| Election Name: | 1806–07 United States Senate elections |
| Country: | United States |
| Flag Year: | 1795 |
| Type: | legislative |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1804–05 United States Senate elections |
| Next Election: | 1808–09 United States Senate elections |
| Seats For Election: | 11 of the 34 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) |
| Majority Seats: | 18 |
| Election Date: | Dates vary by state |
| 1Blank: | Seats up |
| Party1: | Democratic-Republican Party |
| Last Election1: | 27 seats |
| Seats Before1: | 27 |
| Seats1: | 10 |
| Seats After1: | 28 |
| Seat Change1: | 1 |
| 1Data1: | 9 |
| Party2: | Federalist Party |
| Last Election2: | 7 seats |
| Seats Before2: | 7 |
| Seats2: | 1 |
| Seats After2: | 6 |
| Seat Change2: | 1 |
| 1Data2: | 2 |
| Majority Party | |
| Before Party: | Democratic-Republican Party |
| After Party: | Democratic-Republican Party |
The 1806–07 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1806 and 1807, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 3.
The Democratic-Republican Party increased its overwhelming control of the Senate by one additional seat. The Federalists went into the elections with such a small share of Senate seats (7 out of 34, or 21%) that even if they had won every election, they would still have remained a minority caucus. As it was, however, they lost one of the two seats they were defending and picked up no gains from their opponents.
Senate party division, 10th Congress (1807–1809)
| DR | DR | DR | DR | DR | DR | DR | |||||||||||||
| width=50px | DR | width=50px | DR | width=50px | DR | width=50px | DR | width=50px | DR | width=50px | DR | width=50px | DR | width=50px | DR | width=50px | DR | width=50px | DR |
| Majority → | DR | ||||||||||||||||||
| DR | DR | DR | DR | DR | DR | DR | DR | DR | |||||||||||
| F | F | F | F | F | F | F |
| DR | DR | DR | DR | DR | DR | DR | |||||||||||||
| width=50px | DR | width=50px | DR | width=50px | DR | width=50px | DR | width=50px | DR | width=50px | DR | width=50px | DR | width=50px | DR | width=50px | DR | width=50px | DR |
| Majority → | DR | ||||||||||||||||||
| DR | DR | DR | DR | DR | DR | DR | DR | DR | |||||||||||
| DR | F | F | F | F | F | F |
| Key: |
|
|---|
Except if/when noted, the number following candidates is the whole number vote(s), not a percentage.
In these special elections, the winner was seated during 1806 or before March 4, 1807; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||||||
| Georgia (Class 3) | James Jackson | Democratic-Republican | 1793 1795 1800 | Incumbent died March 19, 1806. New senator elected June 19, 1806. Democratic-Republican hold. | nowrap | ||||
| Kentucky (Class 3) | John Adair | Democratic-Republican | 1805 | Incumbent resigned November 18, 1806 after losing re-election, see below. New senator elected November 19, 1806, despite being younger than the constitutional minimum. Democratic-Republican hold. | nowrap | ||||
| Maryland (Class 3) | Robert Wright | Democratic-Republican | 1801 | Incumbent resigned November 12, 1806 to become Governor of Maryland. New senator elected November 25, 1806. Democratic-Republican hold. Winner also elected to the next term, see below. | nowrap | ||||
In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1807; ordered by state.
All the elections involved the Class 3 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | ||||||
| Connecticut | Uriah Tracy | Federalist | 1796 1801 | Incumbent re-elected in 1807. | nowrap | |||
| Georgia | John Milledge | Democratic- Republican | 1806 | Incumbent re-elected in 1806. | nowrap | |||
| Kentucky | John Adair | Democratic-Republican | 1805 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected November 13, 1806 on the fourth ballot. Democratic-Republican hold. Incumbent then resigned immediately and a new senator was elected to finish the term, see above. | nowrap | |||
| Maryland | Robert Wright | Democratic-Republican | 1801 | Incumbent resigned November 12, 1806 to become Governor of Maryland. New senator elected in 1806 or 1807. Democratic-Republican hold. Winner also elected to finish the current term, see above. | nowrap | |||
| New Hampshire | William Plumer | Federalist | 1802 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1807. Democratic-Republican gain. | nowrap | |||
| New York | John Smith | Democratic- Republican | 1804 | Incumbent re-elected February 3, 1807. | nowrap | |||
| North Carolina | David Stone | Democratic- Republican | 1800 | Incumbent retired to return to the State Superior Court, and then resigned early (February 17, 1807) New senator elected in 1806 on the seventh ballot. Democratic-Republican hold. | nowrap | |||
| Ohio | Thomas Worthington | Democratic- Republican | 1803 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected January 1, 1807. Democratic-Republican hold. | nowrap | |||
| Pennsylvania | George Logan | Democratic- Republican | 1801 1801 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1806. Democratic-Republican hold. | nowrap | |||
| South Carolina | John Gaillard | Democratic- Republican | 1804 | Incumbent re-elected December 9, 1806 on the second ballot. | nowrap | |||
| Vermont | Stephen R. Bradley | Democratic- Republican | 1791 1795 1801 | Incumbent re-elected in 1806. | nowrap | |||
In this special election, the winner was seated in 1807 after March 4; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||||||
| Vermont (Class 1) | Israel Smith | Democratic-Republican | 1802 | Incumbent resigned October 1, 1807. New senator elected October 10, 1807. Democratic-Republican hold. | nowrap | ||||
| Connecticut (Class 3) | Uriah Tracy | Federalist | 1796 1801 1807 | Incumbent died July 19, 1807. Samuel W. Dana (Federalist) was elected to finish the term, but declined the election.[2] New senator elected October 25, 1807 on the second ballot. Federalist hold. | nowrap | ||||
| Rhode Island (Class 2) | James Fenner | Democratic-Republican | 1804 | Incumbent resigned September 1807 to become Governor of Rhode Island. New senator elected October 26, 1807. Democratic-Republican hold. | nowrap | ||||
| Georgia (Class 2) | George Jones | Democratic-Republican | 1807 | Predecessor Abraham Baldwin (DR) had died March 4, 1807. Incumbent appointee lost re-election. New senator elected November 7, 1807. Democratic-Republican hold. | nowrap | ||||
See also: List of United States senators from Connecticut and 1806 United States House of Representatives election in Connecticut.
See also: List of United States senators from Georgia and 1806 United States House of Representatives election in Georgia.
Democratic-Republican Abraham Baldwin died March 4, 1807. Democratic-Republican George Jones was appointed August 27. 1807 to continue the term, pending a special election. Jones ran in the November 7, 1807 special election, but lost to Democratic-Republican William H. Crawford.
Democratic-Republican James Jackson, who had served since 1793 died March 19, 1806.
Democratic-Republican John Milledge was elected June 19, 1806.
Milledge was later re-elected to the next term.
See also: List of United States senators from Kentucky and 1806 United States House of Representatives elections in Kentucky.
See also: List of United States senators from Maryland.
| Election Name: | 1806 United States Senate elections in Maryland |
| Popular Vote1: | 47 |
| Colour1: | AACC99 |
| Percentage1: | 58.75% |
| Party1: | Democratic-Republican |
| Candidate1: | Philip Reed |
| Image1: | Philip Reed portrait.jpg |
| Popular Vote2: | 33 |
| Percentage2: | 41.25% |
| Candidate2: | William Hayward |
| Next Year: | 1813 |
| Next Election: | 1813 United States Senate special election in Maryland |
| Previous Year: | 1801 |
| Previous Election: | 1801 United States Senate special election in Maryland |
| Votes For Election: | 80 members of the Maryland General Assembly |
| Vote Type: | Legislative |
| Election Date: | November 25, 1806 |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Type: | presidential |
The Maryland General Assembly convened to both fill the unexpired term of Robert Wright who resigned to become Governor of Maryland, and to fill the next term. This election was therefore both the regular and special.
Philip Reed won election over William Hayward by a margin of 17.50%, or 33 votes, for the Class 3 seat.[3]
See also: List of United States senators from New Hampshire and 1806 United States House of Representatives election in New Hampshire.
See main article: 1807 United States Senate election in New York.
See also: List of United States senators from New York.
See also: List of United States senators from North Carolina.
See also: List of United States senators from Ohio.
See also: List of United States senators from Pennsylvania.
See also: List of United States senators from Rhode Island.
See also: List of United States senators from South Carolina.
See also: List of United States senators from Vermont and 1806 United States House of Representatives elections in Vermont.