| Year: | 1930 |
| Type: | Midterm elections |
| Election Day: | November 4 |
| Next Congress: | 72nd |
| Incumbent President: | Herbert Hoover (Republican) |
| Senate Seats Contested: | 35 of 96 seats (32 Class 2 seats + 7 special elections)[1] |
| Senate Control: | Republican hold |
| Senate Net Change: | Democratic +8[2] |
| Senate Map Caption: | 1930 Senate election results |
| House Seats Contested: | All 435 voting seats |
| House Control: | Democratic gain[3] |
| House Net Change: | Democratic +52 |
| House Pv Margin: | Republican +8.5% |
| Governor Seats Contested: | 33 |
| Governor Net Change: | Democratic +7 |
| Governor Map Caption: | 1930 gubernatorial election results |
The 1930 United States elections were held on November 4, 1930, in the middle of Republican President Herbert Hoover's term. Taking place shortly after the start of the Great Depression, the Republican Party suffered substantial losses. The election was the last of the Fourth Party System, and marked the first time since 1918 that Democrats controlled either chamber of Congress.[4] [5]
The Republicans lost fifty-two seats to the Democratic Party in the House of Representatives. While the Republicans maintained a one-seat majority after the polls closed, they lost a number of special elections (since some Republican members died) before the start of the new Congress. This allowed the Democrats to take control of the chamber.[4]
The Republicans also lost eight seats to the Democrats in the U.S. Senate, but were able to narrowly maintain control.[6]
The election was a victory for progressives of both parties, as Republicans closely aligned with Hoover lost several Congressional elections. Additionally, New York Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt's landslide re-election established him as the front-runner for the 1932 Democratic nomination.[7]