,092	1,939,600	1,544,149	539,968	216,387	66,249	30,416	21,726	8,152
Greece	165,750	177,398	210,998	177,275	159,167	174,526	175,976	101,282	8,515	1,887	776	390	328	86
Italy	473,338	580,592	831,922	1,008,533	1,256,999	1,790,429	1,610,113	1,343,125	484,027	182,580	44,230	17,157	11,677	3,679
Portugal (total)	203,119	210,122	209,968	119,899	80,276	108,775	103,976	77,634	40,376	25,735	15,650	8,973	5,477	1,274
Azores	26,559	29,656	32,531	28,865	22,586	35,611	33,995	18,274	9,768	9,739	7,512	4,431	1,361	(NA)
Portugal (main)	175,571	180,466	177,437	91,034	57,690	73,164	69,981	59,360	30,608	15,996	8,138	4,542	4,116	1,274
Spain	82,858	76,415	73,735	57,488	44,999	59,362	49,535	22,108	7,050	6,185	5,121	3,764	4,244	3,113
Other Southern Europe	(NA)	9,614	10,182	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	472	132	(NA)	(NA)
Eastern Europe	1,906,056	1,231,372	1,411,742	1,727,796	2,365,579	3,785,890	3,731,327	2,956,783	1,134,680	512,464	182,371	63,408	10,586	1,520
Albania	38,663	5,627	7,381	9,180	9,618	8,814	5,608	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)
Bulgaria	35,090	8,579	8,463	8,609	8,223	9,399	10,477	11,498	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)
Czechoslovakia (former)	83,081	87,020	112,707	160,899	227,618	491,638	362,438	219,214	156,891	118,106	85,361	40,289	(NA)	(NA)
Estonia	9,785	9,210	12,169	12,163	13,991	3,550	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)
Hungary	92,071	110,337	144,368	183,236	245,252	274,450	397,283	495,609	145,714	62,435	11,526	3,737	(NA)	(NA)
Latvia	27,232	26,179	34,349	41,707	50,681	20,673	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)
Lithuania	28,490	29,745	48,194	76,001	121,475	193,606	135,068	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)
Poland	466,742	388,328	418,128	548,107	747,750	1,268,583	1,139,979	937,884	383,407	147,440	48,557	14,436	7,298	(NA)
Romania	135,966	91,106	66,994	70,687	84,575	146,393	102,823	65,923	15,032	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)
Soviet Union (former, total)	838,809	333,725	406,022	463,462	690,598	1,153,628	1,400,495	1,184,412	423,726	182,644	35,722	4,644	3,160	1,414
Turkey in Europe	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	2,257	5,284	32,230	9,910	1,839	1,205	302	128	106
Yugoslavia (former, total)	278,314	141,516	152,967	153,745	165,798	211,416	169,439	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)
Other Eastern Europe	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	1,483	2,433	10,013	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)
Europe n.e.c.	4,370	6,037	16,768	20,700	14,320	14,772	3,205	2,858	2,251	12,579	3,314	1,546	1,403	(NA)
Asia	8,226,254	4,979,037	2,539,777	824,887	490,996	275,665	237,950	191,484	120,248	113,383	107,630	64,565	36,796	1,135
Armenia	65,280	(X)	(X)	(X)	(X)	32,166	36,628	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)
China	988,857	529,837	286,120	172,132	99,735	46,129	43,560	56,756	81,534	106,688	104,468	63,042	35,565	758
India	1,022,552	450,406	206,087	51,000	12,296	5,850	4,901	4,664	2,031	2,143	1,707	586	(NA)	(NA)
Japan	347,539	290,128	221,794	120,235	109,175	70,993	81,502	67,744	24,788	2,292	401	73	(NA)	(NA)
Israel	(NA)	21,070	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	6,137	3,203	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)
Syria	54,561	36,782	22,081	14,962	16,717	57,227	51,901	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)
Turkey in Asia	78,378	55,087	51,915	48,085	52,228	46,654	11,019	59,729	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)
Other Asia	(NA)	3,595,727	1,751,780	418,473	200,845	10,509	5,236	2,591	11,895	2,260	1,054	864	1,231	377
Africa	881,300	363,819	199,723	80,143	35,355	18,326	16,126	3,992	2,538	2,207	2,204	2,657	526	551
Africa excl. Atlantic Islands	(NA)	349,451	189,266	61,463	27,053	8,859	5,781	3,992	2,538	2,207	2,204	2,657	526	551
Atlantic Islands	(NA)	14,368	10,457	18,680	8,302	9,467	10,345	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)
Oceania	168,046	104,145	77,577	41,258	34,730	17,343	14,626	11,450	8,820	9,353	6,859	4,028	2,140	588
Australia	60,965	42,267	36,120	24,271	22,209	12,816	10,914	9,035	6,807	5,984	4,906	3,118	1,419	(NA)
Sandwich Islands (Hawaii)	(X)	(X)	(X)	(X)	(X)	(X)	(X)	(X)	(X)	1,304	1,147	584	435	588
Other Oceania	61,878	41,457	16,987	12,521	4,527	3,712	2,415	2,013	2,065	806	326	286	(NA)
Latin America	16,086,974	8,407,837	4,372,487	1,803,970	908,309	791,840	588,843	279,514	137,458	107,307	90,073	57,871	38,315	20,773
Caribbean	2,953,066	1,938,348	1,258,363	675,108	193,922	106,241	78,962	47,635	25,435	23,256	16,401	11,570	7,353	5,772
Cuba	872,716	736,971	607,814	439,048	79,150	18,493	14,872	15,133	11,081	(NA)	6,917	5,319	(NA)	(NA)
Other Caribbean	(NA)	1,201,377	650,549	236,060	114,772	87,748	64,090	32,502	14,354	(NA)	9,484	6,251	(NA)	(NA)
Central America	11,203,673	5,431,992	2,553,113	873,624	624,851	651,976	491,330	223,651	107,290	79,045	69,106	42,736	27,699	13,458
Mexico	9,177,487	4,298,014	2,199,221	759,711	575,902	641,462	486,418	221,915	103,393	77,853	68,399	42,435	27,466	13,317
Other Central America	2,026,150	1,133,978	353,892	113,913	48,949	10,514	4,912	1,736	3,897	1,192	707	301	233	141
South America	1,930,271	1,037,497	561,011	255,238	89,536	33,623	18,551	8,228	4,733	5,006	4,566	3,565	3,263	1,543
Northern America	829,442	753,917	853,427	812,421	952,500	1,310,369	1,138,174	1,209,717	1,179,922	980,938	717,286	493,467	249,970	147,711
Canada	820,771	744,830	842,859	812,421	952,500	1,310,369	1,138,174	1,209,717	1,179,922	980,938	717,157	493,464	249,970	147,711
Canada-French	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	370,852	307,786	385,083	395,126	302,496	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)
Canada-Other	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	915,537	817,139	819,554	784,796	678,442	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)
Newfoundland	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	23,980	13,249	5,080	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)
Other Northern America	8,671	9,087	10,568	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	129	3	(NA)	(NA)
Region or country not reported	316	808,158	887,343	315,732	59,890	6,596	8,925	9,614	10,742	6,012	4,068	3,592	3,888	41,977
Born at sea	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	5,008	5,336	6,927	8,196	5,533	4,068	2,638	2,522	(NA)
Not reported	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	1,588	3,589	2,687	2,546	479	(NA)	954	1,366	41,977

(NA) Not available.
n.e.c. Not elsewhere classified.
1/ Prior to 1980, Taiwan included with China.

Persons getting permanent resident status

By year

This table gives the number of people who got permanent resident status in the United States by year from 2000 to 2022. Includes those who are "lawful permanent residents" only in this table.^[2]

Year	Total #
2022	1,018,349
2021	740,002
2020	707,362
2019	1,031,765
2018	1,096,611
2017	1,127,167
2016	1,183,505
2015	1,051,031
2014	1,016,518
2013	990,553
2012	1,031,631
2011	1,062,040
2010	1,042,625
2009	1,130,818
2008	1,107,126
2007	1,052,415
2006	1,266,129
2005	1,122,257
2004	957,883
2003	703,542
2002	1,059,356
2001	1,058,902
2000	841,002

By country of birth

This table counts the number of people who got legal residence status by country of the world in 2021 & 2022 based on which country they last resided in. Does not include the United States. This table is not based on age or sex. Includes those who are "lawful permanent residents" only in this table. Source: ^[3]

Country	2021	2022
Afghanistan	9,488	14,193
Albania	2,612	5,945
Algeria	1,898	3,125
Angola	208	453
Anguilla	11	19
Antigua and Barbuda	201	280
Argentina	3,248	4,128
Armenia	1,833	3,037
Aruba	28	46
Australia	2,682	2,859
Austria	359	344
Azerbaijan	545	1,129
Bahamas	997	767
Bahrain	151	163
Bangladesh	6,405	10,858
Barbados	269	306
Belarus	1,435	2,172
Belgium	601	552
Belize	670	591
Benin	467	721
Bermuda	71	65
Bhutan	137	209
Bolivia	1,121	1,621
Bosnia and Herzegovina	478	506
Botswana	58	58
Brazil	18,351	24,169
Brunei	24	23
Bulgaria	1,000	1,151
Burkina Faso	551	814
Burma	2,143	2,879
Burundi	730	788
Cabo Verde	941	1,119
Cambodia	1,762	3,400
Cameroon	3,578	5,879
Canada	9,978	11,317
Cayman Islands	58	40
Central African Republic	151	135
Chad	100	174
Chile	1,632	1,747
People's Republic of China (China)	49,847	67,950
Colombia	15,293	21,723
Comoros	4	NA
Democratic Republic of the Congo	3,906	4,688
Republic of the Congo	219	527
Costa Rica	1,991	2,167
Cote d'Ivoire	1,207	1,559
Croatia	294	259
Cuba	23,077	36,642
Curacao	29	35
Cyprus	102	90
Czechia	496	474
Czechoslovakia (formerly)	48	63
Denmark	322	374
Djibouti	111	154
Dominica	279	455
Dominican Republic	24,553	40,152
Ecuador	7,532	11,910
Egypt	4,396	8,348
El Salvador	18,668	30,876
Equatorial Guinea	29	52
Eritrea	1,304	1,760
Estonia	140	118
Eswatini	28	22
Ethiopia	3,706	5,720
Fiji	419	1,124
Finland	324	288
France	4,107	4,351
French Polynesia	12	51
Gabon	123	125
Gambia	778	1,010
Georgia	1,239	2,303
Germany	3,900	4,088
Ghana	3,939	5,451
Greece	842	918
Grenada	370	449
Guatemala	8,904	16,990
Guinea	745	1,365
Guinea-Bissau	23	40
Guyana	3,435	3,455
Haiti	11,456	10,432
Honduras	10,116	17,099
Hong Kong	1,334	2,301
Hungary	730	840
Iceland	83	68
India	93,450	127,012
Indonesia	1,588	1,752
Iran	5,734	9,407
Iraq	1,726	2,797
Ireland	1,364	1,366
Israel	3,103	3,439
Italy	3,069	3,477
Jamaica	13,357	16,482
Japan	3,960	4,184
Jordan	3,416	4,779
Kazakhstan	1,330	1,787
Kenya	3,088	5,014
North Korea	20	22
South Korea	12,351	16,172
Kosovo	562	853
Kuwait	916	1,116
Kyrgyzstan	710	1,637
Laos	349	621
Latvia	258	253
Lebanon	2,253	3,434
Lesotho	14	13
Liberia	2,504	2,412
Libya	409	709
Lithuania	487	506
Luxembourg	32	30
Macau	46	62
Madagascar	84	97
Malawi	167	179
Malaysia	1,605	1,573
Maldives	4	NA
Mali	378	481
Malta	23	30
Marshall Islands	12	15
Mauritania	144	326
Mauritius	65	85
Mexico	107,230	138,772
Federated States of Micronesia	10	21
Moldova	1,052	1,499
Monaco	7	7
Mongolia	762	1,005
Montenegro	266	324
Montserrat	13	10
Morocco	3,819	4,756
Mozambique	48	66
Namibia	75	50
Nepal	7,309	12,010
Netherlands	1,009	972
Dutch Antilles (formerly)	14	14
New Zealand	665	650
Nicaragua	4,220	3,754
Niger	182	199
Nigeria	13,100	12,385
North Macedonia	745	979
Norway	226	279
Oman	154	210
Pakistan	9,691	11,777
Palau	10	7
Panama	844	952
Papua New Guinea	20	26
Paraguay	356	375
Peru	5,044	8,035
Philippines	27,511	35,998
Poland	2,970	3,192
Portugal	750	746
Qatar	323	430
Romania	1,846	1,827
Russia	5,525	8,906
Rwanda	784	1,540
Saint Kitts and Nevis	113	143
Saint Lucia	457	628
Saint Martin (French)	9	15
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	228	317
Samoa	130	139
Sao Tome and Principe	NA	15
Saudi Arabia	1,780	2,764
Senegal	962	1,253
Serbia	810	636
Serbia and Montenegro (formerly)	403	544
Seychelles	NA	14
Sierra Leone	1,227	2,323
Singapore	799	971
Sint Maarten	24	44
Slovakia	311	324
Slovenia	87	90
Somalia	961	1,042
South Africa	2,716	3,535
South Sudan	69	100
Soviet Union (formerly)	1,082	1,236
Spain	2,644	2,865
Sri Lanka	1,232	2,572
Sudan	871	1,371
Suriname	117	106
Sweden	788	751
Switzerland	614	614
Syria	1,748	3,248
Taiwan	4,246	5,091
Tajikistan	538	951
Tanzania	1,438	1,643
Thailand	4,037	4,632
Togo	1,143	1,887
Tonga	171	213
Trinidad and Tobago	1,852	2,435
Tunisia	514	569
Turkey	4,465	7,001
Turkmenistan	161	942
Turks and Caicos	53	45
Uganda	1,146	1,620
Ukraine	7,578	11,621
United Arab Emirates	1,332	1,960
United Kingdom	9,229	9,143
Uruguay	830	731
Uzbekistan	990	4,979
Venezuela	14,412	21,025
Vietnam	16,312	24,425
British Virgin Islands	39	45
Yemen	4,345	5,648
Zambia	361	365
Zimbabwe	737	1,433
Unknown	1,011	1,392
Other countries	29	53

Illegal /unauthorized immigrants

In 2022, the United States Department of Homeland Security estimated the number of illegal immigrants or unauthorized immigrants to be 11,990,000 people.^[4]

By country by year

The table below lists the estimated number of illegal immigrants for the top 10 countries with the largest estimated number by country of birth and year in the thousands. There is no national census done on the legality of being in the United States of those born abroad. No data is available for 2001-2004 and 2020 while for 2010, 2015 and 2018 this table has the revised number. Source:

Country	2000	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2022
Mexico	4,680	5,970	6,570	6,980	7,030	6,650	6,830	6,800	6,720	6,450	6,450	6,200	5,970	5,860	5,540	5,350	4,970	4,810
Guatemala	290	370	430	500	430	480	520	520	560	590	620	600	610	610	620	670	780	750
El Salvador	430	470	510	540	570	530	670	660	690	690	670	720	750	750	730	750	750	710
Honduras	160	180	280	280	300	320	380	380	360	390	390	420	430	500	450	450	550	560
Philippines	200	210	280	290	300	270	290	270	310	340	330	350	410	300	370	360	340	350
Venezuela	NA	NA	NA	60	50	50	50	50	60	50	40	80	100	120	190	220	260	320
Colombia	100	110	140	130	100	110	120	130	130	160	130	130	140	130	210	190	190	240
Brazil	100	170	210	190	180	150	150	150	130	110	110	100	110	150	190	180	190	230
India	120	280	210	220	160	200	270	240	260	320	390	450	560	490	480	390	340	220
China	190	230	170	290	220	120	300	280	210	190	230	320	420	410	390	330	270	210
Other countries	2,180	2,500	2,510	2,290	2,240	1,880	2,020	2,030	2,010	1,920	2,090	2,080	2,260	2,090	2,400	2,220	1,870	2,600

By state by year

This table lists the number of estimated illegal immigrants by state by year with the top ten highest estimated population of them regardless of which country they come from. No data is available for 2021. Source: ^[5]

State	2018	2019	2020	2022
California	2,640,000	2,620,000	2,410,000	2,600,000
Texas	1,950,000	1,950,000	1,900,000	2,060,000
Florida	680,000	650,000	610,000	590,000
New Jersey	460,000	390,000	400,000	490,000
Illinois	460,000	440,000	370,000	420,000
New York (state)	600,000	510,000	370,000	410,000
North Carolina	360,000	340,000	360,000	360,000
Georgia	390,000	360,000	360,000	340,000
Washington (state)	310,000	330,000	340,000	340,000
Arizona	340,000	330,000	340,000	290,000
Other/unknown	3,380,000	3,200,000	3,040,000	3,090,000
Total	11,570,000	11,110,000	10,510,000	10,990,000

Notes and References

The statistics through 1990 are taken from Table 4, "Region and Country or Area of Birth of the Foreign-Born Population, With Geographic Detail Shown in Decennial Census Publications of 1930 or Earlier: 1850 to 1930 and 1960 to 1990", in: Gibson, Campbell J.; Lennon, Emily (February 1999). "Historical Census Statistics on the Foreign-born Population of the United States: 1850-1990". Population Division, US Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC. Retrieved 2017-06-11.
Book: 2022 Yearbook of Immigration Statistics . United States Department of Homeland Security: Office of Homeland Security Statistics . 2023 . 5 . PDF . June 28, 2024.
Book: 2022 Yearbook of Immigration . United States Department of Homeland Security . 12-15 . July 30, 2024.
Book: Baker, Bryan . Estimates of the Unauthorized Immigrant Population Residing in the United States: January 2018–January 2022 . Warren . Robert . April 2024 . United States Department of Homeland Security: Office of Homeland Security Statistics.
Book: Baker, Bryan . Estimates of the Unauthorized Immigrant Population Residing in the United States: January 2018–January 2022 . Warren . Robert . Office of Homeland Security Statistics . 2024 . 7 . PDF.