Election Name: | 1800–01 United States Senate elections |
Country: | United States |
Flag Year: | 1795 |
Type: | legislative |
Ongoing: | no |
Previous Election: | 1798–99 United States Senate elections |
Next Election: | 1802–03 United States Senate elections |
Seats For Election: | 10 of the 32 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) |
Majority Seats: | 17 |
Election Date: | Dates vary by state |
1Blank: | Seats up |
2Blank: | Races won |
Party1: | Federalist Party |
Seats Before1: | 21 (65.6%) |
Seats After1: | 17 (54.8%) |
Seat Change1: | 4 |
1Data1: | 7 |
2Data1: | 3 |
Party2: | Democratic-Republican Party |
Seats Before2: | 11 (34.4%) |
Seats After2: | 14 (45.2%) |
Seat Change2: | 3 |
1Data2: | 3 |
2Data2: | 6 |
Majority Party | |
Before Party: | Federalist Party |
After Party: | Federalist Party |
The 1800–01 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states, coinciding with Thomas Jefferson being elected to the White House. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1800 and 1801, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 3.
Although the Federalists began the 7th Congress with a slim majority, Jefferson's Democratic-Republican Party took over the majority shortly thereafter due to mid-year special elections. By the time the first proper session of the 7th Congress met in December 1801, three seats had been gained by the Democratic-Republicans, leaving them with an overall majority of 17 seats and a government trifecta.
After the November 6, 1800 special election in New York.
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Except if/when noted, the number following candidates is the whole number vote(s), not a percentage.
In these special elections, the winner was seated before March 4, 1801; ordered by election date.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||||||
New York (Class 1) | James Watson | Federalist | 1798 | Incumbent resigned March 19, 1800, to become Naval Officer of the Port of New York. New senator elected April 3, 1800. Federalist hold. | nowrap | ||||
Massachusetts (Class 2) | Samuel Dexter | Federalist | 1798 | Incumbent resigned May 30, 1800 to become U.S. Secretary of War. New senator elected June 6, 1800. Federalist hold. | nowrap | ||||
New York (Class 3) | John Laurance | Federalist | 1796 | Incumbent resigned August 1800. New senator elected November 6, 1800. Democratic-Republican gain. | nowrap | ||||
Massachusetts (Class 1) | Benjamin Goodhue | Federalist | 1796 1796 | Incumbent resigned November 8, 1800. New senator elected November 14, 1800. Federalist hold. | nowrap | ||||
Maryland (Class 3) | James Lloyd | Federalist | 1797 | Incumbent resigned December 1, 1800. New senator elected December 12, 1800. Federalist hold. | nowrap | ||||
New Jersey (Class 1) | James Schureman | Federalist | 1799 | Incumbent resigned February 16, 1801. New senator elected February 28, 1801. Federalist hold. | nowrap |
In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1801; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | ||||||
Connecticut | Uriah Tracy | Federalist | 1796 | Incumbent re-elected in May 1801. | nowrap | |||
Georgia | James Gunn | Federalist | 1789 1794 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected November 19, 1800. Democratic-Republican gain. | nowrap | |||
Kentucky | Humphrey Marshall | Federalist | 1794 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected November 20, 1800. Democratic-Republican gain. | nowrap | |||
Maryland | William Hindman | Federalist | 1797 | Legislature failed to elect. Incumbent was later appointed to begin the next term. | nowrap | None. | ||
New Hampshire | John Langdon | Democratic- Republican | 1788 1794 or 1795 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected June 21, 1800. Federalist gain. | nowrap | |||
New York | John Armstrong | Democratic- Republican | 1800 | Incumbent re-elected January 27, 1801. | nowrap | |||
North Carolina | Timothy Bloodworth | Democratic- Republican | 1795 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected November 27, 1800. Democratic-Republican hold. | nowrap | |||
Pennsylvania | William Bingham | Federalist | 1795 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected February 18, 1801.[2] Democratic-Republican gain. | nowrap | |||
South Carolina | Jacob Read | Federalist | 1794 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1800 on the second ballot. Democratic-Republican gain. | nowrap | |||
Vermont | Elijah Paine | Federalist | 1794 | Incumbent re-elected October 21, 1800. | nowrap |
In these special elections, the winner was seated after March 4, 1801; ordered by election date.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||||||
Rhode Island (Class 2) | Ray Greene | Federalist | 1797 1798 | Incumbent resigned March 5, 1801. New senator elected May 6, 1801. Democratic-Republican gain. | nowrap | ||||
New Hampshire (Class 2) | Samuel Livermore | Federalist | 1798 | Incumbent resigned June 12, 1801. New senator elected June 17, 1801. Federalist hold. | nowrap | ||||
Vermont (Class 3) | Elijah Paine | Federalist | 1794 1800 | Incumbent resigned September 1, 1801. New senator elected October 14, 1801. Democratic-Republican gain. | nowrap | ||||
Maryland (Class 3) | William Hindman | Federalist | 1800 | Incumbent appointee did not run to finish the term New senator elected November 12, 1801 on the second ballot. Democratic-Republican gain. | nowrap | ||||
South Carolina (Class 2) | Charles Pinckney | Democratic- Republican | 1798 1798 | Incumbent resigned June 6, 1801. New senator elected December 3, 1801. Democratic-Republican hold. | nowrap | ||||
Pennsylvania (Class 3) | Peter Muhlenberg | Democratic- Republican | 1801 | Incumbent resigned June 30, 1801. New senator elected December 17, 1801.[3] Democratic-Republican hold. | nowrap |
See also: List of United States senators from Connecticut and 1800 United States House of Representatives election in Connecticut. Federalist Uriah Tracy was easily re-elected.
See also: List of United States senators from Georgia and 1800 United States House of Representatives election in Georgia.
See also: List of United States senators from Kentucky and 1801 United States House of Representatives elections in Kentucky.
See also: List of United States senators from Maryland.
Election Name: | 1800 United States Senate special election in Maryland |
Popular Vote1: | 45 |
Colour1: | AACC99 |
Percentage1: | 50.56% |
Party1: | Federalist Party |
Candidate1: | William Hindman |
Popular Vote2: | 44 |
Percentage2: | 49.44% |
Candidate2: | Richard Tilghman Earle |
Next Year: | 1801 |
Next Election: | 1801 United States Senate special election in Maryland |
Previous Year: | 1797 |
Previous Election: | 1797 United States Senate special election in Maryland |
Votes For Election: | 80 members of the Maryland General Assembly |
Vote Type: | Legislative |
Election Date: | December 9, 1800 |
Ongoing: | no |
Type: | presidential |
William Hindman won election over Richard Tilghman Earle by a margin of 10.11%, or 9 votes, for the Class 3 seat.[4]
The Maryland legislature failed to elect a senator before the March 4, 1801 beginning of the term. As such, William Hindman was appointed to fill the vacancy, and retired when a successor was elected.
Election Name: | 1801 United States Senate special election in Maryland |
Popular Vote1: | 60 |
Colour1: | AACC99 |
Percentage1: | 50.56% |
Party1: | Democratic-Republican |
Candidate1: | Robert Wright |
Image1: | Robertwrightofmaryland.jpg |
Popular Vote2: | 26 |
Colour2: | AACC99 |
Percentage2: | 30.23% |
Party2: | Democratic-Republican |
Candidate2: | William Winder |
Next Year: | 1806 |
Next Election: | 1806 United States Senate special election in Maryland |
Previous Year: | 1800 |
Previous Election: | 1800 United States Senate special election in Maryland |
Votes For Election: | 80 members of the Maryland General Assembly |
Vote Type: | Legislative |
Election Date: | December 9, 1800 |
Ongoing: | no |
Type: | presidential |
Robert Wright won election over William Winder by a margin of 39.53%, or 34 votes, for the Class 3 seat.[5]
See also: List of United States senators from Massachusetts and 1800–1801 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts.
See also: List of United States senators from New Hampshire and 1800 United States House of Representatives election in New Hampshire.
See also: List of United States senators from New Jersey and 1800 United States House of Representatives election in New Jersey.
See also: List of United States senators from New York and 1800 United States House of Representatives elections in New York.
See main article: 1801 United States Senate election in New York.
See main article: April 1800 United States Senate special election in New York.
See main article: November 1800 United States Senate special election in New York.
See also: List of United States senators from North Carolina and 1800 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina.
See also: List of United States senators from Pennsylvania and 1800 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania.
See main article: 1801 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania.
See main article: 1801 United States Senate special election in Pennsylvania.
See also: List of United States senators from Rhode Island and 1800–1801 United States House of Representatives elections in Rhode Island.
See also: List of United States senators from South Carolina and 1800 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina.
See also: List of United States senators from Vermont and 1800 United States House of Representatives elections in Vermont.