| Election Name: | 1954 United States Senate elections |
| Country: | United States |
| Flag Image: | Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg |
| Type: | legislative |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1952 United States Senate elections |
| Previous Year: | 1952 |
| Next Election: | 1956 United States Senate elections |
| Next Year: | 1956 |
| Seats For Election: | 38 of the 96 seats in the United States Senate |
| Majority Seats: | 49 |
| Election Date: | September 13 & November 2, 1954 |
| 1Blank: | Seats up |
| 2Blank: | Races won |
| Party1: | Democratic Party (US) |
| Image1: | Senator Lyndon Johnson (1).jpg |
| Leader1: | Lyndon Johnson |
| Leader Since1: | January 3, 1953 |
| Leaders Seat1: | Texas |
| Seats Before1: | 46 |
| Seats After1: | 48 |
| Seat Change1: | 2 |
| Popular Vote1: | 15,137,069 |
| Percentage1: | 53.9% |
| 1Data1: | 22 |
| 2Data1: | 24 |
| Party2: | Republican Party (US) |
| Leader2: | William Knowland |
| Leader Since2: | August 4, 1953 |
| Leaders Seat2: | California |
| Seats Before2: | 49 |
| Seats After2: | 47 |
| Seat Change2: | 2 |
| Popular Vote2: | 12,585,368 |
| Percentage2: | 44.8% |
| 1Data2: | 16 |
| 2Data2: | 14 |
| Party4: | Independent |
| Seats Before4: | 1 |
| Seats After4: | 1 |
| 1Data4: | 0 |
| 2Data4: | 0 |
| Map Size: | 320px |
| Majority Leader | |
| Before Election: | Bill Knowland |
| Before Party: | Republican Party (US) |
| After Election: | Lyndon Johnson |
| After Party: | Democratic Party (US) |
The 1954 United States Senate elections was a midterm election in the first term of Dwight D. Eisenhower's presidency. The 32 Senate seats of Class 2 were contested in regular elections, and six special elections were held to fill vacancies. Eisenhower's Republican party lost a net of two seats to the Democratic opposition. This small change was just enough to give Democrats control of the chamber with the support of an Independent (Wayne Morse of Oregon) who agreed to caucus with them; he later officially joined the party in April 1955.
The elections resulted in a divided government that continued to the end of Eisenhower's presidency and a Democratic majority that would last until 1981., this is the last Senate election cycle in which a state (both Nebraska and North Carolina) had to hold three simultaneous elections (two special elections and one regular election) due to the near-simultaneous deaths of both incumbent Senators.
| 48 | 1 | 47 | |
| Democratic | I | Republican |
Colored shading indicates party with largest share of that row.
| Parties | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Republican | Independent | Other | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 47 | 49 | 0 | 0 | 96 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Before these elections | 46 | 49 | 1 | 0 | 96 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Not up | 24 | 33 | 0 | 1 | 58 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Up | 22 | 16 | 0 | — | 38 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| < | -- Gap for "Up" --> | 20 | 12 | — | — | 32 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | — | — | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 | 3 | — | — | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Incumbent retired | 2 | 4 | — | — | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 3 | — | — | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 Republican replaced by 1 Democrat< | --WY--> 1 Democrat replaced by 1 Republican | — | — | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Incumbent ran | 20 | 12 | — | — | 32 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 17 | 7 | — | — | 24 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 Republicans replaced by 4 Democrats< | --KY, MI, OH, OR--> 2 Democrats replaced by 2 Republicans | — | — | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 1 | — | — | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 22 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 32 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total elected | 24 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 38 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net change | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nationwide vote | 15,137,069 | 12,585,368 | 35,661 | 323,147 | 28,081,245 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share | 53.90% | 44.82% | 0.13% | 1.15% | 100% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Result | 48 | 47 | 1 | 0 | 96 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Source: Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives[1]
One Republican and one Democrat retired instead of seeking re-election. Two Republicans and one Democrat also retired instead of finishing the unexpired term.
Three Republicans and two Democrats sought re-election, and two Republicans and one Democrat also sought election to finish the unexpired term, but lost in the primary or general election.
Wayne Morse (I-OR) who caucused with the Democrats, officially joined the party in April 1955.
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| Majority → | |||||||||||||||||||
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| R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | ||||||||||
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| Majority with Independent in caucus ↑ | I< | --GOP caucus--> | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | |||||||||||
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| R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | ||||||||||
| R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | ||||||||||||
| Key: |
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|---|
In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1954 or before January 3, 1955; ordered by election date, then state, then class.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | ||||||||
| California (Class 3) | Republican | data-sort-value="1953-01-02" | 1953 | Interim appointee elected November 2, 1954. | nowrap | |||||
| Nebraska (Class 1) | Republican | data-sort-value="1954-07-03" | 1954 | Interim appointee retired. New senator elected November 2, 1954. Republican hold. | nowrap | |||||
| Nebraska (Class 2) | Republican | data-sort-value="1954-04-16" | 1954 | Interim appointee retired. New senator elected November 2, 1954. Republican hold. Winner was not elected to the next term; see below. | nowrap | |||||
| Nevada (Class 3) | Republican | data-sort-value="1954-10-01" | 1954 | Interim appointee lost election. New senator elected November 2, 1954. Democratic gain. | nowrap | |||||
| New Hampshire (Class 3) | Republican | data-sort-value="1953-08-14" | 1953 | Interim appointee lost nomination. New senator elected November 2, 1954. Republican hold. | nowrap | |||||
| North Carolina (Class 2) | Democratic | data-sort-value="1953-07-10" | 1953 | Interim appointee lost nomination. New senator elected November 2, 1954. Democratic hold. Winner also elected to next term; see below. | nowrap | |||||
| North Carolina (Class 3) | Democratic | data-sort-value="1954-06-05" | 1954 | Interim appointee elected November 2, 1954. | nowrap | |||||
| Ohio (Class 3) | Democratic | data-sort-value="1953-11-10" | 1953 | Interim appointee lost election. New senator elected November 2, 1954. Republican gain. | nowrap | |||||
| Wyoming (Class 2) | Republican | data-sort-value="1954-06-24" | 1954 | Interim appointee retired. New senator elected November 2, 1954. Democratic gain. Winner also elected to the next term; see below. | nowrap | |||||
In these general elections, the winner was seated on January 3, 1955; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||||||
| Alabama | Democratic | 1946 1948 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | |||||
| Arkansas | Democratic | 1942 1948 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | |||||
| Colorado | Democratic | 1936 1942 1948 | Incumbent retired to run for Governor. New senator elected. Republican gain. | nowrap | |||||
| Delaware | Democratic | 1948 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | |||||
| Georgia | Democratic | 1932 1936 1942 1948 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | |||||
| Idaho | Republican | 1946 1948 1949 1950 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | |||||
| Illinois | Democratic | 1948 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | |||||
| Iowa | Democratic | 1936 1938 1944 1948 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Republican gain. | nowrap | |||||
| Kansas | Republican | 1948 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | |||||
| Kentucky | Republican | 1946 1948 1952 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain. | nowrap | |||||
| Louisiana | Democratic | 1936 1942 1948 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | |||||
| Maine | Republican | 1948 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | |||||
| Massachusetts | Republican | 1944 1948 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | |||||
| Michigan | Republican | 1942 1948 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain. | nowrap | |||||
| Minnesota | DFL | 1948 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | |||||
| Mississippi | Democratic | 1942 1948 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | |||||
| Montana | Democratic | 1934 1936 1942 1948 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | |||||
| Nebraska | Republican | 1954 | Interim appointee retired. New senator elected. Republican hold. Winner was not elected to finish the term; see above. Successor seated January 1, 1955. | nowrap | |||||
| New Hampshire | Republican | 1936 1942 1948 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | |||||
| New Jersey | Republican | 1948 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Republican hold. | nowrap | |||||
| New Mexico | Democratic | 1948 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | |||||
| North Carolina | Democratic | 1953 | Interim appointee lost nomination. New senator elected. Democratic hold. Winner also elected to finish the term; see above. | nowrap | |||||
| Oklahoma | Democratic | 1948 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | |||||
| Oregon | Republican | 1944 1944 1948 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain. | nowrap | |||||
| Rhode Island | Democratic | 1936 1942 1948 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | |||||
| South Carolina | Democratic | 1954 | Interim appointee retired. New senator elected. Democratic hold. Incumbent then resigned December 23, 1954, to give successor preferential seniority. Winner appointed December 24 to finish the term. | nowrap | |||||
| South Dakota | Republican | 1948 1948 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | |||||
| Tennessee | Democratic | 1948 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | |||||
| Texas | Democratic | 1948 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | |||||
| Virginia | Democratic | 1946 1948 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | |||||
| West Virginia | Democratic | 1922 1928 1930 1936 1941 1948 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | |||||
| Wyoming | Republican | 1954 | Interim appointee retired. New senator elected. Democratic gain. Winner also elected to finish the term; see above. | nowrap | |||||
Twelve races had a margin of victory under 10%:
| State | Party of winner | Margin | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ohio (special) | data-sort-value=1 | Republican (flip) | 0.12% | |
| New Jersey | data-sort-value=-0.5 | Republican | 0.19% | |
| Oregon | data-sort-value=-0.5 | Democratic (flip) | 0.4% | |
| Montana | data-sort-value=-0.5 | Democratic | 0.8% | |
| Massachusetts | data-sort-value=-0.5 | Republican | 1.5% | |
| Michigan | data-sort-value=-0.5 | Democratic (flip) | 1.9% | |
| Colorado | data-sort-value=-0.5 | Republican (flip) | 2.6% | |
| Wyoming | data-sort-value=1 | Democratic (flip) | 3.2% | |
| Iowa | data-sort-value=-0.5 | Republican (flip) | 4.7% | |
| California (special) | data-sort-value=1 | Republican | 7.7% | |
| Kentucky | data-sort-value=-0.5 | Democratic (flip) | 9.0% | |
| West Virginia | data-sort-value=-0.5 | Democratic | 9.6% |
| Election Name: | 1954 United States Senate election in Alabama |
| Country: | Alabama |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1948 United States Senate election in Alabama |
| Previous Year: | 1948 |
| Next Election: | 1960 United States Senate election in Alabama |
| Next Year: | 1960 |
| Election Date: | November 2, 1954 |
| Image1: | JohnSparkman-1952Portrait-.jpg |
| Nominee1: | John Sparkman |
| Party1: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote1: | 259,348 |
| Percentage1: | 82.48% |
| Nominee2: | Junius Foy Guin Jr. |
| Party2: | Republican Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote2: | 55,110 |
| Percentage2: | 17.53% |
| Map Size: | 250px |
| U.S. Senator | |
| Before Election: | John Sparkman |
| Before Party: | Democratic Party (US) |
| After Election: | John Sparkman |
| After Party: | Democratic Party (US) |
See main article: 1954 United States Senate election in Alabama.
See also: List of United States senators from Alabama.
See main article: 1954 United States Senate election in Arkansas.
See also: List of United States senators from Arkansas and 1954 United States House of Representatives elections in Arkansas.
| Election Name: | 1954 United States Senate special election in California |
| Country: | California |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1950 United States Senate election in California |
| Previous Year: | 1950 |
| Next Election: | 1956 United States Senate election in California |
| Next Year: | 1956 |
| Election Date: | November 2, 1954 |
| Image1: | Thomas Kuchel.jpg |
| Nominee1: | Thomas Kuchel |
| Party1: | Republican Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote1: | 2,090,836 |
| Percentage1: | 53.21% |
| Nominee2: | Sam Yorty |
| Party2: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote2: | 1,788,071 |
| Percentage2: | 45.50% |
| Map Size: | 250px |
| U.S. Senator | |
| Before Election: | Thomas Kuchel |
| Before Party: | Republican Party (United States) |
| After Election: | Thomas Kuchel |
| After Party: | Republican Party (United States) |
See main article: 1954 United States Senate special election in California.
See also: List of United States senators from California and 1954 United States House of Representatives elections in California. Following the resignation of Richard Nixon to assume the vice presidency, Governor Earl Warren appointed Thomas Kuchel to Nixon's seat; Kuchel assumed the office on January 2, 1953.[2]
| Election Name: | 1954 United States Senate election in Colorado |
| Country: | Colorado |
| Flag Year: | 1911 |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1948 United States Senate election in Colorado |
| Previous Year: | 1948 |
| Next Election: | 1960 United States Senate election in Colorado |
| Next Year: | 1960 |
| Election Date: | November 2, 1954 |
| Image1: | Gordon Allott.jpg |
| Nominee1: | Gordon Allott |
| Party1: | Republican Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote1: | 248,502 |
| Percentage1: | 51.32% |
| Party2: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote2: | 235,686 |
| Percentage2: | 48.68% |
| Map Size: | 250px |
| U.S. Senator | |
| Before Party: | Democratic Party (US) |
| After Party: | Republican Party (US) |
See main article: 1954 United States Senate election in Colorado.
See also: List of United States senators from Colorado and 1954 United States House of Representatives elections in Colorado.
| Election Name: | 1954 United States Senate election in Delaware |
| Country: | Delaware |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1948 United States Senate election in Delaware |
| Previous Year: | 1948 |
| Next Election: | 1960 United States Senate election in Delaware |
| Next Year: | 1960 |
| Election Date: | November 2, 1954 |
| Image1: | File:JAllenFrear (cropped).jpg |
| Nominee1: | J. Allen Frear Jr. |
| Party1: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote1: | 82,511 |
| Percentage1: | 56.94% |
| Nominee2: | Herbert B. Warburton |
| Party2: | Republican Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote2: | 62,389 |
| Percentage2: | 43.06% |
| Map Size: | 210px |
| U.S. Senator | |
| Before Election: | J. Allen Frear Jr. |
| Before Party: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| After Election: | J. Allen Frear Jr. |
| After Party: | Democratic Party (United States) |
See main article: 1954 United States Senate election in Delaware.
See also: List of United States senators from Delaware and 1954 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware.
| Election Name: | 1954 U.S. Senate Democratic primary in Georgia |
| Country: | Georgia (U.S. state) |
| Flag Year: | 1920 |
| Type: | Presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1948 United States Senate election in Georgia |
| Previous Year: | 1948 |
| Next Election: | 1960 United States Senate election in Georgia |
| Next Year: | 1960 |
| Election Date: | September 8, 1954 |
| Nominee1: | Richard Russell Jr. |
| Electoral Vote1: | 410 |
| Party1: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote1: | 619,129 |
| Percentage1: | 100.00% |
| Map Size: | 250px |
| U.S. Senator | |
| Before Election: | Richard Russell Jr. |
| Before Party: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| After Election: | Richard Russell Jr. |
| After Party: | Democratic Party (United States) |
See main article: 1954 United States Senate election in Georgia.
See also: List of United States senators from Georgia.
| Election Name: | Idaho election |
| Country: | Idaho |
| Flag Year: | 1927 |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1948 United States Senate election in Idaho |
| Previous Year: | 1948 |
| Next Election: | 1960 United States Senate election in Idaho |
| Next Year: | 1960 |
| Image1: | File:Henry Dworshak (R-ID).jpg |
| Nominee1: | Henry Dworshak |
| Party1: | Republican Party (US) |
| Popular Vote1: | 142,269 |
| Percentage1: | 62.84% |
| Party2: | Democratic Party (US) |
| Popular Vote2: | 84,139 |
| Percentage2: | 37.16% |
| Map Size: | 250px |
| U.S. Senator | |
| Before Party: | Republican Party (US) |
| After Party: | Republican Party (US) |
See also: List of United States senators from Idaho and 1954 United States House of Representatives elections in Idaho. In Idaho, Republican Incumbent Henry Dworshak defeated Glen H. Taylor, who had previously represented Idaho in the Senate from 1945 to 1951. Allegations of Communist ties were used against Taylor by Dworshak and other Republicans to win the election.[3]
| Election Name: | 1954 United States Senate election in Illinois |
| Country: | Illinois |
| Flag Year: | 1915 |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1948 United States Senate election in Illinois |
| Previous Year: | 1948 |
| Next Election: | 1960 United States Senate election in Illinois |
| Next Year: | 1960 |
| Election Date: | November 2, 1954 |
| Turnout: | 63.69% |
| Image1: | Senator Paul Douglas.jpg |
| Nominee1: | Paul Douglas |
| Party1: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote1: | 1,804,338 |
| Percentage1: | 53.57% |
| Nominee2: | Joseph T. Meek |
| Party2: | Republican Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote2: | 1,563,683 |
| Percentage2: | 46.43% |
| Map Size: | 300x300px |
| U.S. Senator | |
| Before Party: | Democratic Party (US) |
| After Party: | Democratic Party (US) |
See main article: 1954 United States Senate election in Illinois.
See also: List of United States senators from Illinois.
| Election Name: | 1954 United States Senate election in Iowa |
| Country: | Iowa |
| Flag Image: | Flag of Iowa (xrmap collection).svg |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1948 United States Senate election in Iowa |
| Previous Year: | 1948 |
| Next Election: | 1960 United States Senate election in Iowa |
| Next Year: | 1960 |
| Election Date: | November 2, 1954 |
| Nominee1: | Thomas E. Martin |
| Party1: | Republican Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote1: | 442,409 |
| Percentage1: | 52.21% |
| Nominee2: | Guy Gillette |
| Party2: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote2: | 402,712 |
| Percentage2: | 47.53% |
| Map Size: | 220px |
| U.S. Senator | |
| Before Election: | Guy Gillette |
| Before Party: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| After Election: | Thomas E. Martin |
| After Party: | Republican Party (United States) |
See main article: 1954 United States Senate election in Iowa.
See also: List of United States senators from Iowa.
| Election Name: | 1954 United States Senate election in Kansas |
| Country: | Kansas |
| Flag Year: | 1927 |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1948 United States Senate election in Kansas |
| Previous Year: | 1948 |
| Next Election: | 1960 United States Senate election in Kansas |
| Next Year: | 1960 |
| Election Date: | November 2, 1954 |
| Image1: | File:Andrew Frank Schoeppel.jpg |
| Nominee1: | Andrew F. Schoeppel |
| Party1: | Republican Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote1: | 348,144 |
| Percentage1: | 56.33% |
| Nominee2: | George McGill |
| Party2: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote2: | 258,575 |
| Percentage2: | 41.84% |
| Map Size: | 270px |
| U.S. Senator | |
| Before Election: | Andrew F. Schoeppel |
| Before Party: | Republican Party (United States) |
| After Election: | Andrew F. Schoeppel |
| After Party: | Republican Party (United States) |
See main article: 1960 United States Senate election in Kansas.
See also: List of United States senators from Kansas.
| Election Name: | 1954 United States Senate election in Kentucky |
| Country: | Kentucky |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1952 United States Senate special election in Kentucky |
| Previous Year: | 1952 (special) |
| Next Election: | 1956 United States Senate special election in Kentucky |
| Next Year: | 1956 (special) |
| Election Date: | November 2, 1954 |
| Image1: | x150px |
| Nominee1: | Alben Barkley |
| Party1: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote1: | 434,109 |
| Percentage1: | 54.46% |
| Nominee2: | John Sherman Cooper |
| Party2: | Republican Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote2: | 362,948 |
| Percentage2: | 45.54% |
| Map Size: | 300px |
| U.S. Senator | |
| Before Election: | John Sherman Cooper |
| Before Party: | Republican Party (United States) |
| After Election: | Alben Barkley |
| After Party: | Democratic Party (United States) |
See main article: 1954 United States Senate election in Kentucky.
See also: List of United States senators from Kentucky.
| Election Name: | 1954 Democratic Senate primary election in Louisiana |
| Country: | Louisiana |
| Flag Year: | 1912 |
| Type: | Presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1948 United States Senate election in Louisiana |
| Previous Year: | 1948 |
| Next Election: | 1960 United States Senate election in Louisiana |
| Next Year: | 1960 |
| Election Date: | July 27, 1954 |
| Nominee1: | Allen Ellender |
| Party1: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote1: | 268,054 |
| Percentage1: | 59.15% |
| Nominee2: | Frank B. Ellis |
| Party2: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote2: | 162,775 |
| Percentage2: | 35.92% |
| Map Size: | 285px |
| U.S. Senator | |
| Before Election: | Allen Ellender |
| Before Party: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| After Election: | Allen Ellender |
| After Party: | Democratic Party (United States) |
See main article: 1954 United States Senate election in Louisiana.
See also: List of United States senators from Louisiana and 1954 United States House of Representatives elections in Louisiana.
| Election Name: | 1954 United States Senate election in Maine |
| Country: | Maine |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1948 United States Senate election in Maine |
| Previous Year: | 1948 |
| Next Election: | 1960 United States Senate election in Maine |
| Next Year: | 1960 |
| Election Date: | September 13, 1954 |
| Image1: | Margaret Chase Smith 1943 (cropped).jpg |
| Nominee1: | Margaret Chase Smith |
| Party1: | Republican Party (US) |
| Popular Vote1: | 144,530 |
| Percentage1: | 58.61% |
| Nominee2: | Paul Fullam |
| Party2: | Democratic Party (US) |
| Popular Vote2: | 102,075 |
| Percentage2: | 41.39% |
| Map Size: | 250px |
| U.S. Senator | |
| Before Party: | Republican Party (US) |
| After Party: | Republican Party (US) |
See main article: 1954 United States Senate election in Maine.
See also: List of United States senators from Maine and 1954 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine.
| Election Name: | 1954 United States Senate election in Massachusetts |
| Country: | Massachusetts |
| Flag Year: | 1908 |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1948 United States Senate election in Massachusetts |
| Previous Year: | 1948 |
| Next Election: | 1960 United States Senate election in Massachusetts |
| Next Year: | 1960 |
| Election Date: | November 2, 1954 |
| Nominee1: | Leverett Saltonstall |
| Party1: | Republican Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote1: | 956,605 |
| Percentage1: | 50.54% |
| Nominee2: | Foster Furcolo |
| Party2: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote2: | 927,899 |
| Percentage2: | 49.03% |
| Map Size: | 250px |
| Senator | |
| Before Election: | Leverett Saltonstall |
| Before Party: | Republican Party (United States) |
| After Election: | Leverett Saltonstall |
| After Party: | Republican Party (United States) |
See main article: 1954 United States Senate election in Massachusetts.
See also: List of United States senators from Massachusetts. In Massachusetts, Republican Incumbent Leverett Saltonstall defeated his challengers.
Democrat Foster Furcolo (Treasurer and Receiver-General of Massachusetts since 1952 and member of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district from 1949 to 1952) beat John I. Fitzgerald (former member of the Boston City Council and Democratic candidate for Senate in 1948) and Joseph L. Murphy (former member of the Massachusetts Senate).
Republican incumbent Leverett Saltonstall (United States senator since 1945 and Governor of Massachusetts from 1939 to 1945) was renominated. Other nominees included Socialist Workers Thelma Ingersoll (ran for Senate in 1952.[4]) and Prohibition Harold J. Ireland (candidate for Treasurer and Receiver-General in 1948 and 1952).
| Election Name: | 1954 United States Senate election in Michigan |
| Country: | Michigan |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1948 United States Senate election in Michigan |
| Previous Year: | 1948 |
| Next Election: | 1960 United States Senate election in Michigan |
| Next Year: | 1960 |
| Image1: | Patrick Vincent McNamara.jpg |
| Nominee1: | Patrick V. McNamara |
| Party1: | Democratic Party (US) |
| Popular Vote1: | 1,088,550 |
| Percentage1: | 50.75% |
| Party2: | Republican Party (US) |
| Popular Vote2: | 1,049,420 |
| Percentage2: | 48.93% |
| Map Size: | 300px |
| U.S. Senator | |
| Before Party: | Republican Party (US) |
| After Party: | Democratic Party (US) |
See main article: 1954 United States Senate election in Michigan.
See also: List of United States senators from Michigan and 1954 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan.
| Election Name: | 1954 United States Senate election in Minnesota |
| Country: | Minnesota |
| Flag Year: | 1893 |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1948 United States Senate election in Minnesota |
| Previous Year: | 1948 |
| Next Election: | 1960 United States Senate election in Minnesota |
| Next Year: | 1960 |
| Image1: | Hubert Humphrey crop.jpg |
| Nominee1: | Hubert H. Humphrey |
| Party1: | Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party |
| Popular Vote1: | 642,193 |
| Percentage1: | 56.39% |
| Party2: | Republican Party (US) |
| Popular Vote2: | 479,619 |
| Percentage2: | 42.11% |
| Map Size: | 250px |
| U.S. Senator | |
| Before Party: | Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party |
| After Party: | Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party |
See main article: 1954 United States Senate election in Minnesota.
See also: List of United States senators from Minnesota and 1954 United States House of Representatives elections in Minnesota.
| Election Name: | Mississippi election |
| Country: | Mississippi |
| Flag Year: | 1894 |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1948 United States Senate election in Mississippi |
| Previous Year: | 1948 |
| Next Election: | 1960 United States Senate election in Mississippi |
| Next Year: | 1960 |
| Image1: | James O Eastland.jpg |
| Nominee1: | James Eastland |
| Party1: | Democratic Party (US) |
| Popular Vote1: | 100,848 |
| Percentage1: | 95.6% |
| Nominee2: | James A. White |
| Party2: | Republican Party (US) |
| Popular Vote2: | 4,678 |
| Percentage2: | 4.43% |
| Map Size: | 250px |
| U.S. senator | |
| Before Party: | Democratic Party (US) |
| After Party: | Democratic Party (US) |
See main article: 1954 United States Senate election in Mississippi.
See also: List of United States senators from Mississippi and 1954 United States House of Representatives elections in Mississippi.
| Election Name: | 1954 United States Senate election in Montana |
| Country: | Montana |
| Flag Year: | 1905 |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1948 United States Senate election in Montana |
| Previous Year: | 1948 |
| Next Election: | 1960 United States Senate election in Montana |
| Next Year: | 1960 |
| Election Date: | November 2, 1954 |
| Nominee1: | James E. Murray |
| Party1: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote1: | 114,591 |
| Percentage1: | 50.38% |
| Nominee2: | Wesley A. D'Ewart |
| Party2: | Republican Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote2: | 112,863 |
| Percentage2: | 49.62% |
| Map Size: | 300px |
| U.S. Senator | |
| Before Election: | James E. Murray |
| Before Party: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| After Election: | James E. Murray |
| After Party: | Democratic Party (United States) |
See main article: 1954 United States Senate election in Montana.
See also: List of United States senators from Montana and 1954 United States House of Representatives elections in Montana.
In Montana incumbent senator James E. Murray, who was first elected to the Senate in a special election in 1934 and was re-elected in 1936, 1942, and 1948, ran for re-election.
Murray won the Democratic primary against trivial opponents (farmer Ray E. Gulick and Sam G. Feezell).
Republican Wesley A. D'Ewart United States Congressman from Montana's 2nd congressional district beat Robert Yellowtail, former Superintendent of the Crow Indian Reservation, for the GOP nomination.A contentious and close election ensued, but ultimately, Murray was able to narrowly win re-election over D'Ewart to a final term in the Senate.
See also: List of United States senators from Nebraska. Nebraska had three Senate elections on the ballot. Both incumbents had died in the span of three months, leading to appointments and special elections.
| Election Name: | 1954 United States Senate Class I special election in Nebraska |
| Country: | Nebraska |
| Flag Year: | 1925 |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1952 United States Senate election in Nebraska |
| Previous Year: | 1952 |
| Next Election: | 1958 United States Senate election in Nebraska |
| Next Year: | 1958 |
| Election Date: | November 2, 1954 |
| Image1: | Roman Hruska.png |
| Nominee1: | Roman Hruska |
| Party1: | Republican Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote1: | 250,341 |
| Percentage1: | 60.88% |
| Nominee2: | James F. Green |
| Party2: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote2: | 160,881 |
| Percentage2: | 39.12% |
| Map Size: | 300px |
| U.S. Senator | |
| Before Party: | Republican Party (US) |
| After Party: | Republican Party (US) |
Incumbent Republican Hugh A. Butler died July 1, 1954, and Republican Samuel W. Reynolds was appointed July 3 to continue the term. Reynolds did not run to finish the term, and Republican Roman Hruska won the seat in November to finish the term ending in 1959.
| Election Name: | 1954 United States Senate Class II special election in Nebraska |
| Country: | Nebraska |
| Flag Year: | 1925 |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1952 United States Senate special election in Nebraska |
| Previous Year: | 1952 (special) |
| Next Election: | 1954 United States Senate election in Nebraska |
| Next Year: | 1954 |
| Election Date: | November 2, 1954 |
| Image1: | File:Hazel Abel 1954 (cropped).jpg |
| Nominee1: | Hazel Abel |
| Party1: | Republican Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote1: | 233,589 |
| Percentage1: | 57.76% |
| Nominee2: | William H. Meier |
| Party2: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote2: | 170,828 |
| Percentage2: | 42.24% |
| Map Size: | 300px |
| U.S. Senator | |
| Before Party: | Republican Party (US) |
| After Party: | Republican Party (US) |
Incumbent Republican Dwight P. Griswold died April 12, 1954, and Republican Eva Bowring was appointed April 16 to continue the term. In November, Republican Hazel Abel was elected to finish the term.
| Election Name: | 1954 United States Senate election in Nebraska |
| Country: | Nebraska |
| Flag Year: | 1925 |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1954 United States Senate special elections in Nebraska |
| Previous Year: | 1954 (special) |
| Next Election: | 1960 United States Senate election in Nebraska |
| Next Year: | 1960 |
| Election Date: | November 2, 1954 |
| Image1: | Carl Curtis.png |
| Nominee1: | Carl Curtis |
| Party1: | Republican Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote1: | 255,695 |
| Percentage1: | 61.07% |
| Party2: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote2: | 162,990 |
| Percentage2: | 38.93% |
| Map Size: | 300px |
| U.S. Senator | |
| Before Party: | Republican Party (US) |
| After Party: | Republican Party (US) |
See main article: 1954 United States Senate election in Nebraska. Although elected to finish the class 2 term, Abel did not run for the next term, and Republican Carl Curtis was elected in November to the next term.
On December 31, 1954, Abel resigned and Curtis was appointed January 1, 1955, two days ahead of his elected term.
See also: List of United States senators from Nevada and 1954 United States House of Representatives election in Nevada.
| Election Name: | 1954 United States Senate special election in Nevada |
| Country: | Nevada |
| Flag Year: | 1929 |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1950 United States Senate election in Nevada |
| Previous Year: | 1950 |
| Next Election: | 1956 United States Senate election in Nevada |
| Next Year: | 1956 |
| Election Date: | November 2, 1954 |
| Nominee1: | Alan Bible |
| Party1: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote1: | 45,043 |
| Percentage1: | 58.11% |
| Nominee2: | Ernest S. Brown |
| Party2: | Republican Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote2: | 32,470 |
| Percentage2: | 41.89% |
| Map Size: | x240px |
| U.S. Senator | |
| Before Election: | Ernest S. Brown |
| Before Party: | Republican Party (United States) |
| After Election: | Alan Bible |
| After Party: | Democratic Party (United States) |
See also: List of United States senators from New Hampshire.
| Election Name: | 1954 United States Senate election in New Hampshire |
| Country: | New Hampshire |
| Flag Year: | 1931 |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1948 United States Senate election in New Hampshire |
| Previous Year: | 1948 |
| Next Election: | 1960 United States Senate election in New Hampshire |
| Next Year: | 1960 |
| Election Date: | November 2, 1954 |
| Image1: | File:StylesBridges(R-NH) (cropped, 3x4).jpg |
| Nominee1: | Styles Bridges |
| Party1: | Republican Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote1: | 117,150 |
| Percentage1: | 60.22% |
| Nominee2: | Gerald L. Morin |
| Party2: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote2: | 77,386 |
| Percentage2: | 39.78% |
| Map Size: | 245px |
| U.S. Senator | |
| Before Election: | Styles Bridges |
| Before Party: | Republican Party (United States) |
| After Election: | Styles Bridges |
| After Party: | Republican Party (United States) |
See main article: 1954 United States Senate election in New Hampshire.
| Election Name: | 1954 United States Senate special election in New Hampshire |
| Country: | New Hampshire |
| Flag Year: | 1931 |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1950 United States Senate election in New Hampshire |
| Previous Year: | 1950 |
| Next Election: | 1956 United States Senate election in New Hampshire |
| Next Year: | 1956 |
| Election Date: | November 2, 1954 |
| Nominee1: | Norris Cotton |
| Party1: | Republican Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote1: | 114,068 |
| Percentage1: | 60.18% |
| Nominee2: | Stanley J. Betley |
| Party2: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote2: | 75,490 |
| Percentage2: | 39.82% |
| Map Size: | 245px |
| U.S. Senator | |
| Before Election: | Robert W. Upton |
| Before Party: | Republican Party (United States) |
| After Election: | Norris Cotton |
| After Party: | Republican Party (United States) |
See main article: 1954 United States Senate special election in New Hampshire.
| Election Name: | New Jersey election |
| Country: | New Jersey |
| Flag Year: | 1896 |
| Type: | Presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1948 United States Senate election in New Jersey |
| Previous Year: | 1948 |
| Next Election: | 1960 United States Senate election in New Jersey |
| Next Year: | 1960 |
| Election Date: | November 2, 1954 |
| Image1: | Rep Clifford P Case.jpg |
| Nominee1: | Clifford P. Case |
| Party1: | Republican Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote1: | 861,528 |
| Percentage1: | 48.66% |
| Party2: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote2: | 858,158 |
| Percentage2: | 48.47% |
| Map Size: | 250px |
| U.S. Senator | |
| Before Party: | Republican Party (US) |
| After Party: | Republican Party (US) |
See main article: 1954 United States Senate election in New Jersey.
See also: List of United States senators from New Jersey.
| Election Name: | 1954 United States Senate election in New Mexico |
| Country: | New Mexico |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1948 United States Senate election in New Mexico |
| Previous Year: | 1948 |
| Next Election: | 1960 United States Senate election in New Mexico |
| Next Year: | 1960 |
| Election Date: | November 2, 1954 |
| Image1: | File:Clinton Presba Anderson.jpg |
| Nominee1: | Clinton Anderson |
| Party1: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote1: | 111,351 |
| Percentage1: | 57.10% |
| Nominee2: | Edwin L. Mechem |
| Party2: | Republican Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote2: | 83,671 |
| Percentage2: | 42.90% |
| Map Size: | 215px |
| U.S. Senator | |
| Before Election: | Clinton Anderson |
| Before Party: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| After Election: | Clinton Anderson |
| After Party: | Democratic Party (United States) |
See also: List of United States senators from New Mexico and 1954 United States House of Representatives election in New Mexico.
See also: List of United States senators from North Carolina and 1954 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina.
Like Nebraska, North Carolina, had three elections on the ballot. Both senators had died during the 83rd Congress, leading to appointments and special elections.
Democrat Willis Smith died June 26, 1953, and Democrat Alton A. Lennon was appointed July 10 to continue the term. In November, Lennon lost the nomination to Democrat W. Kerr Scott to finish the term.[5] Scott took office November 29, 1954.
See main article: 1954 United States Senate election in North Carolina.
| Election Name: | 1954 United States Senate election in North Carolina |
| Country: | North Carolina |
| Type: | Presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1950 United States Senate special election in North Carolina |
| Previous Year: | 1950 (special) |
| Next Election: | 1958 United States Senate special election in North Carolina |
| Next Year: | 1958 (special) |
| Election Date: | November 2, 1954 |
| Flag Year: | 1885 |
| Image1: | File:W. Kerr Scott.jpg |
| Nominee1: | W. Kerr Scott |
| Party1: | Democratic Party (US) |
| Popular Vote1: | 408,312 |
| Percentage1: | 65.90% |
| Nominee2: | Paul C. West |
| Party2: | Republican Party (US) |
| Popular Vote2: | 211,322 |
| Percentage2: | 34.10% |
| Map Size: | 325px |
| Senator | |
| Before Party: | Democratic Party (US) |
| After Party: | Democratic Party (US) |
Democrat W. Kerr Scott was also elected to the next term, which would begin January 3, 1955.[6]
Democrat Clyde R. Hoey died May 12, 1954, and Democrat Sam Ervin was appointed June 5 to continue the term. In November, Ervin was elected to finish the term.
| Election Name: | 1954 United States Senate special election in Ohio |
| Country: | Ohio |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1950 United States Senate election in Ohio |
| Previous Year: | 1950 |
| Next Election: | 1956 United States Senate election in Ohio |
| Next Year: | 1956 |
| Election Date: | November 6, 1954 |
| Image1: | George Bender (3x4a).jpg |
| Nominee1: | George H. Bender |
| Party1: | Republican Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote1: | 1,257,874 |
| Percentage1: | 50.06% |
| Nominee2: | Thomas A. Burke |
| Party2: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote2: | 1,254,904 |
| Percentage2: | 49.94% |
| Map Size: | 211px |
| U.S. Senator | |
| Before Election: | Thomas A. Burke |
| Before Party: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| After Election: | George H. Bender |
| After Party: | Republican Party (United States) |
See main article: 1954 United States Senate special election in Ohio.
See also: List of United States senators from Ohio.
See main article: 1954 United States Senate election in Oklahoma.
See also: List of United States senators from Oklahoma.
| Election Name: | 1954 United States Senate election in Oklahoma |
| Country: | Oklahoma |
| Flag Image: | Flag of Oklahoma (1941–1988).svg |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1948 United States Senate election in Oklahoma |
| Previous Year: | 1948 |
| Next Election: | 1960 United States Senate election in Oklahoma |
| Next Year: | 1960 |
| Election Date: | November 2, 1954 |
| Nominee1: | Robert S. Kerr |
| Party1: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote1: | 335,127 |
| Percentage1: | 55.84% |
| Nominee2: | Fred M. Mock |
| Party2: | Republican Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote2: | 262,013 |
| Percentage2: | 43.66% |
| U.S. Senator | |
| Before Election: | Robert S. Kerr |
| Before Party: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| After Election: | Robert S. Kerr |
| After Party: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Election Name: | 1954 United States Senate election in Oregon |
| Country: | Oregon |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1948 United States Senate election in Oregon |
| Previous Year: | 1948 |
| Next Election: | 1960 United States Senate election in Oregon |
| Next Year: | 1960 |
| Election Date: | November 2, 1954 |
| Image1: | File:Richard Lewis Neuberger.jpg |
| Nominee1: | Richard L. Neuberger |
| Party1: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote1: | 285,775 |
| Percentage1: | 50.22% |
| Party2: | Republican Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote2: | 283,313 |
| Percentage2: | 49.78% |
| Map Size: | 270px |
| Senator | |
| Before Party: | Republican Party (US) |
| After Party: | Democratic Party (US) |
See also: List of United States senators from Oregon.
| Election Name: | 1954 United States Senate election in Rhode Island |
| Country: | Rhode Island |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1948 United States Senate election in Rhode Island |
| Previous Year: | 1948 |
| Next Election: | 1960 United States Senate election in Rhode Island |
| Next Year: | 1960 |
| Election Date: | November 2, 1954 |
| Nominee1: | Theodore F. Green |
| Party1: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote1: | 193,654 |
| Percentage1: | 59.29% |
| Nominee2: | Walter I. Sundlun |
| Party2: | Republican Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote2: | 132,970 |
| Percentage2: | 40.71% |
| U.S. Senator | |
| Before Election: | Theodore F. Green |
| Before Party: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| After Election: | Theodore F. Green |
| After Party: | Democratic Party (United States) |
See main article: 1954 United States Senate election in Rhode Island.
See also: List of United States senators from Rhode Island and 1954 United States House of Representatives elections in Rhode Island.
| Election Name: | 1954 United States Senate election in South Carolina |
| Country: | South Carolina |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1948 United States Senate election in South Carolina |
| Previous Year: | 1948 |
| Next Election: | 1956 United States Senate special election in South Carolina |
| Next Year: | 1956 (special) |
| Election Date: | November 2, 1954 |
| Image1: | Governor Strom Thurmond b&w crop.jpg |
| Candidate1: | Strom Thurmond |
| Party1: | Democratic Party (US) |
| Popular Vote1: | 143,444 |
| Percentage1: | 63.13% |
| Candidate2: | Edgar A. Brown |
| Party2: | Democratic Party (US) |
| Popular Vote2: | 83,525 |
| Percentage2: | 36.76% |
| Map Size: | 220px |
| U.S. Senator | |
| Before Election: | Charles E. Daniel |
| Before Party: | Democratic Party (US) |
| After Election: | Strom Thurmond |
| After Party: | Democratic Party (US) |
See main article: 1954 United States Senate election in South Carolina.
See also: List of United States senators from South Carolina and 1954 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina.
In South Carolina, Senator Burnet R. Maybank did not face a primary challenge in the summer and was therefore renominated as the Democratic Party's nominee for the election in the fall. However, his death on September 1 left the Democratic Party without a nominee and the executive committee decided to nominate state Senator Edgar A. Brown as their candidate for the election. Many South Carolinians were outraged by the party's decision to forgo a primary election and former Governor Strom Thurmond entered the race as a write-in candidate. He easily won the election and became the first U.S. senator to be elected by a write-in vote (William Knowland of California in 1946 was technically the first, but the ballots in that election were blank with no candidates listed, so essentially every candidate was running a write-in campaign).[7]
Sitting Senator Burnet R. Maybank entered the 1954 contest without a challenge in the Democratic primary nor in the general election. His unexpected death on September 1 caused panic and confusion within the hierarchy of the state Democratic party because the state law required that a party's nominee be certified by September 3. Hours after Maybank's funeral, the state Democratic executive committee met in secret and chose state Senator Edgar A. Brown of Barnwell County as the party's nominee for the general election. Not only was Brown a part of the "Barnwell Ring", but he was also a member of the executive committee.
The state Democratic Party's decision to choose a candidate without holding a special primary election drew widespread criticism across the state. On September 3, The Greenville News ran an editorial advocating that a primary election be called and several newspapers across the state followed suit. At least six county Democratic committees repudiated the action by the state committee and called for a primary election. Despite repeated calls for a primary, the state executive committee voted against holding a primary because they did not think that there was enough time before the general election to hold a primary election.
Immediately after the executive committee voted against holding a primary election, former Governor Strom Thurmond and lumberman Marcus Stone announced their intention to run as Democratic write-in candidates. Thurmond and his supporters stated that the executive committee had several legal alternatives as opposed to the outright appointment of state Senator Brown. In addition, Thurmond promised that if he were elected he would resign in 1956 so that the voters could choose a candidate in the regular primary for the remaining four years of the term.
Thurmond received support from Governor James F. Byrnes and from those who backed his Presidential bid as a Dixiecrat in the 1948 Presidential election. Thurmond framed the race as a "moral issue: democracy versus committee rule"[8] and his write-in campaign was repeatedly assisted by every newspaper in the state, except for those in Anderson. For instance, The News and Courier devoted its front page on November 2 to show voters a sample ballot and it also provided detailed instructions on how to cast a write-in vote. Not only that, but the newspaper also printed an editorial on the front page giving precise reasons why voters should vote for Thurmond instead of Brown.
On the other hand, Brown was supported by the Democratic party regulars and he also gained the endorsement of Senator Olin D. Johnston. Brown based his campaign entirely on the issue of party loyalty, stressing that Thurmond was a Republican ally because he had voted for President Eisenhower in 1952.
Marcus A. Stone, a lumberman in Florence and Dillon, was a candidate in previous Democratic primaries for governor and senator. He did very little campaigning for the general election.
| Election Name: | 1954 United States Senate election in South Dakota |
| Country: | South Dakota |
| Flag Year: | 1909 |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1948 United States Senate election in South Dakota |
| Previous Year: | 1948 |
| Next Election: | 1960 United States Senate election in South Dakota |
| Next Year: | 1960 |
| Election Date: | November 2, 1954 |
| Image1: | File:Rep. Karl Mundt, Repub., of S.D., 2-21-40 LCCN2016877155 (cropped).jpg |
| Nominee1: | Karl E. Mundt |
| Party1: | Republican Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote1: | 135,071 |
| Percentage1: | 57.30% |
| Nominee2: | Kenneth Holum |
| Party2: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote2: | 100,674 |
| Percentage2: | 42.70% |
| Map Size: | 240px |
| U.S. Senator | |
| Before Election: | Karl E. Mundt |
| Before Party: | Republican Party (United States) |
| After Election: | Karl E. Mundt |
| After Party: | Republican Party (United States) |
See main article: 1954 United States Senate election in South Dakota.
See also: List of United States senators from South Dakota.
| Election Name: | 1954 United States Senate election in Tennessee |
| Country: | Tennessee |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1948 United States Senate election in Tennessee |
| Previous Year: | 1948 |
| Next Election: | 1960 United States Senate election in Tennessee |
| Next Year: | 1960 |
| Election Date: | November 2, 1954 |
| Image1: | SenatorKefauver(D-TN).jpg |
| Nominee1: | Estes Kefauver |
| Party1: | Democratic Party (US) |
| Popular Vote1: | 249,121 |
| Percentage1: | 69.96% |
| Nominee2: | Thomas P. Wall Jr |
| Party2: | Republican Party (US) |
| Popular Vote2: | 106,971 |
| Percentage2: | 30.04% |
| Senator | |
| Before Election: | Estes Kefauver |
| Before Party: | Democratic Party (US) |
| After Election: | Estes Kefauver |
| After Party: | Democratic Party (US) |
See main article: 1954 United States Senate election in Tennessee.
See also: List of United States senators from Tennessee.
| Election Name: | 1954 United States Senate election in Texas |
| Country: | Texas |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1948 United States Senate election in Texas |
| Previous Year: | 1948 |
| Next Election: | 1960 United States Senate election in Texas |
| Next Year: | 1960 |
| Election Date: | November 2, 1954 |
| Image1: | File: Senator Lyndon Johnson (1).jpg |
| Nominee1: | Lyndon B. Johnson |
| Party1: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote1: | 538,417 |
| Percentage1: | 84.59% |
| Nominee2: | Carlos Watson |
| Party2: | Republican Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote2: | 95,033 |
| Percentage2: | 14.93% |
| U.S. Senator | |
| Before Election: | Lyndon B. Johnson |
| Before Party: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| After Election: | Lyndon B. Johnson |
| After Party: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Map Size: | 310px |
See main article: 1954 United States Senate election in Texas.
See also: List of United States senators from Texas.
| Election Name: | 1954 United States Senate election in Virginia |
| Country: | Virginia |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1948 United States Senate election in Virginia |
| Previous Year: | 1948 |
| Next Election: | 1960 United States Senate election in Virginia |
| Next Year: | 1960 |
| Election Date: | November 2, 1954 |
| Image1: | Absalom Robertson.png |
| Nominee1: | Absalom Willis Robertson |
| Party1: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote1: | 244,844 |
| Percentage1: | 79.88% |
| Nominee2: | Charles W. Lewis, Jr. |
| Party2: | Independent Democrat |
| Popular Vote2: | 32,681 |
| Percentage2: | 10.66% |
| Image3: | No_image.svg |
| Nominee3: | Clarke T. Robb |
| Party3: | Independent |
| Popular Vote3: | 28,922 |
| Percentage3: | 9.44% |
| Map Size: | 300px |
| U.S. Senator | |
| Before Election: | Absalom Willis Robertson |
| Before Party: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| After Election: | Absalom Willis Robertson |
| After Party: | Democratic Party (United States) |
See main article: 1954 United States Senate election in Virginia.
See also: List of United States senators from Virginia.
In Virginia, Democratic incumbent Senator A. Willis Robertson defeated Independent Democrat Charles Lewis and Social Democrat Clarke Robb and was re-elected to a third term in office.
| Election Name: | 1954 United States Senate election in West Virginia |
| Country: | West Virginia |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1948 United States Senate election in West Virginia |
| Previous Year: | 1948 |
| Next Election: | 1958 United States Senate special election in West Virginia |
| Next Year: | 1958 (special) |
| Election Date: | November 2, 1954 |
| Nominee1: | Matthew M. Neely |
| Party1: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote1: | 325,263 |
| Percentage1: | 54.82% |
| Nominee2: | Thomas Sweeney |
| Party2: | Republican Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote2: | 268,066 |
| Percentage2: | 45.18% |
| Map Size: | 235px |
| U.S. Senator | |
| Before Election: | Matthew M. Neely |
| Before Party: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| After Election: | Matthew M. Neely |
| After Party: | Democratic Party (United States) |
See main article: 1954 United States Senate election in West Virginia.
See also: List of United States senators from West Virginia and 1954 United States House of Representatives elections in West Virginia.
See also: List of United States senators from Wyoming. There were two elections the same day to the same seat, due to the June 19, 1954, death of Democrat Lester C. Hunt. Both elections were won by Democratic former senator Joseph C. O'Mahoney.
See main article: 1954 United States Senate elections in Wyoming. Republican Edward D. Crippa was appointed June 24, 1954, to continue the term, pending a November 2 special election.
| Election Name: | 1954 United States Senate elections in Wyoming |
| Country: | Wyoming |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1948 United States Senate election in Wyoming |
| Previous Year: | 1948 |
| Next Election: | 1960 United States Senate election in Wyoming |
| Next Year: | 1960 |
| Election Date: | November 2, 1954 |
| Image1: | Sen. Joseph O'Mahoney, LCCN2016876768 (cropped).jpg |
| Nominee1: | Joseph C. O'Mahoney |
| Party1: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote1: | 57,845 |
| Percentage1: | 51.53% |
| Nominee2: | William Henry Harrison III |
| Party2: | Republican Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote2: | 54,407 |
| Percentage2: | 48.47% |
| Map Size: | 255px |
| U.S. Senator | |
| Before Election: | Edward D. Crippa |
| Before Party: | Republican Party (United States) |
| After Election: | Joseph C. O'Mahoney |
| After Party: | Democratic Party (United States) |
See main article: 1954 United States Senate elections in Wyoming.
O'Mahoney would serve out the remainder of Hunt's term followed by this one term and then retire after 1960.