| State: | New York |
| District Number: | 1 |
| Image Caption: | Interactive map of district boundaries |
| Representative: | Nick LaLota |
| Party: | Republican |
| Residence: | Amityville |
| Percent Urban: | 94.94 |
| Percent Rural: | 5.06 |
| Population: | 775,158[1] [2] |
| Population Year: | 2022 |
| Median Income: | $126,171[3] |
| Percent White: | 71.6 |
| Percent Hispanic: | 15.5 |
| Percent Black: | 4.3 |
| Percent Asian: | 5.2 |
| Percent More Than One Race: | 2.7 |
| Percent Other Race: | 0.7 |
| Cpvi: | R+4[4] |
New York's 1st congressional district is a congressional district for the United States House of Representatives in eastern Long Island. It includes the eastern two-thirds of Suffolk County, including the northern portion of Brookhaven, as well as the entirety of the towns of Huntington, Smithtown, Riverhead, Southold, Southampton, East Hampton, and Shelter Island. The district encompasses extremely wealthy enclaves such as the Hamptons, middle class suburban towns such as Selden, Centereach, and Lake Grove, working-class towns such as Riverhead and rural farming communities such as Mattituck and Jamesport on the North Fork. The district currently is represented by Republican Nick LaLota.
The district has been a swing district since the 1990s and a Republican-leaning seat since the 2010s. President George W. Bush defeated challenger John Kerry by less than one percentage point in 2004, while in 2008 and 2012, Barack Obama won the district by less than five points. In 2012, New York underwent redistricting, and the 1st district was slightly modified. In the 2014 election, Republican Lee Zeldin defeated Democratic incumbent Tim Bishop, who had represented the district since 2003. Donald Trump won the district by 12 percentage points over Hillary Clinton in the 2016 presidential election. At the same time, Zeldin won a second term, defeating Democratic challenger Anna-Thone Holst by a margin of 15.6%, the largest margin of victory for a Republican since 1998. In 2018, Zeldin won re-election to a third term, narrowly defeating Democratic challenger Perry Gershon by 4.1%. In 2020, the district shifted back in the Democratic direction, with Trump carrying the district by only four points in the 2020 United States presidential election.
In 2022, Republican Nick LaLota defeated Democrat Bridget Fleming in the newly-redrawn district by an approximately ten-point margin. As a result, it was one of 18 districts that would have voted for Joe Biden in the 2020 presidential election had they existed in their current configuration while being won or held by a Republican in 2022.
| Year | Office | Results | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1992 | President | GHW Bush 40–38% | |
| 1996 | President | B. Clinton 51–36% | |
| 2000 | President | Gore 52–44% | |
| 2004 | President | GW Bush 49–49% | |
| 2008 | President | Obama 52–48% | |
| 2012 | President | Obama 50–49% | |
| 2016 | President | Trump 54–42% | |
| 2020 | President | Trump 51–47% |
1823–1945:
Parts of Queens
1945–1963:
All of Suffolk
Parts of Nassau
1963–Present:
Parts of Suffolk
| Member | Party | Years | Cong ress | Electoral history | District counties | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| District established March 4, 1789 | |||||||||
| align=left | William Floyd | Anti-Administration | nowrap | March 4, 1789 – March 3, 1791 | Elected in 1789. Lost re-election. | 1789–1793 Kings Queens Richmond Suffolk | |||
| nowrap colspan=2 | Vacant | nowrap | March 4, 1791 – May 1791 | Representative-elect James Townsend died May 24, 1790, before his term began. | |||||
Thomas Tredwell | Anti-Administration | nowrap rowspan=2 | May 1791 – March 3, 1795 | Elected April 28, 1791 to finish Townsend's term. Re-elected in 1793. Moved to the and lost re-election. | |||||
| 1793–1801 Kings Queens Suffolk | |||||||||
| align=left | Jonathan Nicoll Havens | Democratic-Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1795 – October 25, 1799 | Elected in 1794. Re-elected in 1796. Re-elected in 1798. Died. | ||||
| nowrap colspan=2 | Vacant | nowrap | October 25, 1799 – February 27, 1800 | ||||||
John Smith | Democratic-Republican | February 27, 1800 – February 23, 1804 | Elected to finish Havens's term and seated February 27, 1800. Re-elected in 1800. Re-elected in 1802. Resigned. | ||||||
| 1801–1803 Kings Queens Richmond Suffolk | |||||||||
| 1803–1809 Queens Suffolk | |||||||||
| nowrap colspan=2 | Vacant | nowrap | February 23, 1804 – November 5, 1804 | ||||||
| align=left | Samuel Riker | Democratic-Republican | nowrap | November 5, 1804 – March 3, 1805 | Elected to finish Smith's term. | ||||
| align=left | Eliphalet Wickes | Democratic-Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1805 – March 3, 1807 | Elected in 1804. | ||||
| align=left | Samuel Riker | Democratic-Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1807 – March 3, 1809 | Elected in 1806. | ||||
| align=left | Ebenezer Sage | Democratic-Republican | nowrap rowspan=2 | March 4, 1809 – March 3, 1813 | Elected in 1808. Re-elected in 1810. | 1809–1813 Kings Queens Suffolk | |||
From 1809 to 1823, two seats were apportioned, elected at-large on a general ticket.
| Years | Cong ress | Seat A | Seat B | Location | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | Electoral history | Member | Party | Electoral history | ||||||||
| nowrap | March 4, 1813 – March 3, 1815 | align=left | John Lefferts | Democratic-Republican | Elected in 1812. | align=left | Ebenezer Sage | Democratic-Republican | Re-elected in 1812. | 1813–1823 1st and 2nd Ward of New York County, and Kings, Queens, Suffolk and Richmond counties. | |||
| nowrap | March 4, 1815 – March 3, 1817 | align=left | Henry Crocheron | Democratic-Republican | Elected in 1814. | George Townsend | Democratic-Republican | Elected in 1814 | |||||
| nowrap | March 4, 1817 – March 3, 1819 | align=left | Tredwell Scudder | Democratic-Republican | Elected in 1816. Retired. | Re-elected in 1816. | |||||||
| nowrap | March 4, 1819 – January 14, 1820 | Silas Wood | Federalist | Elected in 1818. Re-elected in 1821. Became the sole representative from the district in 1823. | Vacant | Credentials had been issued for Ebenezer Sage (Dem.-Rep.), but Sage did not take or claim the seat, see 1818 United States House of Representatives elections in New York | |||||||
| nowrap | January 14, 1820 – March 3, 1821 | align=left | James Guyon Jr. | Democratic-Republican | Successfully contested the election of Ebenezer Sage. | ||||||||
| nowrap | March 4, 1821 – December 12, 1821 | Vacant | Credentials had been issued for Peter Sharpe (Dem.-Rep.), but Sharpe did not take or claim the seat, see 1821 United States House of Representatives elections in New York | ||||||||||
| nowrap | December 12, 1821 – March 3, 1823 | align=left | Cadwallader D. Colden | Federalist | Successfully contested the election of Peter Sharpe. | ||||||||
| Member | Party | Years | Cong ress | Electoral history | District location | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Silas Wood | Federalist | March 4, 1823 – March 3, 1829 | Re-elected in 1822. Re-elected in 1824. Re-elected in 1826. Lost re-election. | 1823–1833 Queens and Suffolk counties. | ||||
| Anti-Jacksonian | ||||||||
| align=left | James Lent | Jacksonian | nowrap | March 4, 1829 – February 22, 1833 | Elected in 1828. Re-elected in 1830. Died. | |||
| Vacant | nowrap | February 22, 1833 – March 3, 1833 | ||||||
| align=left | Abel Huntington | Jacksonian | nowrap | March 4, 1833 – March 3, 1837 | Elected in 1832. Re-elected in 1834. Lost re-election. | 1833–1843 | ||
| align=left | Thomas B. Jackson | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1837 – March 3, 1841 | Elected in 1836. Re-elected in 1838. Retired. | |||
| align=left | Charles A. Floyd | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1841 – March 3, 1843 | Elected in 1840. | |||
| align=left | Selah B. Strong | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1843 – March 3, 1845 | Elected in 1842. Retired. | 1843–1853 | ||
| align=left | John W. Lawrence | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1845 – March 3, 1847 | Elected in 1844. Retired. | |||
| align=left | Frederick W. Lord | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1847 – March 3, 1849 | Elected in 1846. | |||
| align=left | John Alsop King | Whig | nowrap | March 4, 1849 – March 3, 1851 | Elected in 1848. | |||
| align=left | John G. Floyd | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1851 – March 3, 1853 | Elected in 1850. | |||
| align=left | James Maurice | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1853 – March 3, 1855 | Elected in 1852. Retired. | 1853–1863 | ||
| align=left | William Valk | Know Nothing | nowrap | March 4, 1855 – March 3, 1857 | Elected in 1854. Lost re-election. | |||
| align=left | John A. Searing | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1857 – March 3, 1859 | Elected in 1856. Retired. | |||
| align=left | Luther C. Carter | Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1859 – March 3, 1861 | Elected in 1858. Lost re-election. | |||
| align=left | Edward H. Smith | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1861 – March 3, 1863 | Elected in 1860. Retired. | |||
| align=left | Henry G. Stebbins | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1863 – October 24, 1864 | Elected in 1862. Resigned. | 1863–1873 | ||
| Vacant | nowrap | October 24, 1864 – December 5, 1864 | ||||||
| align=left | Dwight Townsend | Democratic | nowrap | December 5, 1864 – March 3, 1865 | Elected to finish Stebbins's term. | |||
| align=left | Stephen Taber | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1865 – March 3, 1869 | Elected in 1864. Re-elected in 1866. | |||
| align=left | Henry A. Reeves | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1869 – March 3, 1871 | Elected in 1868. | |||
| align=left | Dwight Townsend | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1871 – March 3, 1873 | Elected in 1870. | |||
| align=left | Henry J. Scudder | Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1873 – March 3, 1875 | Elected in 1872. Retired. | 1873–1885 | ||
| align=left | Henry B. Metcalfe | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1875 – March 3, 1877 | Elected in 1874. | |||
| align=left | James W. Covert | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1877 – March 3, 1881 | Elected in 1876. Re-elected in 1878. | |||
Perry Belmont | Democratic | March 4, 1881 – December 1, 1888 | Elected in 1880. Re-elected in 1882. Re-elected in 1884. Re-elected in 1886. Resigned to become U.S. Minister to Spain. | |||||
| 1885–1893 Queens County, Richmond County, and Suffolk County[5] | ||||||||
| Vacant | nowrap | December 1, 1888 – March 3, 1889 | ||||||
James W. Covert | Democratic | March 4, 1889 – March 3, 1895 | Elected in 1888. Re-elected in 1890. Re-elected in 1892. | |||||
| 1893–1903 Queens County and Suffolk County[6] | ||||||||
| align=left | Richard C. McCormick | Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1895 – March 3, 1897 | Elected in 1894. Retired. | |||
| align=left | Joseph M. Belford | Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1897 – March 3, 1899 | Elected in 1896. Retired. | |||
| align=left | Townsend Scudder | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1899 – March 3, 1901 | Elected in 1898. Retired. | |||
| align=left | Frederic Storm | Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1901 – March 3, 1903 | Elected in 1900. Lost re-election. | |||
| align=left | Townsend Scudder | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1903 – March 3, 1905 | Elected in 1902. Retired. | 1903–1913 Queens County (partial), Suffolk County, and Nassau County[7] | ||
| align=left | William W. Cocks | Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1905 – March 3, 1911 | Elected in 1904. Re-elected in 1906. Re-elected in 1908. Lost re-election. | |||
| align=left | Martin W. Littleton | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1911 – March 3, 1913 | Elected in 1910. Retired. | |||
| align=left | Lathrop Brown | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1913 – March 3, 1915 | Elected in 1912. Lost re-election. | 1913–1933 | ||
| nowrap colspan=2 | Vacant | nowrap | March 4, 1915 – January 4, 1916 | The 1914 election, which was decided by only 10 votes, was tied up in the courts until December 1915.[8] | ||||
| align=left | Frederick C. Hicks | Republican | nowrap | January 4, 1916 – March 3, 1923 | Elected in 1914. Re-elected in 1916. Re-elected in 1918. Re-elected in 1920. Retired. | |||
Robert L. Bacon | Republican | March 4, 1923 – September 12, 1938 | Elected in 1922. Re-elected in 1924. Re-elected in 1926. Re-elected in 1928. Re-elected in 1930. Re-elected in 1932. Re-elected in 1934. Re-elected in 1936. Died. | |||||
| 1933–1943 | ||||||||
| Vacant | nowrap | September 12, 1938 – January 3, 1939 | ||||||
Leonard W. Hall | Republican | January 3, 1939 – January 3, 1945 | Elected in 1938. Re-elected in 1940. Re-elected in 1942. Redistricted to the 2nd congressional district. | |||||
| 1943–1953 | ||||||||
| align=left | Edgar A. Sharp | Republican | nowrap | January 3, 1945 – January 3, 1947 | Elected in 1944. Retired. | |||
| align=left | W. Kingsland Macy | Republican | nowrap | January 3, 1947 – January 3, 1951 | Elected in 1946. Re-elected in 1948. Lost re-election. | |||
| align=left | Ernest Greenwood | Democratic | nowrap | January 3, 1951 – January 3, 1953 | Elected in 1950. Lost re-election. | |||
| align=left | Stuyvesant Wainwright | Republican | nowrap | January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1961 | Elected in 1952. Re-elected in 1954. Re-elected in 1956. Re-elected in 1958. Lost re-election. | 1953–1963 | ||
Otis G. Pike | Democratic | January 3, 1961 – January 3, 1979 | Elected in 1960. Re-elected in 1962. Re-elected in 1964. Re-elected in 1966. Re-elected in 1968. Re-elected in 1970. Re-elected in 1972. Re-elected in 1974. Re-elected in 1976. Retired. | |||||
| 1963–1973 | ||||||||
| 1973–1983 | ||||||||
William Carney | Conservative | nowrap | January 3, 1979 – October 7, 1985 | Elected in 1978. Re-elected in 1980. Re-elected in 1982. Re-elected in 1984. Changed parties. Retired. | ||||
| Republican | nowrap | October 7, 1985 – January 3, 1987 | 1983–1993 | |||||
George J. Hochbrueckner | Democratic | January 3, 1987 – January 3, 1995 | Elected in 1986. Re-elected in 1988. Re-elected in 1990. Re-elected in 1992. Lost re-election. | |||||
| 1993–2003 | ||||||||
| align=left rowspan=2 | Michael Forbes | Republican | nowrap | January 3, 1995 – July 17, 1999 | Elected in 1994. Re-elected in 1996. Re-elected in 1998. Lost renomination. | |||
| Democratic | nowrap | July 17, 1999 – January 3, 2001 | ||||||
| align=left | Felix Grucci | Republican | nowrap | January 3, 2001 – January 3, 2003 | Elected in 2000. Lost re-election. | |||
Tim Bishop | Democratic | January 3, 2003 – January 3, 2015 | Elected in 2002. Re-elected in 2004. Re-elected in 2006. Re-elected in 2008. Re-elected in 2010. Re-elected in 2012. Lost re-election. | 2003–2013 | ||||
| 2013–2023 | ||||||||
| align=left | Lee Zeldin | Republican | nowrap | January 3, 2015 – January 3, 2023 | Elected in 2014. Re-elected in 2016. Re-elected in 2018. Re-elected in 2020. Retired to run for Governor of New York. | |||
| Nick LaLota | Republican | January 3, 2023 – present | Elected in 2022. | 2023–2025 | ||||
| 2025–present --> | ||||||||
New York State is one of only eight states where candidates can run for office under the banner of more than one party, and New York is the only state where such cross-endorsement (often called electoral fusion), regularly occurs. The passage of the Wilson Pakula Act in the state legislature in 1947 established this electoral process in New York. Candidates for office routinely run with the endorsement of a major political party as well as one or two other minor parties. Some parties merely exist as a vessel for an individual candidate, while others are formally organized and are regularly found on the ballot. In determining an election winner, the votes for a candidate are totaled across all the party lines on a ballot on which a candidate is running. The results below present in table form the total votes received for each candidate across all party lines and also identify the candidate's major party affiliation.
22,390 Blank/Scattered/Void votes not included in the above totals. Michael P. Forbes vote by party line: Republican Party (90,001), Conservative Party (11,962), Independence Party (6,599) and Right-To-Life Party (8,058). Nora L. Bredes vote by party line: Democratic Party (93,816), Save Medicare (2,680).[9] 20,242 Blank/Scattered/Voided votes not included in above totals. Michael P. Forbes vote by party line: Republican Party (75,643), Conservative Party (13,032), Independence Party (3,158) and Right to Life Party (7,627). William G. Hoist vote by party line: Democratic Party (54,463), STO Party (1,167).[10]