| Election Name: | United States House of Representatives elections in New York, 1806 |
| Country: | New York |
| Type: | legislative |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | United States House of Representatives elections in New York, 1804 |
| Previous Year: | 1804 |
| Next Election: | United States House of Representatives elections in New York, 1808 |
| Next Year: | 1808 |
| Seats For Election: | All 17 New York seats to the United States House of Representatives |
| Election Date: | April 29-May 1, 1806 |
| Party1: | Democratic-Republican Party |
| Last Election1: | 15 |
| Seats1: | 15[1] |
| Popular Vote1: | 40,740 |
| Percentage1: | 66.8% |
| Party2: | Federalist Party (United States) |
| Last Election2: | 2 |
| Seats2: | 2 |
| Popular Vote2: | 20,261 |
| Percentage2: | 33.2% |
The 1806 United States House of Representatives elections in New York were held from April 29 to May 1, 1806, to elect 17 U.S. Representatives to represent the State of New York in the United States House of Representatives of the 10th United States Congress.
17 U.S. Representatives had been elected in April 1804 to a term in the 9th United States Congress beginning on March 4, 1805. Samuel L. Mitchill and Daniel D. Tompkins had resigned their seats, and George Clinton, Jr., and Gurdon S. Mumford were elected to fill the vacancies. The representatives' term would end on March 3, 1807. The congressional elections were held together with the State elections in late April 1806, about ten months before the term would start on March 4, 1807, and about a year and a half before Congress actually met on October 26, 1807.
After the U.S. census of 1800, New York's representation in the House was increased to 17 seats. On March 30, 1802, the New York State Legislature had re-apportioned the congressional districts, dividing New York County seemingly at random into two districts. After the election of one Democratic-Republican and one Federalist in 1802, the Dem.-Rep. majority in the State Legislature gerrymandered the two districts together in an Act passed on March 20, 1804, so that two congressmen would be elected on a general ticket by the voters of both districts, assuring the election of two Democratic-Republicans.
Three new counties had been created since the last elections in 1804: Inside the 15th D., Jefferson Co. was split off from Oneida Co.; in the 16th D., Madison Co. from Chenango Co.; and in the 17th D., Allegany Co. from Genesee Co. The area of the districts remained the same.
Note: There are now 62 counties in the State of New York. The counties which are not mentioned in this list had not yet been established, or sufficiently organized, the area being included in one or more of the abovementioned counties.
14 Clintonians, 2 Federalists and 1 Lewisite were elected. The incumbents Mumford, Clinton, Van Cortlandt, Blake, Verplanck, Van Rensselaer, Masters, Thomas and Russell were re-elected; the incumbents Sailly, Tracy and Halsey were defeated.
| District | colspan="2" | Democratic-Republican (Clintonian) | colspan="2" | Federalist | colspan="2" | Democratic-Republican (Lewisite) | colspan="2" | Democratic-Republican | colspan="2" | Democratic-Republican (Lewisite) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Samuel Riker | 1,499 | |||||||||
| 2 and 3 | Gurdon S. Mumford | 4,617 | John B. Coles[2] | 3,707 | John R. Livingston | 173 | |||||
| George Clinton, Jr. | 4,406 | Nicholas Fish | 3,695 | ||||||||
| 4 | Philip Van Cortlandt | 969 | Peter A. Jay | 855 | Samuel S. Smith | 127 | Peter Taulman[3] | 135 | |||
| 5 | John Blake, Jr. | 1,396 | Reuben Hopkins[4] | 822 | |||||||
| 6 | Daniel C. Verplanck | 1,208 | |||||||||
| 7 | Johannes Bruyn[5] | 515 | Barent Gardenier | 1,408 | William A. Thompson[6] | 1,024 | |||||
| 8 | James I. Van Alen | 1,735 | Robert Le Roy Livingston | 1,725 | |||||||
| 9 | Benjamin DeWitt | 891 | Killian K. Van Rensselaer | 1,269 | Henry Glen | 562 | |||||
| 10 | Josiah Masters | 1,282 | Hosea Moffitt | 1,146 | |||||||
| 11 | John Thompson | 2,018 | Asahel Porter[7] | 1,381 | Peter Sailly | 91 | |||||
| 12 | David Thomas | 1,574 | |||||||||
| 13 | Peter Swart | 2,825 | Isaac H. Tiffany | 1,245 | |||||||
| 14 | John Russell | 2,129 | Solomon Martin[8] | 1,034 | |||||||
| 15 | 2,124 | William Kirkpatrick | 2,628 | ||||||||
| 16 | Reuben Humphrey | 3,308 | Thaddeus M. Wood[9] | 313 | John Cantine | 119 | Uri Tracy | 101 | |||
| 17 | John Harris | 1,736 | Daniel W. Lewis[10] | 1,661 | Silas Halsey | 1,457 | James Faulkner[11] | 91 | |||
Note: The Anti-Federalists called themselves "Republicans." However, at the same time, the Federalists called them "Democrats" which was meant to be pejorative. After some time both terms got more and more confused, and sometimes used together as "Democratic Republicans" which later historians have adopted (with a hyphen) to describe the party from the beginning, to avoid confusion with both the later established and still existing Democratic and Republican parties.
At this time, the Democratic-Republican Party was split into two factions: the "Clintonians" led by DeWitt Clinton, and the "Lewisites" led by Governor Morgan Lewis.
The House of Representatives of the 10th United States Congress met for the first time at the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C., on October 26, 1807, and Blake, Gardenier, Harris, Humphrey, Kirkpatrick, Masters, Riker, Russell, Swart, Thomas Thompson, Van Alen, Van Cortlandt, Van Rensselaer and Verplanck took their seats on this day. Mumford took his seat on November 2, and Clinton on February 1, 1808.[12]
David Thomas was appointed New York State Treasurer on February 5, 1808, and resigned his seat. His letter of resignation was read in the House on February 17.[13] A special election to fill the vacancy was held at the annual State election in April 1808, and was won by Nathan Wilson, of the same party. Wilson took his seat on November 7, 1808.[14]
| District | colspan="2" | Democratic-Republican | colspan="2" | Federalist | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12 | Nathan Wilson | 2,327 | Asa Fitch | 1,755 | |