Maryland elected its members October 6, 1806.
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| John Campbell | Federalist | 1801 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | √ John Campbell (Federalist) 99.9% | |||
| Leonard Covington | Democratic-Republican | 1804 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | nowrap | √ Archibald Van Horne (Democratic-Republican) 58.4% Leonard Covington (Democratic-Republican) 41.5% | |||
| Patrick Magruder | Democratic-Republican | 1801 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist gain. | nowrap | √ Philip B. Key (Federalist) 53.3% Patrick Magruder (Democratic-Republican) 46.7% | |||
| Roger Nelson | Democratic-Republican | 1804 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | √ Roger Nelson (Democratic-Republican) 96.4% Nathaniel Rochester (Quid) 3.0% | |||
| Nicholas R. Moore | Democratic-Republican | 1803 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Nicholas R. Moore (Democratic-Republican) 44.5% √ William McCreery (Democratic-Republican) 25.7% Joshua Barney (Quid) 14.9% John Scott (Federalist) 14.9% | ||||
| William McCreery | Democratic-Republican | 1803 | Incumbent re-elected. | |||||
| John Archer | Democratic-Republican | 1801 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | nowrap | √ John Montgomery (Democratic-Republican) 50.2% John Archer (Quid) 48.7% Samuel Sutton 1.0% | |||
| Joseph H. Nicholson | Democratic-Republican | 1798 (Special) | Incumbent resigned March 1, 1806. Democratic-Republican hold. Successor had also been elected to finish the current term, see Maryland's 7th congressional district special election, 1806. | nowrap | √ Edward Lloyd (Democratic-Republican) 81.1% James Brown (Quid) 18.8% | |||
| Charles Goldsborough | Federalist | 1804 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | √ Charles Goldsborough (Federalist) 68.8% Philip Quinton (Quid) 31.1% |