| Election Name: | 1910–11 United States Senate elections |
| Country: | United States |
| Flag Year: | 1908 |
| Type: | legislative |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1908–09 United States Senate elections |
| Next Election: | 1912–13 United States Senate elections |
| Seats For Election: | 36 of the 92 seats in the United States Senate |
| Majority Seats: | 47 |
| Election Date: | January 18, 1910 – July 12, 1911 |
| 1Blank: | Seats up |
| Party1: | Republican Party (US) |
| Image1: | Picture of Shelby M. Cullom.jpg |
| Leader1: | Shelby Moore Cullom (retired) |
| Leader Since1: | March 4, 1909 |
| Leaders Seat1: | Illinois |
| Seats1: | 15 |
| Seats Before1: | 59 |
| Seats After1: | 50 |
| Seat Change1: | 9 |
| 1Data1: | 25 |
| Party2: | Democratic Party (US) |
| Leader2: | Thomas S. Martin |
| Leader Since2: | March 4, 1909 |
| Leaders Seat2: | Virginia |
| Seats2: | 13 |
| Seats Before2: | 33 |
| Seats After2: | 42 |
| Seat Change2: | 9 |
| 1Data2: | 11 |
| Majority conference chairman | |
| Before Election: | Eugene Hale |
| Before Party: | Republican Party (US) |
| After Election: | Shelby Moore Cullom |
| After Party: | Republican Party (US) |
| Map Size: | 320px |
The 1910–11 United States Senate election were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were primarily chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1910 and 1911, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] However, some states had already begun direct elections during this time. Oregon pioneered direct election and experimented with different measures over several years until it succeeded in 1907. Soon after, Nebraska followed suit and laid the foundation for other states to adopt measures reflecting the people's will. By 1912, as many as 29 states elected senators either as nominees of their party's primary or in conjunction with a general election.
In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 1. In conjunction with winning control of the House of Representatives for the first time since the 1892 elections, Democrats flipped 9 Senate seats. This was not enough to flip the Senate, but significantly narrowed the margin of Republican control.
In New York and Florida, the legislature failed to elect until after the beginning of the 62nd Congress on March 4. Special elections were held in six states: Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Dakota, and West Virginia.
Senate party division, 62nd Congress (1911–1913):
Four seats were added in early 1912 for new states: Arizona (which elected 2 Democrats) and New Mexico (which elected 2 Republicans).
At the beginning of 1910.
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In these elections, the winners were seated during 1910 or in 1911 before March 4; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||||||
| Mississippi (Class 2) | James Gordon | Democratic | 1909 | Interim appointee retired. New senator elected February 23, 1910.[2] Democratic hold. | nowrap | ||||
| Louisiana (Class 3) | John Thornton | Democratic | 1910 | Interim appointee elected December 6, 1910.[3] | nowrap | ||||
| North Dakota (Class 3) | William E. Purcell | Democratic | 1910 | Interim appointee lost election. New senator elected January 17, 1911. Republican gain. Winner took office February 11, 1911, upon resigning from the U.S. House. | nowrap | ||||
| West Virginia (Class 2) | Davis Elkins | Republican | 1910 | Interim appointee lost election. New senator elected February 1, 1911. Democratic gain. | nowrap | ||||
In this election, the winner were seated in the 63rd Congress, starting March 4, 1913.
In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1911; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | ||||||
| California | Frank P. Flint | Republican | 1905 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 10, 1911.[4] Republican hold. | nowrap | |||
| Connecticut | Morgan Bulkeley | Republican | 1905 | Incumbent lost renomination and re-election. New senator elected January 17, 1911. Republican hold. | nowrap | |||
| Delaware | Henry A. du Pont | Republican | 1906 | Incumbent re-elected January 25, 1911.[5] | nowrap | |||
| Florida | James Taliaferro | Democratic | 1899 1905 1905 | Incumbent lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect. Democratic loss. New senator was appointed to begin the term. | nowrap | |||
| Indiana | Albert J. Beveridge | Republican | 1899 1905 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 17, 1911. Democratic gain. | nowrap | |||
| Maine | Eugene Hale | Republican | 1881 1887 1893 1899 1905 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 17, 1911. Democratic gain. | nowrap | |||
| Maryland | Isidor Rayner | Democratic | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1910. | nowrap | |||
| Massachusetts | Henry Cabot Lodge | Republican | 1893 1899 1905 | Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1911.[6] | nowrap | |||
| Michigan | Julius C. Burrows | Republican | 1895 1899 1905 | Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected January 17, 1911. Republican hold. | nowrap | |||
| Minnesota | Moses E. Clapp | Republican | 1901 1905 | Incumbent re-elected January 17, 1911. | nowrap | |||
| Mississippi | Hernando Money | Democratic | 1897 1899 1904 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected early January 21, 1908.[7] Democratic hold. | nowrap | |||
| Missouri | William Warner | Republican | 1905 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 17, 1911. Democratic gain. | nowrap | |||
| Montana | Thomas H. Carter | Republican | 1895 1901 1905 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected March 2, 1911. Democratic gain. | nowrap | |||
| Nebraska | Elmer Burkett | Republican | 1905 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 17, 1911, ratifying the popular selection made in 1910 state elections. Democratic gain. | nowrap | |||
| Nevada | George S. Nixon | Republican | 1905 | Incumbent re-elected January 24, 1911, ratifying the popular selection made in 1910 state elections. | nowrap | |||
| New Jersey | John Kean | Republican | 1899 1905 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 25, 1911. Democratic gain. | nowrap | |||
| New York | Chauncey Depew | Republican | 1899 1905 | Incumbent ran for re-election, but legislature failed to elect. Republican loss. A new senator was elected late, see below. | nowrap | |||
| North Dakota | Porter J. McCumber | Republican | 1899 1905 | Incumbent re-elected January 17, 1911. | nowrap | |||
| Ohio | Charles W. F. Dick | Republican | 1904 1904 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 10, 1911. Democratic gain. | nowrap | |||
| Pennsylvania | George T. Oliver | Republican | 1909 | Incumbent re-elected January 11, 1911. | nowrap | |||
| Rhode Island | Nelson W. Aldrich | Republican | 1881 1886 1892 1898 1905 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 18, 1911. Republican hold. | nowrap | |||
| Tennessee | James B. Frazier | Democratic | 1905 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 23, 1911. Democratic hold. | nowrap | |||
| Texas | Charles Allen Culberson | Democratic | 1899 1905 | Incumbent re-elected January 24, 1911. | nowrap | |||
| Utah | George Sutherland | Republican | 1905 | Incumbent re-elected January 17, 1911. | nowrap | |||
| Vermont | Carroll S. Page | Republican | 1908 | Incumbent re-elected October 18, 1910. | nowrap | |||
| Virginia | nowrap | John W. Daniel | Democratic | 1887 1893 1899 1904 | Incumbent re-elected January 25, 1910. Incumbent died June 29, 1910. A new senator was appointed to finish the term, and reappointed to begin the new term. The new senator was subsequently elected to finish the new term. | nowrap | ||
| Washington | Samuel H. Piles | Republican | 1905 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 17, 1911. Republican hold. | nowrap | |||
| West Virginia | Nathan B. Scott | Republican | 1899 1905 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected February 1, 1911. Democratic gain. | nowrap | |||
| Wisconsin | Robert M. La Follette | Republican | 1905 | Incumbent re-elected January 24, 1911. | nowrap | |||
| Wyoming | Clarence D. Clark | Republican | 1905 | Incumbent re-elected January 24, 1911. | nowrap | |||
In these elections, the winners were elected in 1911 after March 4; ordered by date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||||||
| New York (Class 1) | Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect, see above. New senator elected late March 31, 1911 on the sixty-fourth ballot. Democratic gain. | nowrap | ||||||
| Iowa (Class 2) | Lafayette Young | Republican | 1911 | Interim appointee lost election to finish the term. New senator elected April 12, 1911. Republican hold. | nowrap | ||||
| Florida (Class 1) | Nathan P. Bryan | Democratic | 1911 | Interim appointee elected late April 18, 1911. | nowrap | ||||
| Georgia (Class 3) | Joseph M. Terrell | Democratic | 1910 | Interim appointee lost election. New senator elected July 12, 1911. Democratic hold. | nowrap | ||||
See also: List of United States senators from Alabama. Democrat John H. Bankhead was re-elected early January 17, 1911 for the 1913 term.
See also: List of United States senators from California and 1910 United States House of Representatives elections in California.
Incumbent Senator Frank P. Flint, who had been elected in 1905, retired. Republican John D. Works received a plurality of votes cast at a Republican state primary. Republican A. G. Spalding, however, carried a majority of the legislative districts represented by Republicans. In the legislature, Works was elected January 10, 1911, with 92 votes over Spalding's 21 votes, and a scattering of votes for various Democrats.[4]
See also: List of United States senators from Connecticut.
Republican incumbent Morgan Bulkeley, who had been elected in 1905, lost renomination in a Republican legislative caucus 113–64 to George P. McLean.
McLean was then elected January 17, 1911, with 177 votes to Democrat Homer Stille Cummings's 110 votes.[4]
See also: List of United States senators from Delaware.
First-term Republican Henry A. du Pont was re-elected January 25, 1911.[5] He beat Democrat Willard Saulsbury Jr..
Saulsbury would be elected in 1913 to the other Delaware senate seat. Du Pont would lose re-election in 1916, the first popular Senate election in Delaware.
See also: List of United States senators from Florida. In June 1910, incumbent Democrat James Taliaferro lost a non-binding primary to former Governor Napoleon B. Broward for the term which started on March 4, 1911.[8] Broward died in October.[9] In early February 1911, Nathan P. Bryan won a non-binding primary for the seat, defeating William A. Blount 19,991 to 19,381.[10] The governor then appointed Bryan to fill the vacancy.[11]
In April 1911, the Florida Legislature unanimously elected Bryan to the remainder of the term.[12]
See also: List of United States senators from Georgia.
Three-term Democrat Alexander S. Clay died November 13, 1910, and Democratic former-Governor of Georgia Joseph M. Terrell was appointed November 17, 1910, to continue the term, pending a special election.
Democratic Governor of Georgia M. Hoke Smith won the July 12, 1911, special election to finish the term that would end in 1915.
Smith had just begun his gubernatorial term July 1, 1911, when he was elected to the Senate. Although formally elected and qualified, Smith chose not to take office until November 16, 1911, so he could continue being Governor of Georgia.[13]
Smith would later be re-elected in 1914 and would serve through 1921.
See also: List of United States senators from Indiana.
See also: List of United States senators from Iowa.
See also: List of United States senators from Louisiana.
See also: List of United States senators from Maine.
See also: List of United States senators from Maryland.
| Election Name: | 1910 United States Senate election in Maryland |
| Popular Vote1: | 80 |
| Colour1: | B0CEFF |
| Percentage1: | 70.49% |
| Party1: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Candidate1: | Isidor Rayner |
| Image1: | Isidor Rayner standing photograph portrait.jpg |
| Next Year: | 1913 |
| Next Election: | 1913 United States Senate special election in Maryland |
| Previous Year: | 1904 |
| Previous Election: | 1904 United States Senate election in Maryland |
| Votes For Election: | 80 members of the Maryland General Assembly |
| Vote Type: | Legislative |
| Election Date: | February 1, 1910 |
| Type: | presidential |
Isidor Rayner won election by an unknown margin for the Class 1 seat.[14]
See also: List of United States senators from Massachusetts.
See also: List of United States senators from Michigan.
See also: List of United States senators from Minnesota.
See also: List of United States senators from Mississippi.
See main article: 1908 United States Senate election in Mississippi. Three-term Democrat Hernando Money retired from the class 1 seat. In 1908 the Mississippi legislature had already unanimously elected Democratic congressman John Sharp Williams early for the next term.[7]
Three-term Democrat Anselm J. McLaurin died December 22, 1909, and Democrat James Gordon was appointed December 27, 1909, to continue the term pending a special election, in which he was not a candidate. The day after his appointment to the class 2 seat, he was identified as a former fugitive who had been sought as a suspect in the conspiracy to assassinate President Abraham Lincoln. Gordon was listed in 1865 by the United States government as a fugitive, and a reward of $10,000 had been offered for his capture, dead or alive. Later that year, he was ruled out of the suspects.[15] Gordon then admitted that he had met with John Wilkes Booth in Montreal in March 1865, and had discussed plans to kidnap Lincoln, but denied any discussion of murder.[16]
A plurality of legislators backed the white supremacist James K. Vardaman, but the fractured remainder sought to thwart his extreme racial policies. A majority united behind Percy to block Vardaman, instead electing Democrat LeRoy Percy February 23, 1910, to finish the term that would end in 1913.[2]
Percy would later lose renomination in 1912 to the next term.
See also: List of United States senators from Missouri.
See also: List of United States senators from Montana.
Democrat Henry L. Myers was elected on the 80th joint ballot by the Montana state legislature, winning 53 votes to incumbent Republican Thomas H. Carter's 45. Carter had led on the first ballot with 31 votes to Democrat Thomas J. Walsh's 28.
See also: List of United States senators from Nebraska.
Democratic nominee Gilbert Hitchcock defeated Republican incumbent Senator Elmer Burkett by a very narrow margin of 9.16%.Gilbert Hitchcock was the first Democrat ever to have won a United States Senate seat from Nebraska and he was the first non-Republican to have won a United States Senate seat from Nebraska since William Vincent Allen in 1893.
See also: List of United States senators from Nevada.
See also: List of United States senators from New Jersey.
| Election Name: | New York election |
| Country: | New York |
| Flag Year: | 1908 |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1905 United States Senate election in New York |
| Previous Year: | 1905 |
| Next Election: | 1916 United States Senate election in New York |
| Next Year: | 1916 |
| Election Date: | January 17 – March 31, 1911 |
| Votes For Election: | 201 members of the New York Assembly |
| Needed Votes: | 101 |
| Image1: | O'GORMAN, J.A. SENATOR LCCN2016857995 (cropped).jpg |
| Nominee1: | James A. O'Gorman |
| Party1: | Democratic Party (US) |
| Electoral Vote1: | 112 |
| Percentage1: | 58.33% |
| Nominee2: | Chauncey Depew |
| Party2: | Republican Party (US) |
| Electoral Vote2: | 80 |
| Percentage2: | 41.67% |
| U.S. senator | |
| Before Election: | Chauncey Depew |
| Before Party: | Republican Party (US) |
| After Election: | James A. O'Gorman |
| After Party: | Democratic Party (US) |
See also: List of United States senators from New York.
See main article: 1911 United States Senate election in New York. Republican incumbent Chauncey M. Depew had been re-elected to this seat in 1905, and his term would expire on March 3, 1911. At the State election in November 1910, John Alden Dix was elected Governor, the first Democrat to hold the position since 1894. Democrats also unexpectedly carried the state legislative elections, and controlled both the Senate and the Assembly. The 134th New York State Legislature met from January 4 to October 6, 1911, in Albany, New York. Democratic Ex-Lieutenant Governor William F. Sheehan announced his candidacy on December 30, 1910. Before the State election, when a Democratic victory seemed to be improbable, Sheehan had made an agreement with Tammany Hall leader Charles Francis Murphy that the Tammany men would support Sheehan for the U.S. Senate. The Democratic caucus met on January 16 and nominated Sheehan over Edward M. Shepard and D. Cady Herrick. The Republican caucus met on January 16 and re-nominated Chauncey M. Depew unanimously.
From January 17 through March 3, the legislature was deadlocked through 39 ballots, with anti-Tammany Democrats led by newly elected State Senator Franklin Delano Roosevelt refusing to support Sheehan. On March 3, 1911, Depew's term ended.
The deadlock continued over another 19 ballots despite the vacant seat. Democrats then held a new caucus and nominated James A. O'Gorman, a justice of the New York Supreme Court. O'Gorman was elected over Depew on March 31, 1911.
| Candidate | Party | 64th joint ballot Mar 31 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chauncey M. Depew | Republican | align=center | 80 | ||
| James A. O'Gorman | Democratic | align=center | 112 |
See also: List of United States senators from North Dakota.
See also: List of United States senators from Ohio.
See main article: 1911 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania.
See also: List of United States senators from Pennsylvania. The Pennsylvania election was held January 17, 1911. Incumbent George T. Oliver was re-elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly.[17]
See also: List of United States senators from Rhode Island.
See also: List of United States senators from Tennessee.
See also: List of United States senators from Texas.
See also: List of United States senators from Utah.
See also: List of United States senators from Vermont.
See also: List of United States senators from Virginia.
See also: List of United States senators from Washington.
See also: List of United States senators from West Virginia.
See also: List of United States senators from West Virginia.
See also: List of United States senators from Wisconsin.
See also: List of United States senators from Wyoming.