1882–83 United States Senate elections explained

Election Name:1882–83 United States Senate elections
Country:United States
Flag Year:1877
Type:legislative
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:1880–81 United States Senate elections
Next Election:1884–85 United States Senate elections
Seats For Election:26 of the 76 seats in the United States Senate (with special elections)
Majority Seats:39
Election Date:Dates vary by state
1Blank:Seats up
Party1:Republican Party (US)
Leader1:Henry B. Anthony
(retired)
Image1:Henry B. Anthony - Brady-Handy.jpg
Leader Since1:March 4, 1863
Leaders Seat1:Rhode Island
Seats Before1:37
Seats1:11
Seats After1:37
1Data1:11
Party2:Democratic Party (US)
Leader2:George H. Pendleton
Leader Since2:March 4, 1881
Leaders Seat2:Ohio
Seats Before2:37
Seats2:13
Seats After2:36
Seat Change2: 1
1Data2:14
Party4:Readjuster Party
Seats Before4:1
Seats4:1
Seats After4:2
Seat Change4: 1
1Data4:0
Party5:Independent (US)
Seats Before5:1
Seats5:0
Seats After5:0
Seat Change5: 1
1Data5:1
Majority Party
Before Party:Republican[1]
After Party:Republican

The 1882–83 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1882 and 1883, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[2] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 2.

The Republicans retained a narrow majority — 39 (and later 40) out of 76 seats — with the Readjusters in their caucus.

Results summary

Colored shading indicates party with largest share of that row.

PartiesTotal
DemocraticIndependentReadjusterRepublican
Before these elections37113776
Not up23012650
<-- Gap for "Not up" -->9011525
14001125
Up15 1013 29
<-- Gap for "Up" -->14101126
00000
10023
00000
Regular election
Incumbent retired31037
20—24
1 Independent replaced by 1 Republican
1 Republican replaced by 1 Democrat
1 Democrat replaced by 1 Republican		3
30047
Incumbent ran1100819
1000414
1 Democrat replaced by 1 Readjuster1
1 Republican lost and legislature failed to elect1
00033
1001718
Total elected13011125
Net change1113
Result36023775

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections

After the November 15, 1882 special election in Georgia.

DDDDDDDD
width=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px D
D
D
D
D
D
DDDDD
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
I
Plurality, with Readjuster in caucus and VP tie-breaking vote ↓RA
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
RRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRR

After the elections

DDDDDDDD
width=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px D
D
D
D
D
D
DDDDD
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
V
RA
Majority, with Readjusters in caucus ↓RA
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
RRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRR
Key:
align=center width=35px DDemocratic
align=center width=35px IIndependent
align=center width=35px RAReadjuster
align=center width=35px RRepublican
align=center width=35px VVacant

Race summaries

Special elections during the 47th Congress

In these elections, the winners were seated during 1882 or in 1883 before March 4; ordered by election date.

StateIncumbentResultsCandidates
SenatorPartyElectoral history
Iowa
(Class 2)		James W. McDillRepublican1881 Interim appointee elected January 25, 1882.
Winner did not run for re-election, see below.		nowrap
Georgia
(Class 2)		Benjamin H. HillDemocratic1877Incumbent died August 16, 1882.
Winner elected November 15, 1882.
Democratic hold.
Winner did not run for re-election, see below.		nowrap
Colorado
(Class 2)		George M. ChilcottRepublican1882 Interim appointee retired.
Winner elected January 27, 1883.
Republican hold.
Winner did not run for re-election, see below.		nowrap

Races leading to the 48th Congress

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1883; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

StateIncumbentResultsCandidates
SenatorPartyElectoral
history
AlabamaJohn Tyler MorganDemocratic1876Incumbent re-elected in 1882.nowrap
ArkansasAugustus GarlandDemocratic1876Incumbent re-elected in 1883.nowrap
ColoradoHorace TaborRepublican1883 Incumbent retired.
Winner's election date unknown.
Republican hold.		nowrap
DelawareEli SaulsburyDemocratic1870
1876		Incumbent re-elected in 1883.nowrap
GeorgiaMiddleton P. BarrowDemocratic1882 Incumbent retired.
Winner elected in 1883.
Democratic hold.		nowrap
IllinoisDavid DavisIndependent1876 or 1877Incumbent retired.
Winner elected in 1882.
Republican gain.		nowrap
IowaJames W. McDillRepublican1881
1882 		Incumbent retired.
Winner elected January 25, 1882.
Republican hold.		nowrap
KansasPreston B. PlumbRepublican1877Incumbent re-elected January 24, 1883.[3] nowrap
KentuckyJames B. BeckDemocratic1876Incumbent re-elected in 1882.nowrap
LouisianaJoseph R. WestRepublican1876Incumbent retired.
Winner elected in 1882.
Democratic gain.		nowrap
MaineWilliam P. FryeRepublican1881 Incumbent re-elected in 1883.nowrap
MassachusettsGeorge Frisbie HoarRepublican1877Incumbent re-elected in 1883.nowrap
MichiganThomas W. FerryRepublican1871
1877		Incumbent lost re-election.
Winner elected in 1882 or 1883.
Republican hold.		nowrap
MinnesotaWilliam WindomRepublican1870
1871
1877
1881 		Incumbent lost re-election.
Winner elected in 1883.
Republican hold.		nowrap
MississippiLucius Q. C. Lamar IIDemocratic1876Incumbent re-elected in 1883.nowrap
NebraskaAlvin SaundersRepublican1877Incumbent lost re-election.
Winner elected in 1883.
Republican hold.		nowrap
New HampshireEdward H. RollinsRepublican1876Incumbent lost re-election.
Legislature failed to elect.
Republican loss.		None.
New JerseyJohn R. McPhersonDemocratic1877Incumbent re-elected in 1883.nowrap
North CarolinaMatt W. RansomDemocratic1872
1876		Incumbent re-elected in 1883.nowrap
OregonLa Fayette GroverDemocratic1882 or 1883Incumbent retired.
Winner elected in 1882.
Republican gain.		nowrap
Rhode IslandHenry B. AnthonyRepublican1858
1864
1870
1876		Incumbent re-elected in 1882.nowrap
South CarolinaMatthew ButlerDemocratic1876Incumbent re-elected in 1882.nowrap
TennesseeIsham G. HarrisDemocratic1877Incumbent re-elected in 1883.nowrap
TexasRichard CokeDemocratic1876Incumbent re-elected in 1882.nowrap
VirginiaJohn W. JohnstonDemocratic1871
1877		Incumbent lost re-election.
Winner elected early December 21, 1881.[4]
Readjuster gain.
Winner caucused with the Republicans.		nowrap
West VirginiaHenry G. DavisDemocratic1871
1877		Incumbent retired.
Winner's election date unknown.
Democratic hold.		nowrap

Elections during the 48th Congress

In this election, the winner was elected in 1883 after March 4.

Iowa

On January 25, 1882, the Iowa General Assembly elected James W. McDill (Republican) to finish the term over Moses M. Ham and Daniel Campbell. James F. Wilson (Republican) was elected to the full six-year term on January 25, 1882, over La Vega G. Kinne and Daniel P. Stubbs.

West Virginia

Election Date:January 23, 1883
Election Name:1883 United States Senate election in West Virginia
Country:West Virginia
Type:presidential
Next Year:1889
Candidate1:John E. Kenna
Party1:Democratic Party (United States)
Image1:File:JohnEKenna.jpg
Candidate2:George Loomis
1Blank:House vote
Votes For Election:Needed to win: Majority of votes cast in each House of the Legislature
62 votes cast in the House, 32 needed
26 votes cast in the Senate, 14 needed
After Election:John E. Kenna
U.S. senator
Next Election:1888–89 United States Senate elections
Previous Election:1876–77 United States Senate elections#West Virginia
Previous Year:1877
Vote Type:Members'
After Party:Democratic Party (United States)
Before Party:Democratic Party (United States)
Before Election:Henry G. Davis
2Blank:Senate vote
1Data1:37 votes
59.7%
2Data1:17 votes
65.4%
1Data2:22 votes
35.5%
2Data2:7 votes
26.9%
Party2:Republican Party (United States)
Posttitle:Elected U.S. Senator
Image2 Size:120px

On January 23, 1883, each House of the West Virginia Legislature chose a senator to replace retiring incumbent, Henry G. Davis. In both chambers, the ballot was a three-way race between John E. Kenna, a Democratic congressman, George Loomis, a state judge and former state senator, and Berkeley County resident John Tabb Janney.[6] In the House, the final count was 37 votes for Kenna, 22 votes for Loomis, and 3 votes for Janney. In the Senate, the final count was 17 votes for Kenna, 7 votes for Loomis, and 2 votes for Janney.[7] Kenna, having received the majority of votes in both chambers, was declared duly elected as senator.

See also

References

Notes and References

  1. The Readjusters caucused with the Republicans.
  2. Web site: 17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913). National Archives and Records Administration. February 8, 2022.
  3. Book: Blackmar, Frank Wilson . Kansas: A Cyclopedia of State History, Embracing Events, Institutions, Industries, Counties, Cities, Towns, Prominent Persons, Etc. ... . 757 . Standard Publishing Company . 1912 . 9780722249055 . Kansas.
  4. Web site: Jones Salmon . Emily . Harrison H. Riddleberger (1843–1890) . . March 4, 2015.
  5. News: A Long Dead-Lock Broken: Austin F. Pike Elected Senator from New-Hampshire . New York Times . August 3, 1883 . July 26, 2016 . 1.
  6. Book: Atkinson, George Wesley . Prominent Men of West Virginia . W.L. Callin . 1890 . 381.
  7. Book: Journal of the House of Delegates of the State of West Virginia . January 24, 1883 . . 100.

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