United States at the 2022 Winter Olympics explained

Noc:USA
Nocname:United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee
Games:Winter Olympics
Year:2022
Flagcaption:Flag of the United States
Website:www.teamusa.org
Location:Beijing, China
Date:February 4–20, 2022
Competitors:224
Competitors Men:116
Competitors Women:108
Sports:15
Flagbearer Open:John Shuster
Brittany Bowe
Flagbearer Close:Elana Meyers Taylor
Rank:3
Gold:9
Silver:9
Bronze:7
Appearances:auto

The United States competed at the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, China, from February 4 to 20, 2022.[1] [2]

On January 24, 2022, the United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee named a team of 224 athletes.[3] Curler John Shuster and speed skater Brittany Bowe were named U.S. flagbearers for the opening ceremony. Bobsledder Elana Meyers Taylor was named flagbearer for the closing ceremony.[4]

The United States won nine gold and 25 medals overall at the 2022 Winter Olympics, finishing third in the medal standings, an improvement from fourth in the previous two Winter Olympics and matching the gold medal totals from the four previous Games. Notable successes included Jessie Diggins becoming the first American female skier to win individual cross-country medals, figure skater Nathan Chen breaking the short program world record en route to the Olympic gold medal in the men's singles, Erin Jackson becoming the first black female athlete to win speed skating gold, and Chloe Kim defending her title in the snowboarding women's halfpipe. Veteran snowboarder Lindsey Jacobellis, who last medaled at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, was the only U.S. athlete with multiple gold medals, winning the women's snowboard cross event, and sharing the gold with teammate Nick Baumgartner in the mixed snowboard cross event. Kaillie Humphries won Gold in Women’s Monobob. This was her first Gold medal for Team USA, previously with Team Canada where she won 2 Golds and a Bronze. The bobsled discipline made its debut at the 2022 Winter Games.

Medalists

The following U.S. competitors won medals at the games. In the by discipline sections below, medalists' names are bolded.

MedalNameSportEventDate

Karen Chen
Nathan Chen
Madison Chock
Zachary Donohue
Brandon Frazier
Madison Hubbell
Alexa Knierim
Vincent Zhou
Figure skatingTeam event
SnowboardingWomen's snowboard cross
Figure skatingMen's singles

Christopher Lillis
Justin Schoenefeld
Freestyle skiingMixed team aerials
SnowboardingWomen's halfpipe

Lindsey Jacobellis
SnowboardingMixed team snowboard cross
Speed skatingWomen's 500 m
BobsleighWomen's monobob
Freestyle skiingMen's slopestyle
Freestyle skiingWomen's moguls
SnowboardingWomen's slopestyle
Alpine skiingMen's super-G
Freestyle skiingMen's big air
BobsleighWomen's monobob
Freestyle skiingMen's slopestyle

Ice hockeyWomen's tournament
Freestyle skiingMen's halfpipe
Cross-country skiingWomen's 30 km freestyle
Cross-country skiingWomen's sprint

Madison Hubbell
Figure skatingIce dance
Freestyle skiingWomen's aerials

Casey Dawson
Emery Lehman
Joey Mantia
Speed skatingMen's team pursuit
Speed skatingWomen's 1000 m

Elana Meyers Taylor
BobsleighTwo-woman
Freestyle skiingMen's halfpipe
- Athletes that competed in preliminary/qualification rounds but not final round.
Medals by sport
SportTotal
Snowboarding3104
Freestyle skiing2428
Figure skating2013
Bobsleigh1113
Speed skating1023
Cross-country skiing0112
Alpine skiing0101
Ice hockey0101
Totalstyle=background:gold9style=background:silver9style=background:#c96725
Medals by date
DayDateTotal
1February 50000
2February 60202
3February 71001
4February 80112
5February 91102
6February 103003
7February 110000
8February 121001
9February 131001
10February 141124
11February 150011
12February 161102
13February 170112
14February 180000
15February 190123
16February 200101
Totalstyle=background:gold9style=background:silver9style=background:#c96725
Medals by gender
GenderTotalPercentage
Female4541352.0%
Male242832.0%
Mixed301416.0%
Totalstyle=background:gold9style=background:silver9style=background:#c96725100%
Multiple medalists
NameSportTotal
Lindsey JacobellisSnowboarding2002
Nathan ChenFigure skating2002
Madison HubbellFigure skating1012
Zachary DonohueFigure skating1012
Elana Meyers TaylorBobsleigh0112
Jessie Diggins0112

Competitors

The following is the list of number of competitors participating at the Games per sport.

width=180Sportwidth=55Menwidth=55Womenwidth=55Total
Alpine skiing6 11 17
Biathlon4 4 8
Bobsleigh8 4 12
Cross-country skiing6 8 14
Curling5 6 11
Figure skating8 8 16
Freestyle skiing16 16 32
Ice hockey25 23 48
Luge5 3 8
Nordic combined5 5
Short track speed skating2 5 7
Skeleton1 2 3
Ski jumping4 1 5
Snowboarding14 12 26
Speed skating7 5 12
Total116 108 224

Alpine skiing

See main article: article, Alpine skiing at the 2022 Winter Olympics and Alpine skiing at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Qualification. The United States qualified a team of six men and 12 women.[5]

The most decorated skier on the U.S. side was Mikaela Shiffrin, who was favored to win gold in several of the six events she was planning to compete in (especially slalom and giant slalom). However, she uncharacteristically crashed out of those races and then finished ninth in the super-G.[6] [7] In the remaining events, Shiffrin did not win a medal.

Nina O'Brien badly fractured her leg and was hospitalized.[8] Top U.S. downhiller Breezy Johnson also qualified for the team, but had to withdraw due to a knee injury sustained in January.[9]

Men

AthleteEventRun 1Run 2Total
TimeRankTimeRankTimeRank
Bryce Bennettalign=left rowspan=3Downhill1:44.2519
Ryan Cochran-Siegle1:43.9114
Travis Ganong1:44.3920
Bryce Bennettalign=left rowspan=4Super-G1:21.8017
Ryan Cochran-Siegle1:19.98
Travis Ganong1:21.3712
River Radamus1:21.6315
Ryan Cochran-Sieglealign=left rowspan=4Giant slalom
Tommy Ford1:05.07191:07.3472:12.4112
River Radamus1:03.7991:07.1652:10.954
Luke Winters
Luke WintersSlalom

Women

AthleteEventRun 1Run 2Total
TimeRankTimeRankTimeRank
Keely Cashmanalign=left rowspan=4Downhill1:34.1317
Mikaela Shiffrin1:34.3618
Jacqueline Wiles1:34.6021
Alix Wilkinson
Keely Cashmanalign=left rowspan=4Super-G1:15.9927
Mikaela Shiffrin1:14.309
Alix Wilkinson
Isabella Wright1:15.3721
Keely Cashmanalign=left rowspan=4Combined1:33.097
Tricia Mangan1:35.89=2057.05=82:32.9411
Mikaela Shiffrin1:32.985
Isabella Wright1:33.7215
AJ Hurtalign=left rowspan=4Giant slalom
Paula Moltzan59.571758.50121:58.07=12
Nina O'Brien58.616
Mikaela Shiffrin
Katie Hensienalign=left rowspan=4Slalom55.433153.88231:49.3126
AJ Hurt56.684055.51341:52.1934
Paula Moltzan52.79653.39201:46.188
Mikaela Shiffrin

Mixed

Biathlon

See main article: article, Biathlon at the 2022 Winter Olympics and Biathlon at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Qualification.

The United States qualified a team of four men and four women.

Men

AthleteEventTimeMissesRank
Jake Brownalign=left rowspan=4Sprint26:04.70+236
Sean Doherty26:35.21+347
Leif Nordgren27:31.80+383
Paul Schommer27:13.31+374
Jake Brownalign=left rowspan=2Pursuit45:14.13+1+2+040
Sean Doherty45:38.81+1+3+243
Jake Brownalign=left rowspan=4Individual52:45.40+0+2+028
Sean Doherty53:55.81+1+1+142
Leif Nordgren59:29.82+2+1+287
Paul Schommer53:27.60+1+0+235
Jake Brown
Sean Doherty
Leif Nordgren
Paul Schommer
Relay1:25:33.03+1313

Women

AthleteEventTimeMissesRank
Susan Dunkleealign=left rowspan=4Sprint22:39.50+027
Clare Egan23:16.41+246
Deedra Irwin23:10.10+237
Joanne Reid22:54.90+234
Susan Dunkleealign=left rowspan=4Pursuit40:18.90+0+2+140
Clare Egan40:17.00+0+2+238
Deedra Irwin41:01.00+0+1+347
Joanne Reid39:06.70+0+0+329
Susan Dunkleealign=left rowspan=4Individual51:46.01+1+0+263
Clare Egan49:08.91+0+3+139
Deedra Irwin45:14.10+0+0+17
Joanne Reid51:06.30+3+0+257
Deedra IrwinMass start43:42.11+3+1+123
Susan Dunklee
Clare Egan
Deedra Irwin
Joanne Reid
Relay1:15:51.32+911

Mixed

Bobsleigh (bobsled)

See main article: article, Bobsleigh at the 2022 Winter Olympics and Bobsleigh at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Qualification.

The United States qualified two sleds each in all four events over the course of the 2021–22 Bobsleigh World Cup.

Men

AthleteEventRun 1Run 2Run 3Run 4Total
TimeRankTimeRankTimeRankTimeRankTimeRank
Hunter Church align=left rowspan=2Two-man1:00.38251:01.40301:00.5325Did not advance3:02.3127
Hakeem Abdul-Saboor
Frank Del Duca
59.87131:00.221559.86111:00.15124:00.1013
Hunter Church align=left rowspan=2Four-man58.911159.701958.96859.49133:57.0610
Hakeem Abdul-Saboor
Frank Del Duca
59.261459.561559.391759.4493:57.6513

Women

AthleteEventRun 1Run 2Run 3Run 4Total
TimeRankTimeRankTimeRankTimeRankTimeRank
Kaillie Humphriesalign=left rowspan=2Monobob1:04.4411:04.6611:04.8711:05.3034:19.27
Elana Meyers Taylor1:05.1231:05.3031:05.2831:05.1114:20.81
Kaillie Humphries align=left rowspan=2Two-Woman1:01.4141:01.9791:01.7561:01.9184:07.047
Sylvia Hoffman
Elana Meyers Taylor
1:01.2631:01.5331:01.1331:01.5634:05.48

Cross-country skiing

See main article: Cross-country skiing at the 2022 Winter Olympics and Cross-country skiing at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Qualification. The United States qualified six male and eight female cross-country skiers.[10]

Distance
Men

AthleteEventClassicalFreestyleTotal
TimeRankTimeRankTimeRank
Ben Ogdenalign=left rowspan=415 km classical41:29.842
Scott Patterson41:23.138
JC Schoonmaker43:31.666
Gus Schumacher41:53.448
Scott Pattersonalign=left rowspan=230 km skiathlon41:17.41938:18.941:20:10.011
Gus Schumacher42:26.33842:16.6441:25:14.339
Scott Patterson30 km freestyle[11] 1:12:06.68
Kevin Bolger
Luke Jager
Scott Patterson
Gus Schumacher
4 × 10 km relay2:02:56.39

Women

AthleteEventClassicalFreestyleTotal
TimeRankTimeRankTimeRank
Rosie Brennanalign=left rowspan=410 km classical29:28.613
Jessie Diggins29:15.18
Novie McCabe30:34.924
Hailey Swirbul31:05.332
Rosie Brennanalign=left rowspan=415 km skiathlon23:32.01322:48.81547:05.414
Jessie Diggins23:26.41121:01.8145:04.26
Julia Kern26:31.75324:53.75552:05.553
Hailey Swirbul24:17.62224:45.25449:42.540
Rosie Brennanalign=left rowspan=430 km freestyle1:27:32.76
Jessie Diggins1:26:37.3
Sophia Laukli1:31:21.215
Novie McCabe1:31:22.518
Rosie Brennan
Jessie Diggins
Novie McCabe
Hailey Swirbul
4 × 5 km relay55:09.26

Sprint
Men

AthleteEventQualificationQuarterfinalSemifinalFinal
TimeRankTimeRankTimeRankTimeRank
Kevin Bolgeralign=left rowspan=4Sprint2:52.5022 Q2:58.544Did not advance17
Luke Jager2:54.4430 Q2:59.145Did not advance25
Ben Ogden2:52.2119 Q2:53.004 q2:53.416Did not advance12
JC Schoonmaker2:51.1513 Q2:58.133Did not advance15
Ben Ogden
JC Schoonmaker
Team sprint20:11.426 q20:28.079
Qualification legend: Q - Qualify based on position in heat; q - Qualify based on time in field

Women

AthleteEventQualificationQuarterfinalSemifinalFinal
TimeRankTimeRankTimeRankTimeRank
Rosie Brennanalign=left rowspan=4Sprint3:14.832 Q3:17.902 Q3:13.294 q3:14.174
Jessie Diggins3:17.725 Q3:16.301 Q3:15.632 Q3:12.84
Hannah Halvorsen3:29.1343Did not advance
Julia Kern3:20.6914 Q3:21.684Did not advance18
Rosie Brennan
Jessie Diggins
Team sprint23:06.12 Q22:22.75
Qualification legend: Q - Qualify based on position in heat; q - Qualify based on time in field

Curling

See main article: Curling at the 2022 Winter Olympics and Curling at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Qualification.

Summary

TeamEventGroup stageSemifinalFinal /
Opposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Opposition
Score
RankOpposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Rank
John Shuster
Chris Plys
Matt Hamilton
John Landsteiner
Colin Hufman
Men's tournament
W 6–5

L 4–7

W 9–7

L 6–7

L 5–10

W 8–6

W 7–4

L 4–10

W 7–5
4 Q
L 4–8

L 5–8
4
Tabitha Peterson
Nina Roth
Becca Hamilton
Tara Peterson
Aileen Geving
Women's tournament
W 9–3

W 7–5

W 8–4

L 5–10

L 4–10

W 8–6

L 6–9

L 6–7

L 7–10
6Did not advance
Vicky Persinger
Chris Plys
Mixed doubles tournament
W 6–5

L 4–8

L 6–11

W 8–7

W 7–5

L 2–7

L 8–10

L 5–6

L 4–8
8Did not advance

Men's tournament

See main article: Curling at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Men's tournament. The United States qualified their men's team (five athletes), by finishing in the top six teams in the 2021 World Men's Curling Championship.[12] Team John Shuster qualified as United States representatives by winning the 2021 United States Olympic Curling Trials, defeating Korey Dropkin 2–1 in the best-of-three final.[13]

Round robin
The United States had a bye in draws 4, 8, and 11.[14] Draw 1
Wednesday, February 9, 20:05Draw 2
Thursday, February 10, 14:05Draw 3
Friday, February 11, 9:05Draw 5
Saturday, February 12, 14:05Draw 6
Sunday, February 13, 9:05Draw 7
Sunday, February 13, 20:05Draw 9
Tuesday, February 15, 9:05Draw 10
Tuesday, February 16, 20:05Draw 12
Thursday, February 17, 9:05Semifinal
Thursday, February 17, 20:05Bronze medal game
Friday, February 18, 14:05

Women's tournament

See main article: Curling at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Women's tournament. The United States qualified their women's team (five athletes), by finishing in the top six teams in the 2021 World Women's Curling Championship.[15] Team Tabitha Peterson qualified as United States representatives by winning the 2021 United States Olympic Curling Trials, defeating Cory Christensen 2–0 in the best-of-three final.[16]

Round robin
The United States had a bye in draws 4, 8, and 12.[14] Draw 1
Thursday, February 10, 9:05Draw 2
Thursday, February 10, 20:05Draw 3
Friday, February 11, 14:05Draw 5
Saturday, February 12, 20:05Draw 6
Sunday, February 13, 14:05Draw 7
Monday, February 14, 9:05Draw 9
Tuesday, February 15, 14:05Draw 10
Wednesday, February 16, 9:05Draw 11
Wednesday, February 16, 20:05

Mixed doubles tournament

See main article: Curling at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Mixed doubles tournament. The United States qualified their mixed doubles team (two athletes), by finishing in the top two teams in the 2021 Olympic Qualification Event.[17] Vicky Persinger and Chris Plys qualified as the United States representatives by winning the 2021 United States Mixed Doubles Curling Olympic Trials, defeating Jamie Sinclair and Rich Ruohonen 7–6 in the final.[18]

Round robin
The United States had a bye in draws 4, 5, 7, and 11.[14] Draw 1
Wednesday, February 2, 20:05Draw 2
Thursday, February 3, 9:05Draw 3
Thursday, February 3, 14:05Draw 6
Friday, February 4, 13:35Draw 8
Saturday, February 5, 14:05Draw 9
Saturday, February 5, 20:05Draw 10
Sunday, February 6, 9:05Draw 12
Sunday, February 6, 20:05Draw 13
Monday, February 7, 9:05

Figure skating

See main article: article, Figure skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics and Figure skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Qualification. In the 2021 World Figure Skating Championships in Stockholm, Sweden, the United States secured two quotas in the men's, ladies', and pairs competitions, and three quotas in the ice dance competition.[19] Third quotas for men's and ladies' were secured at the 2021 CS Nebelhorn Trophy.

Vincent Zhou withdrew from the men's singles event due to a positive COVID-19 test.[20]

The U.S. won silver medals in the team event, which were not awarded at the Olympics due to pending investigation into a Russian doping scandal involving gold medalist Kamila Valieva. The investigation was still ongoing as of 2023,[21] with the final decision announced in early 2024. The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) disqualified Valieva and recommended the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to upgrade the U.S. team to gold, which it did, bringing the country's gold medal tally to nine.[22]

Individual

AthleteEventTotal
PointsRankPointsRankPointsRank
Jason Brownalign=left rowspan=3Men's singles97.246 Q184.006281.246
Nathan Chen113.97 WR1 Q218.631332.60
Vincent ZhouDid not advance
Mariah Bellalign=left rowspan=3Women's singles65.3810 Q136.927202.309
Karen Chen64.1112 Q115.8216179.9415
Alysa Liu69.507 Q139.456208.956

Mixed

AthleteEvent / / Total
PointsRankPointsRankPointsRank
Ashley Cain-Gribble
Timothy LeDuc
align=left rowspan=2Pairs74.137 Q123.929198.058
Alexa Knierim
Brandon Frazier
74.236 Q138.457212.686
Madison Chock
Evan Bates
align=left rowspan=3Ice dance84.144 Q130.634214.774
Kaitlin Hawayek
Jean-Luc Baker
74.5811 Q115.1610189.7411
Madison Hubbell
Zachary Donohue
87.133 Q130.893218.02

Team

Freestyle skiing

See main article: Freestyle skiing at the 2022 Winter Olympics and Freestyle skiing at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Qualification. The United States qualified a full team of 16 men and 16 women as well as a position in the mixed team aerials event.

Aerials
Men

AthleteEventQualificationFinal
Jump 1Jump 2Jump 1Jump 2
PointsRankPointsRankPointsRankPointsRank
Christopher Lillisalign=left rowspan=3Aerials119.916 Q125.673 Q103.006
Eric Loughran121.244 Q111.9512Did not advance
Justin Schoenefeld118.598105.885 Q123.536 Q106.505

Women

AthleteEventQualificationFinal
Jump 1Jump 2Jump 1Jump 2
PointsRankPointsRankPointsRankPointsRank
Ashley Caldwellalign=left rowspan=4Aerials101.312 Q105.601 Q83.714
Kalia Kuhn84.24886.623 Q85.688Did not advance
Megan Nick89.18789.182 Q95.175 Q93.76
Winter Vinecki78.961378.969Did not advance15

Mixed

Freeskiing
Men

AthleteEventQualificationFinal
Run 1Run 2Run 3RankRun 1Run 2Run 3Rank
Mac Forehandalign=left rowspan=4Big air77.7592.0079.00171.008 Q60.7519.5042.0080.2511
Nick Goepper78.2549.5021.75127.7522Did not advance
Alex Hall87.0090.7589.50180.252 Q68.2592.5027.00160.758
Colby Stevenson83.7590.5056.00174.255 Q34.7591.7591.25183.00
Aaron Blunckalign=left rowspan=4Halfpipe26.2592.0092.001 Q70.2578.2513.5078.257
Alex Ferreira84.2569.5084.257 Q86.7583.7567.7586.75
Birk Irving83.2589.7589.753 Q80.0032.5048.0080.005
David Wise88.7589.0089.004 Q90.757.7540.0090.75
Mac Forehandalign=left rowspan=4Slopestyle51.2137.8051.2120Did not advance
Nick Goepper82.5180.2382.513 Q45.7586.4853.4586.48
Alex Hall79.1340.6079.135 Q90.0186.3831.4190.01
Colby Stevenson78.0135.8078.016 Q74.4841.7355.1874.487

Women

AthleteEventQualificationFinal
Run 1Run 2Run 3RankRun 1Run 2Run 3Rank
Caroline Clairealign=left rowspan=4Big air20.0017.2520.0024Did not advance
Marin Hamill61.5066.0066.25132.2514Did not advance
Darian Stevens84.7510.0067.25152.008 Q56.7550.7518.2575.0011
Maggie Voisin16.2560.0068.00128.0015Did not advance
Hanna Faulhaberalign=left rowspan=4Halfpipe84.2582.0084.259 Q85.2584.5019.0085.256
Devin Logan71.0062.0071.0013Did not advance
Carly Margulies79.0082.2582.2510 Q24.751.7561.0061.0011
Brita Sigourney80.5084.5084.508 Q70.7560.0012.2570.7510
Caroline Clairealign=left rowspan=4SlopestyleDid not advance
Marin Hamill69.4337.3669.437 Q
Darian Stevens6.1850.0150.0118Did not advance
Maggie Voisin72.7865.9372.784 Q35.4874.2866.0374.285

Moguls
Men

AthleteEventQualificationFinal
Run 1Run 2Run 1Run 2Run 3
TimePointsTotalRankTimePointsTotalRankTimePointsTotalRankTimePointsTotalRankTimePointsTotalRank
Cole McDonaldalign=left rowspan=4Moguls25.4161.7876.275 Q25.2961.1375.7814Did not advance
Nick Page24.3654.8370.712125.3062.7277.363 Q25.9863.0676.8010 Q25.6362.7276.926 Q25.6864.7678.905
Dylan Walczyk25.0360.8775.8610 Q25.1360.2775.1316Did not advance
Bradley Wilson25.2958.2972.9415Did not advance25

Women

AthleteEventQualificationFinal
Run 1Run 2Run 1Run 2Run 3
TimePointsTotalRankTimePointsTotalRankTimePointsTotalRankTimePointsTotalRankTimePointsTotalRank
Olivia Giaccioalign=left rowspan=4Moguls29.5663.4278.114 Q29.7363.8778.375 Q29.5062.8177.576 Q29.6060.9775.616
Jaelin Kauf26.9761.5479.153 Q27.0065.7579.324 Q26.4961.9780.122 Q26.3762.0080.28
Kai Owens29.6755.3669.928 Q28.3459.2075.266 Q28.5449.6565.4910Did not advance
Hannah Soar29.2559.4974.537 Q29.7059.1773.7011 Q28.9559.7875.167Did not advance

Ski cross

Ice hockey

See main article: Ice hockey at the 2022 Winter Olympics. The United States qualified 25 male and 23 female competitors to the ice hockey tournaments as part of the country's two teams.[23]

Summary

TeamEventGroup playPlayoffQuarterfinalSemifinalFinal /
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
RankOpposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Rank
United States menMen's tournament
W 8–0

W 4–2

W 3–2
1 QQ
L 2–3 SO
Did not advance5
United States womenWomen's tournament
W 5–2

W 5–0

W 8–0

L 2–4
2 Q
W 4–1

W 4–1

L 2–3

Men's tournament

See main article: Ice hockey at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Men's tournament. The United States men's national ice hockey team qualified by being ranked 6th in the 2019 IIHF World Rankings.[24]

Team roster

Group play--------

Quarterfinals

Women's tournament

See main article: Ice hockey at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Women's tournament. The United States women's national ice hockey team qualified by being ranked 1st in the 2020 IIHF World Rankings.

Team roster

Group play------------

Quarterfinals

Semifinals

Gold medal game

Luge

See main article: Luge at the 2022 Winter Olympics and Luge at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Qualification. The United States qualified three men's and three women's entries as well as a men's doubles entry over the course of the 2021–22 Luge World Cup. Qualifying at least one sled in each discipline also qualified the United States for the team relay.

Men

AthleteEventRun 1Run 2Run 3Run 4Total
TimeRankTimeRankTimeRankTimeRankTimeRank
Jonathan Gustafsonalign=left rowspan=3Singles57.8451359.3302758.4962058.275183:53.94619
Chris Mazdzer57.7801058.039957.7791057.779103:51.3778
Tucker West58.0791557.831858.5342157.916133:52.36013

Women

AthleteEventRun 1Run 2Run 3Run 4Total
TimeRankTimeRankTimeRankTimeRankTimeRank
Summer Britcheralign=left rowspan=3Singles1:00.9862959.1561559.15220Did not advance2:59.29423
Ashley Farquharson59.9722659.024858.768858.64373:56.40712
Emily Sweeney58.971101:02.4393258.88212Did not advance3:00.29226

Mixed/Open

AthleteEventRun 1Run 2Run 3Total
TimeRankTimeRankTimeRankTimeRank
Zack DiGregorio
Sean Hollander
Doubles59.3891259.126101:58.51511
Ashley Farquharson
Chris Mazdzer
Zack DiGregorio
Sean Hollander
Team relay1:00.33241:00.11961:01.18293:05.7417

Nordic combined

See main article: Nordic combined at the 2022 Winter Olympics and Nordic combined at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Qualification.

The United States qualified a team of five Nordic combined athletes.[25]

AthleteEventSki jumpingCross-countryTotal
DistancePointsRankTimeRankTimeRank
Taylor Fletcheralign=left rowspan=4Normal hill/10 km86.583.33424:31.9627:50.924
Ben Loomis94.5105.61725:07.81626:57.815
Stephen Schumann88.586.43324:46.4827:52.425
Jared Shumate93.599.22424:55.01327:10.019
Taylor Fletcheralign=left rowspan=4Large hill/10 km117.081.23525:42.7529:36.723
Jasper Good115.579.83627:32.93231:32.934
Ben Loomis129.0103.41726:51.21929:17.219
Jared Shumate127.5101.31926:24.51328:58.517
Taylor Fletcher
Jasper Good
Ben Loomis
Jared Shumate
Team large hill/4 × 5 km484.5387.1751:09.1253:07.16

Short track speed skating

See main article: article, Short track speed skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics and Short track speed skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Qualification. The United States qualified a team of two men and five women based on performance in the 2021–22 ISU Short Track Speed Skating World Cup. Additionally, the United States qualified in the women's and mixed relays.

Men

AthleteEventHeatQuarterfinalSemifinalFinal
TimeRankTimeRankTimeRankTimeRank
Ryan Pivirotto500 m41.0183 q41.8414Did not advance16
Andrew Heoalign=left rowspan=21000 m1:24.1062 Q1:24.6031 Q1:24.0233 FB1:36.1407
Ryan Pivirotto1:54.4372 Q2:08.3644Did not advance13
Andrew Heoalign=left rowspan=21500 m2:19.4825Did not advance28
Ryan PivirottoDid not advance
Qualification legend: Q - Qualify based on position in heat; q - Qualify based on time in field; FA - Qualify to medal final; FB - Qualify to consolation final

Women

AthleteEventHeatQuarterfinalSemifinalFinal
TimeRankTimeRankTimeRankTimeRank
Maame Bineyalign=left rowspan=3500 m42.9193 q46.0993Did not advance13
Kristen Santos43.5791 QDid not advance17
Corinne StoddardDid not advance32
Maame Bineyalign=left rowspan=31000 m1:27.8591 Q1:29.2252 Q1:28.8064 FB1:30.7368
Kristen Santos1:28.2371 Q1:28.3931 Q1:26.7831 FA1:42.7454
Corinne Stoddard1:27.5283 q1:27.9123 q1:27.6264 FB1:29.8457
Julie Letaialign=left rowspan=31500 m2:36.2145 ADV2:23.3158Did not advance21
Kristen Santos2:21.0271 Q2:31.0675 ADV B2:45.4929
Corinne Stoddard2:33.3293 Q2:22.6326Did not advance18
Maame Biney
Julie Letai
Kristen Santos
Corinne Stoddard
3000 m relay4:06.0984 FB8
Qualification legend: Q - Qualify based on position in heat; q - Qualify based on time in field; ADV - Advanced to next round on referee decision; FA - Qualify to medal final; FB - Qualify to consolation final; ADV A - Advanced to medal final on referee decision; ADV B - Advanced to consolation final on referee decision

Mixed

Qualification legend: Q - Qualify based on position in heat; q - Qualify based on time in field; FA - Qualify to medal final; FB - Qualify to consolation final

Skeleton

See main article: Skeleton at the 2022 Winter Olympics and Skeleton at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Qualification.

The United States qualified one male and two female skeleton racers over the course of the 2021–22 Skeleton World Cup.

AthleteEventRun 1Run 2Run 3Run 4Total
TimeRankTimeRankTimeRankTimeRankTimeRank
Andrew BlaserMen's1:01.80201:02.08211:02.1022Did not advance3:05.9821
Kelly Curtisalign=left rowspan=2Women's1:02.94191:03.05161:03.2423Did not advance3:09.2321
Katie Uhlaender1:02.4191:02.4681:02.1561:02.2154:09.236

Ski jumping

See main article: Ski jumping at the 2022 Winter Olympics and Ski jumping at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Qualification.

The United States qualified a team of four men and one woman in ski jumping.[26] [27]

Men

AthleteEventQualificationFirst roundFinalTotal
DistancePointsRankDistancePointsRankDistancePointsRankPointsRank
Kevin Bickneralign=left rowspan=4Normal hill78.061.843 Q95.0108.143Did not advance
Decker Dean81.066.642 Q90.0106.644Did not advance
Patrick Gasienica81.561.244 Q87.089.849Did not advance
Casey Larson79.069.841 Q96.5113.239Did not advance
Kevin Bickneralign=left rowspan=4Large hill110.584.345 Q125.0110.039Did not advance
Decker Dean112.094.938 Q120.0100.945Did not advance
Patrick Gasienica101.563.653Did not advance
Casey Larson116.589.243 Q123.0107.543Did not advance
Kevin Bickner
Decker Dean
Patrick Gasienica
Casey Larson
Team large hill407.0261.010Did not advance

Women

Snowboarding

See main article: Snowboarding at the 2022 Winter Olympics and Snowboarding at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Qualification.

The United States confirmed quota spots for 13 men and 12 women snowboarders.

Freestyle
Men

AthleteEventQualificationFinal
Run 1Run 2Run 3RankRun 1Run 2Run 3Rank
Chris Corningalign=left rowspan=4Big air64.2517.5081.75146.0010 Q92.0035.5064.00156.007
Sean FitzSimons53.2568.7516.25122.0017Did not advance
Red Gerard75.5080.0078.75158.753 Q82.5019.2583.25165.755
Dusty Henricksen23.0072.7520.7593.5021Did not advance
Lucas Fosteralign=left rowspan=4Halfpipe42.0021.5042.0017Did not advance
Taylor Gold81.2583.5083.507 Q81.7525.0020.0081.755
Chase Josey15.7569.5069.5012 Q62.5023.0079.5079.507
Shaun White24.2586.2586.254 Q72.0085.0014.7585.004
Chris Corningalign=left rowspan=4Slopestyle48.4869.3069.3011 Q31.5820.7865.1165.116
Sean FitzSimons78.7626.7578.763 Q29.4829.6126.6129.6112
Red Gerard78.2043.9578.205 Q83.2571.8628.6583.254
Dusty Henricksen37.4658.4658.4617Did not advance

Women

AthleteEventQualificationFinal
Run 1Run 2Run 3RankRun 1Run 2Run 3Rank
Jamie Andersonalign=left rowspan=4Big air30.0029.5089.75119.7515Did not advance
Hailey Langland62.0065.5021.25127.5012 Q25.2531.0022.2553.2512
Julia MarinoDid not advance
Courtney Rummel44.7556.2538.75101.0019Did not advance
Zoe Kalaposalign=left rowspan=4Halfpipe20.0051.7551.7517Did not advance
Chloe Kim87.758.7587.751 Q94.0027.0026.2594.00
Maddie Mastro65.7551.5066.7513Did not advance
Tessa Maud53.5010.0053.5016Did not advance
Jamie Andersonalign=left rowspan=4Slopestyle74.3553.2674.355 Q22.9860.7836.8860.789
Hailey Langland28.3168.7168.719 Q32.0548.3529.9348.3511
Julia Marino2.9171.7871.786 Q30.6187.6860.3587.68
Courtney Rummel37.1848.3048.3018Did not advance

Parallel

AthleteEventQualificationRound of 16QuarterfinalSemifinalFinal
TimeRankOpposition
Time
Opposition
Time
Opposition
Time
Opposition
Time
Rank
Robby Burnsalign=left rowspan=2Men's giant slalom1:36.2231Did not advance
Cody Winters1:27.8029Did not advance

Snowboard cross
Men

AthleteEventSeeding1/8 finalQuarterfinalSemifinalFinal
TimeRankPositionPositionPositionPositionRank
Nick Baumgartneralign=left rowspan=4Snowboard cross1:18.01102 Q3Did not advance10
Mick Dierdorff1:18.64201 QDid not advance15
Hagen Kearney1:17.8173Did not advance17
Jake Vedder1:17.88181 Q2 Q3 FB26

Women

AthleteEventSeeding1/8 finalQuarterfinalSemifinalFinal
TimeRankPositionPositionPositionPositionRank
Stacy Gaskillalign=left rowspan=4Snowboard cross1:23.1441 Q2 Q4 FB37
Faye Gulini1:23.9871 Q4Did not advance13
Lindsey Jacobellis1:23.4451 Q1 Q1 FA1
Meghan Tierney1:25.16162 Q3Did not advance12

Mixed

AthleteEventQuarterfinalSemifinalFinal
PositionPositionPositionRank
Nick Baumgartner
Lindsey Jacobellis
align=left rowspan=2Team snowboard cross1 Q2 FA1
Faye Gulini
Jake Vedder
3Did not advance=9
Qualification legend: Q - Qualify to next round; FA - Qualify to medal final; FB - Qualify to consolation final

Speed skating

See main article: article, Speed skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics and Speed skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Qualification.

The United States qualified seven men, including a team in the Team pursuit event, and five women over the course of the 2021–22 ISU Speed Skating World Cup.

Casey Dawson was replaced by Emery Lehman in the 5000 meters due to a positive test for COVID-19.[28]

Erin Jackson became the first Black female athlete to win a medal in speed skating after her gold medal performance in the 500 meters.[29]

Distance
Men

AthleteEventTimeRank
Austin Klebaalign=left rowspan=2500 m35.4027
Jordan Stolz34.8513
Austin Klebaalign=left rowspan=21000 m1:10.6729
Jordan Stolz1:09.1214
Casey Dawsonalign=left rowspan=31500 m1:49.4528
Emery Lehman1:45.7811
Joey Mantia1:45.266
Ethan Cepuranalign=left rowspan=25000 m6:25.9717
Emery Lehman6:21.8016

Women

AthleteEventTimeRank
Brittany Bowealign=left rowspan=3500 m38.0416
Kimi Goetz38.2618
Erin Jackson37.04
Brittany Bowealign=left rowspan=21000 m1:14.61
Kimi Goetz1:15.407
Brittany Bowealign=left rowspan=21500 m1:55.8110
Mia Manganello-Kilburg1:59.1120
Mia Manganello-Kilburg3000 m4:13.4219

Mass start

AthleteEventSemifinalFinal
PointsTimeRankPointsTimeRank
Joey Mantiaalign=left rowspan=2Men's mass start67:44.377 Q107:47.204
Ian Quinn07:58.0313Did not advance26
Giorgia Birkelandalign=left rowspan=2Women's mass start38:34.436 Q08:18.1013
Mia Manganello-Kilburg108:29.934 Q108:16.154

Team pursuit

Qualification legend: Q - Qualify to the next round; FA - Qualify to the gold medal final; FB - Qualify to the bronze medal final; FC - Qualify to the 5th place final; FD - Qualify to the 7th place final

Calls for Olympic boycott

On 22 February 2021, U.S. Representative John Katko from New York called for a United States boycott of the 2022 Olympic Games, citing human rights concerns and the Chinese Communist Party's actions against the country's own Uyghur population, including displacement and imprisonment of civilians in the Xinjiang internment camps. Representative Katko published an open letter recommending a boycott to the House Committee on Homeland Security, as well as President Biden, National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan, U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken, Secretary of Homeland Security Alejandro Mayorkas, and the International Olympic Committee. In the open letter, Katko cited an earlier 19 January 2021 statement from then-serving U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, in which Pompeo stated that, "since at least March 2017, the People's Republic of China (PRC), under the direction and control of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), has committed crimes against humanity against the predominantly Muslim Uyghurs and other members of ethnic and religious minority groups in Xinjiang."[31]

Former United States Ambassador to the United Nations, Republican Nikki Haley, announced her support of a possible boycott, authoring a 25 February 2021 op-ed for Fox News titled "Amb. Nikki Haley: Biden should boycott China's Winter Olympics next year",[32] comparing the government and ideology of Nazi Germany to that of "Communist China", urging President Biden to boycott the Olympics in collaboration with American-allied nations. Haley further compared the future 2022 Beijing Games to the 1936 Berlin Olympics, the last Olympics to be held before the outbreak of World War II.

In an unrelated interview on 5 March 2021, former Secretary Pompeo stated that the United States should withdraw from the 2022 Olympic Games.[33] In an interview with conservative talk radio host Hugh Hewitt, Pompeo cited "nasty activity" by the Chinese government as evidence to support a boycott.

In a Politico article published on 10 March 2021,[34] Texas Senator Ted Cruz spoke against a possible boycott, stating, "I don't think we should be punishing athletes who have spent their entire lives training. We should go to Beijing, compete, and win." Florida Senator Marco Rubio previously signed a resolution[35] authored by Senator Rick Scott which "demanded the International Olympic Committee move the 2022 Winter Olympics out of Communist China", but also refused to support a boycott, stating that he did not make a formal decision yet. Democratic Senator Ben Cardin, a ranking member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, stated that "It's important that we use every opportunity to advance global support against what China is doing", recognizing that "[boycotting the 2022 Olympics] may be not a realistic path forward, but it's certainly something we should be talking about."

On 15 March 2021, the New York Times published an op-ed by U.S. Senator and former 2012 Republican presidential candidate, Mitt Romney, titled "The Right Way to Boycott the Beijing Olympics." In the piece, Romney stated that the United States should pursue a partial "economic and diplomatic boycott" of the Olympics, with athletes participating in the games but "limiting spectators, selectively shaping our respective delegations and refraining from broadcasting Chinese propaganda." Romney ended the piece criticizing the International Olympic Committee for their selection of host countries, commenting that "In authoritarian states, the Olympics has more often been a tool of propaganda than a lever of reform."

On 19 October 2021, American figure skater Evan Bates described the situation in Xinjiang as "terrible" and "awful", and Vincent Zhou and Nathan Chen, skaters of Chinese descent, echoed Bates' statement over the human rights situation in Xinjiang.[36]

On 6 December 2021, President Biden announced that the United States would diplomatically boycott the Olympic Games. Unlike a complete boycott, it did not have any impact for any athletes from the United States attending the Winter Games.[37]

A boycott of the 2022 Olympic Games would have been the second American-led boycott of the modern Olympic Games. The United States and 65 other nations[38] boycotted the 1980 Summer Olympics, which were primarily held in Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union, in present-day Russia. The bloc cited the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan as their rationale for the boycott, with the United States hosting a substitute track and field event called the Liberty Bell Classic, with China in attendance.[39] Four years later, the Soviet Union and 14 of its allies then boycotted the 1984 Summer Olympics, which were held in Los Angeles, United States. The Soviet-allied countries then substituted the 1984 Olympics by organizing the Friendship Games (which was attended by China). The Friendship Games were held in a variety of venues, including the Soviet Union, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia (now the Czech Republic and Slovakia), Cuba, Hungary, Mongolia, Poland, and East Germany (now part of Germany). Despite participating in the Friendship Games, China also participated at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, participating for the first time since 1952 and having boycotted the 1980 Summer Games in Moscow due to the Sino-Soviet split.

Athlete safety

Competitors were warned by Human Rights Watch that speaking out was not tolerated in China and as a result if they spoke out about human rights or other issues in China they faced significant legal penalties. For their protection the American team was shielded from questions related to human rights.[40]

Members of Congress expressed their concerns about athlete safety.[41] Retired Olympic cross-country skier Noah Hoffman also expressed concerns about athlete safety, citing China's human rights record and a lack of concern shown by the IOC.[42]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: NOCs List Beijing 2022. olympics.com/. International Olympic Committee. 26 January 2022. 27 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220127022631/https://olympics.com/beijing-2022/olympic-games/en/results/all-sports/listed-nocs.htm. dead.
  2. News: 4 February 2022. Which countries are competing in the Winter Olympics 2022? Full list. The Independent. London, United Kingdom. 16 February 2022.
  3. Web site: U.S. Olympic & Paralympic Committee Announces 222-member 2022 U.S. Olympic Team. 24 January 2022. teamusa.org/. United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee. 24 January 2022.
  4. News: 18 February 2022. Bobsledder Elana Meyers Taylor to carry U.S. flag at closing ceremony. National Post. Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Reuters. 19 February 2022.
  5. Web site: ALPINE SKIING QUOTAS LIST FOR OLYMPIC WINTER GAMES 2022. 17 January 2022. data.fis-ski.com. International Ski Federation (FIS). 20 January 2022. 9 July 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182408/https://www.fis-ski.com/DB/v2/quota/list/owg/al/2022. dead.
  6. News: Opinion | Mikaela Shiffrin's candid expression of pain is a gift to viewers . The Washington Post . 2022-02-10 . 2022-02-16.
  7. Web site: After heartbreak, Mikaela Shiffrin finds some satisfaction with ninth in super-G. February 11, 2022. Los Angeles Times.
  8. Web site: American skier Nina O'Brien suffers multiple leg fractures in scary crash at Olympics. 2022-02-09. Yahoo! Sport. en-US.
  9. News: Breezy Johnson, a missed Olympics, and the consequences of a beautiful, brutal sport. 2022-02-14. The Washington Post. en-US.
  10. Web site: CROSS-COUNTRY QUOTAS LIST FOR OLYMPIC WINTER GAMES 2022. 17 January 2022. data.fis-ski.com/. International Ski Federation (FIS). 20 January 2022. 28 May 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210528152302/https://www.fis-ski.com/DB/v2/quota/list/owg/cc/2022. dead.
  11. News: O'connor. Philip. 2022-02-19. Cross-country skiing-Men's 50km race delayed, shortened to 28.4 km due to high winds. en. Reuters. 2022-02-19.
  12. News: United States, Canada and Great Britain qualify for spot at Olympic Winter Games Beijing 2022. World Curling Federation. Michael Burns. April 9, 2021. May 8, 2021. November 11, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211111011032/https://worldcurling.org/2021/04/wmcc2021-s21/. dead.
  13. News: TEAM SHUSTER WINS 2022 U.S. OLYMPIC TEAM TRIALS. November 22, 2021. November 23, 2021.
  14. Web site: Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games playing schedules released. World Curling Federation. Céline Stucki. 22 December 2021. 24 December 2021. December 22, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211222171549/https://worldcurling.org/2021/12/beijing2022-schedule-released/. dead.
  15. News: Canada and United States claim final LGT World Women's play-off places and qualify for Beijing 2022. World Curling Federation. Steve Seixeiro. May 8, 2021. May 8, 2021. November 11, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211111011033/https://worldcurling.org/2021/05/wwcc2021-s23/. dead.
  16. News: TEAM PETERSON WINS 2022 U.S. OLYMPIC TEAM TRIALS. November 21, 2021. November 23, 2021.
  17. News: United States secure spot in Beijing 2022 Mixed Doubles Event. World Curling Federation. Steve Seixeiro. December 9, 2021. December 9, 2021. December 9, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211209192411/https://worldcurling.org/2021/12/oqe-final-2/. dead.
  18. News: PERSINGER/PLYS WIN 2022 U.S. OLYMPIC TEAM TRIALS FOR MIXED DOUBLES CURLING. October 31, 2021. December 9, 2021.
  19. Web site: Communication No. 2388 - ENTRIES/PARTICIPATION 2022 OLYMPIC WINTER GAMES (OWG) SINGLE & PAIR SKATING AND ICE DANCE. 1 April 2021. International Skating Union. 4 July 2021.
  20. Web site: U.S. figure skater Vincent Zhou out of Olympic men's competition after positive Covid test. Dennis. Romero. Kurt. Chirbas. David K.. Li. NBC News. 7 February 2022.
  21. Web site: WADA appeals case of Russian figure skater Kamila Valieva to Court of Arbitration for Sport .
  22. Web site: ISU Statement - Decision of CAS - Kamila Valieva (ROC) . isu.org . 2024-01-30 . 2024-01-30.
  23. News: Qualification System for XXIV Olympic Winter Games, Beijing 2022. 4 May 2020. 20 February 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200220202620/https://cdn.dosb.de/user_upload/Olympische_Spiele/Peking_2022/internationale_Qualifikationskriterien/Beijing_2022_-_Qualification_System_-_Ice_Hockey_V1.1_20200108.pdf. dead.
  24. News: Olympic Winter Games. 4 May 2020. IIHF. iihf.com.
  25. Web site: NORDIC COMBINED QUOTA LIST FOR OLYMPIC WINTER GAMES 2022. 17 January 2022. data.fis-ski.com/. International Ski Federation (FIS). 20 January 2022. 21 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220221143040/https://www.fis-ski.com/DB/v2/quota/list/owg/nk/2022. dead.
  26. Web site: 21 January 2022. USA Nordic Sport Nominates Ski Jumping Team Roster For Olympic Winter Games Beijing 2022. USA Nordic Sport.
  27. Web site: 25 January 2022. U.S. ski jumper Anna Hoffmann a late entry into Olympics. NBC Sports.
  28. Web site: U.S. speed skater Casey Dawson won't race 5000m due to COVID-19, hopeful for team pursuit . NBC Olympics . 2022-02-04 . 2022-02-16.
  29. 1492880948471476224. NBCOlympics. History for @ErinJackson480. She is the first Black woman to medal in speed skating at the #WinterOlympics. . 13 February 2022.
  30. Cepruan competed in the prelims and semi-finals and was replaced by Manthia for the bronze medal race
  31. Web site: Determination of the Secretary of State on Atrocities in Xinjiang. 2021-03-21. United States Department of State. en-US.
  32. Web site: Haley. Nikki. 2021-02-24. Amb. Nikki Haley: Biden should boycott China's Winter Olympics next year. 2021-03-21. Fox News. en-US.
  33. Web site: Presse. AFP-Agence France. Pompeo Calls For US To Boycott Beijing Olympics. 2021-03-21. barrons.com. en-US.
  34. Web site: A tough-on-China GOP is split on whether to boycott the China Olympics. 2021-03-21. Politico. en.
  35. Web site: Senator Rick Scott Leads Colleagues in Resolution Demanding Olympic Committee Move 2022 Olympic Games Out of Communist China SENATOR RICK SCOTT. 2021-03-21. www.rickscott.senate.gov. 2 February 2021.
  36. News: Burke. Patrick. American figure skater Bates decries "terrible" situation faced by Uyghurs in Xinjiang region. 27 October 2021. NBC. Inside the games. 19 October 2021.
  37. News: Allie Malloy and Kate Sullivan. White House announces US diplomatic boycott of 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing. 2021-12-07. CNN.
  38. Book: Cousineau, Phil. The Olympic odyssey: rekindling the true spirit of the great games. 2003. Quest Books. 0-8356-0833-6. 1st. Wheaton, IL. 52464834.
  39. Web site: Neff. Craig. ...AND MEANWHILE IN PHILADELPHIA. 2021-03-21. Sports Illustrated Vault SI.com. en-us.
  40. News: Olympians told not to speak out. Reuters. Taipei Times. 20 January 2022. 20 January 2022.
  41. Web site: Churchill . Owen . US lawmakers ask Joe Biden about steps to protect American Olympians in China . South China Morning Post . 28 January 2022 . 30 January 2022.
  42. News: Church . Ben . Noah Hoffman: Former Olympic cross-country skier is 'scared' for athletes who speak out at Beijing 2022 . CNN . 30 January 2022.