1884 United States House of Representatives elections explained

Election Name:	1884 United States House of Representatives elections
Country:	United States
Flag Year:	1877
Type:	legislative
Ongoing:	no
Previous Election:	1882 United States House of Representatives elections
Previous Year:	1882
Next Election:	1886 United States House of Representatives elections
Next Year:	1886
Seats For Election:	All 325 seats in the United States House of Representatives
Majority Seats:	163
Election Date:	November 4, 1884
Image1:	John Griffin Carlisle, Brady-Handy photo portrait, ca1870-1880 (cropped).jpg
Leader1:	John G. Carlisle
Party1:	Democratic Party (US)
Last Election1:	196 seats
Seats1:	182^[1]
Seat Change1:	14
Popular Vote1:	4,954,599
Percentage1:	50.05%
Swing1:	1.15%
Leader2:	Thomas Brackett Reed
Party2:	Republican Party (US)
Last Election2:	117 seats
Seats2:	141
Seat Change2:	24
Popular Vote2:	4,665,184
Percentage2:	47.13%
Swing2:	5.52%
Party4:	Greenback Party
Last Election4:	2 seats
Seats4:	1
Seat Change4:	1
Popular Vote4:	105,668
Percentage4:	1.07%
Swing4:	1.99%
Party5:	Independent (US)
Last Election5:	5 seats
Seats5:	1
Seat Change5:	4
Popular Vote5:	78,972
Percentage5:	0.80%
Swing5:	2.68%
Map Size:	320px
Speaker
Before Election:	John G. Carlisle
Before Party:	Democratic Party (US)
After Election:	John G. Carlisle
After Party:	Democratic Party (US)

The 1884 United States House of Representatives elections were held for the most part on November 4, 1884, with four states holding theirs early between June and October. They coincided with the election of President Grover Cleveland. Elections were held for 325 seats of the United States House of Representatives, representing 38 states, to serve in the 49th United States Congress. Special elections were also held throughout the year.

In spite of Cleveland's victory, the opposition Republican Party gained back some of the seats lost in 1882, but the Democratic Party retained a majority in the House. Republicans were able to make these slight gains by connecting their pro-business and industry message with progress. The Democrats were also hindered by the Panic of 1884, but were not greatly affected by it since the depression ended quickly.

Election summaries

↓
183	1	141
Democratic		Republican

State	Type	Total seats	Republican
State	Type	Total seats	Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Alabama	District	8	8		0		0
Arkansas	District	5	5		0		0
California	District	6	1	5	5	5	0
Colorado	At-large	1	0		1		0
Connecticut	District	4	2	1	2	1	0
Delaware	At-large	1	1		0		0
Florida	District	2	2	1	0	1	0
Georgia	District	10	10		0		0
Illinois	District	20	10	1	10	1	0
Indiana	District	13	9		4		0
Iowa	District	11	3	1	7	1		1
Kansas	District	7	0		7		0
Kentucky	District	11	10	1	1	1	0
Louisiana	District	6	5		1		0
Maine	District	4	0		4		0
Maryland	District	6	5	1	1	1	0
Massachusetts	District	12	2	1	10	1	0
Michigan	District	11	7	1	4	1	0
Minnesota	District	5	0		5		0
Mississippi	District	7	7	2	0	1	0	1
Missouri	District	14	12	2	2	2	0
Nebraska	District	3	0		3		0
Nevada	At-large	1	0	1	1	1	0
New Hampshire	District	2	0		2		0
New Jersey	District	7	3		4		0
New York	District	34	17	4	17	4	0
North Carolina	District	9	8	1	1	1	0
Ohio	District	21	11	2	10	2	0
Oregon	At-large	1	0		1		0
Pennsylvania	District + at-large	28	8	4	20	5	0	1
Rhode Island	District	2	0		2		0
South Carolina	District	7	6		1		0
Tennessee	District	10	7	1	3	1	0
Texas	District	11	11	1	0		0	1
Vermont	District	2	0		2		0
Virginia	District	10	8	2	2	2	0	4
West Virginia	District	4	3		1		0
Wisconsin	District	9	2	4	7	4	0
Total		325	183	12	141	19	1	7

Early election dates

In 1884, four states, with 28 seats among them, held elections early:

June 2 Oregon
September 2 Vermont
September 13 Maine
October 14 Ohio

Special elections

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	James K. Jones		1880		Incumbent resigned February 19, 1885. New member elected September 7, 1885. Democratic hold	nowrap	Thomas McRae (Democratic) 61.2% C.E. Mitchell (Independent) 38.8%
	Edmund W. M. Mackey		Republican	1880		Incumbent died January 27, 1884. New member elected March 18, 1884. Republican hold.	nowrap

	William H. Calkins		Republican	1876		Incumbent resigned October 20, 1884. New member elected November 4, 1884. Anti-Monopoly gain. Successor had not been a candidate for the next term; see below.	nowrap
	John H. Evins		Democratic	1876		Incumbent died October 20, 1884. New member elected November 12, 1884. Democratic hold. Successor had not been a candidate for the next term; see below.	nowrap

Alabama

Arkansas

Poindexter Dunn (Democratic) 61.7%
Harmon L. Remmel (Republican) 38.8%^[2]

Clifton R. Breckinridge (Democratic) 53.0%
A.A. Rogers (Republican) 47.0%

James K. Jones (Democratic) 54.1%
C.E. Mitchell (Republican) 45.9%

John H. Rogers (Democratic) 57.3%
John Sarber (Republican) 42.7%

Samuel W. Peel (Democratic) 69.1%
W.R. Keener (Republican) 30.9%

California

See main article: 1884 United States House of Representatives elections in California.

See also: List of United States representatives from California. Two new districts were created for the seats gained in the 1882 reapportionment, eliminating the that had been created for them.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	Barclay Henley		Democratic	1882	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Charles A. Sumner		Democratic	1882		Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain	nowrap
	John R. Glascock		Democratic	1882		Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain	nowrap
	William Rosecrans		Democratic	1880		Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain	nowrap
	Pleasant B. Tully		Democratic	1882		Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain	nowrap
	None (District created)				New seat Republican gain	nowrap

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

See main article: 1884 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	Robert H. M. Davidson		Democratic	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Horatio Bisbee Jr.		Republican	1880		Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain	nowrap

Georgia

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

|-! | Theodore Lyman III| | Independent Republican| 1882| | Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.| nowrap | |-! | William W. Rice| | Republican| 1876| Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap | |-! | William Whiting II| | Republican| 1882| Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap | |-! | Francis W. Rockwell| | Republican| Jan. 1884 (special)| Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap | |}

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New York

North Carolina

Ohio

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

See main article: 1884 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
	Samuel Dibble		Democratic	1882	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	George D. Tillman		Democratic	1878	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	D. Wyatt Aiken		Democratic	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	John H. Evins		Democratic	1876		Incumbent died October 20, 1884. New member elected. Democratic hold. Winner was not elected to finish the current term.	nowrap
	John J. Hemphill		Democratic	1882	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	George W. Dargan		Democratic	1882	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
	Robert Smalls		Republican	1884	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Tennessee

Texas

Vermont

Virginia

West Virginia

Wisconsin

See also: List of United States representatives from Wisconsin. Wisconsin elected nine members of congress on Election Day, November 4, 1884.^[3] ^[4]

Non-voting delegates

Wyoming Territory

Bibliography

Book: Dubin, Michael J. . United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses . McFarland and Company . March 1, 1998 . 978-0786402830.
Book: Martis, Kenneth C. . The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989 . Macmillan Publishing Company . January 1, 1989 . 978-0029201701.
Book: John L. . Moore . Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections . Congressional Quarterly Inc. . Third . 1994 . 978-0871879967.
Web site: Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present . Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives . January 21, 2015.

External links

Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)

Notes and References

Martis, pp. 138–139.
Book: Guide to U.S. Elections . 6th . II . . . 1074 . 2010 . 9781604265361 . 430736650 . 2009033938 .
Web site: Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120405132933/http://www.hhh.umn.edu/centers/cspg/research/election_data_archive/pdf/WI_US_House_Election_Results.pdf . April 5, 2012 . November 19, 2021 . Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs . .
The Blue Book of the State of Wisconsin . State of Wisconsin . 1885 . . https://images.library.wisc.edu/WI/EFacs/WIBlueBks/BlueBks/WIBlueBk1885/reference/wi.wibluebk1885.i0017.pdf . Heg . J. E. . Biographical . 413–415 . November 19, 2021 .