| Election Name: | 1916 United States Senate elections |
| Country: | United States |
| Flag Year: | 1912 |
| Type: | legislative |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1914 United States Senate elections |
| Previous Year: | 1914 |
| Next Election: | 1918 United States Senate elections |
| Next Year: | 1918 |
| Seats For Election: | 35 of the 96 seats in the United States Senate |
| Majority Seats: | 49 |
| Election Date: | November 7, 1916 |
| 1Blank: | Seats up |
| Party1: | Democratic Party (US) |
| Image1: | JohnWKern.jpg |
| Leader1: | John W. Kern (lost re-election) |
| Leader Since1: | March 4, 1911 |
| Leaders Seat1: | Indiana |
| Seats Before1: | 56 |
| Seats1: | 17 |
| Seats After1: | 54 |
| Seat Change1: | 2 |
| 1Data1: | 19 |
| Party2: | Republican Party (US) |
| Leader2: | Jacob H. Gallinger |
| Leader Since2: | March 4, 1911 |
| Leaders Seat2: | New Hampshire |
| Seats Before2: | 40 |
| Seats2: | 18 |
| Seats After2: | 42 |
| Seat Change2: | 2 |
| 1Data2: | 16 |
| Map Size: | 320px |
| Majority conference chairman | |
| Before Election: | John W. Kern |
| Before Party: | Democratic Party (US) |
| After Election: | Thomas S. Martin |
| After Party: | Democratic Party (US) |
The 1916 United States Senate elections were elections that coincided with the re-election of President Woodrow Wilson. This was the first election since the enactment of the Seventeenth Amendment that all 32 Class 1 senators were selected by direct or popular elections instead of state legislatures. Republicans gained a net of two seats from the Democrats, and then an additional two seats through mid-term vacancies thereby reducing Democrats to a 52–44 majority.
Four Republicans and two Democrats retired instead of seeking re-election.
Nine Democrats and five Republicans sought re-election but lost in the primary or general election.
Eight Democrats and two Republicans died during the 65th Congress, and initially were all replaced by appointees except in Wisconsin. In Wisconsin, Democratic Senator Paul O. Husting died on October 21, 1917, and his seat remained vacant until an April 1918 election.
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In these special elections, the winner was seated during 1916 or before March 4, 1917; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||||||
| Maine (Class 2) | Edwin C. Burleigh | Republican | 1913 | Incumbent died June 16, 1916. A new senator elected September 11, 1916. Republican hold. | nowrap | ||||
| Arkansas (Class 3) | James P. Clarke | Democratic | 1903 1909 1914 | Incumbent died October 1, 1916. New senator elected November 7, 1916. Democratic hold. | nowrap | ||||
| Indiana (Class 3) | Thomas Taggart | Democratic | 1916 | Interim appointee lost election to finish term. New senator elected November 7, 1916. Republican gain. | nowrap | ||||
In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1917; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | ||||||
| Arizona | Henry F. Ashurst | Democratic | 1912 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | |||
| California | John D. Works | Republican | 1911 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Republican hold. | nowrap | |||
| Connecticut | George P. McLean | Republican | 1911 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | |||
| Delaware | Henry A. du Pont | Republican | 1906 1911 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain. | nowrap | |||
| Florida | Nathan P. Bryan | Democratic | 1911 1911 | Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Democratic hold. | nowrap | |||
| Indiana | John W. Kern | Democratic | 1911 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Republican gain. | nowrap | |||
| Maine | Charles F. Johnson | Democratic | 1911 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected September 11, 1916. Republican gain. | nowrap | |||
| Maryland | Blair Lee I | Democratic | 1913 | Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Republican gain. | nowrap | |||
| Massachusetts | Henry Cabot Lodge | Republican | 1893 1899 1905 1911 | Incumbent re-elected | nowrap | |||
| Michigan | Charles E. Townsend | Republican | 1911 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | |||
| Minnesota | Moses E. Clapp | Republican | 1901 1905 1911 | Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Republican hold. | nowrap | |||
| Mississippi | John Sharp Williams | Democratic | 1908 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | |||
| Missouri | James A. Reed | Democratic | 1911 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | |||
| Montana | Henry L. Myers | Democratic | 1911 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | |||
| Nebraska | Gilbert Hitchcock | Democratic | 1911 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | |||
| Nevada | Key Pittman | Democratic | 1913 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | |||
| New Jersey | James E. Martine | Democratic | 1911 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Republican gain. | nowrap | |||
| New Mexico | Thomas B. Catron | Republican | 1912 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Democratic gain. | nowrap | |||