| State: | Michigan |
| District Number: | 1 |
| Image Caption: | Interactive map of district boundaries since January 3, 2023 |
| Representative: | Jack Bergman |
| Party: | Republican |
| Residence: | Watersmeet |
| English Area: | 24,875[1] |
| Distribution Ref: | [2] |
| Percent Urban: | 36.58 |
| Percent Rural: | 63.42 |
| Population: | 782,743[3] |
| Population Year: | 2022 |
| Median Income: | $60,877[4] |
| Percent White: | 89.4 |
| Percent Hispanic: | 2.0 |
| Percent Black: | 0.9 |
| Percent Asian: | 0.5 |
| Percent Native American: | 2.4 |
| Percent More Than One Race: | 4.4 |
| Percent Other Race: | 0.3 |
| Cpvi: | R+13[5] |
Michigan's 1st congressional district is a United States congressional district that fully contains the 15 counties of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and 20 counties of Northern Michigan in the Lower Peninsula. The district is currently represented by Republican Jack Bergman.
The district is the second-largest congressional district east of the Mississippi River by land area, only behind Maine's 2nd congressional district. Its boundaries contain the entire Upper Peninsula of Michigan and much of the northern part of the Lower Peninsula. Altogether, the district makes up about 44% of the land area of the state of Michigan yet contains only 7% of Michigan's population. It contains the second-longest shoreline of any district in the United States, behind Alaska's at-large congressional district.
Of the 83 counties in Michigan, the following 35 lie entirely within the district. One county (Wexford) lies partially in the district.
Prior to 1992, the 1st congressional district was a Detroit-based congressional district. From the election of Republican John B. Sosnowski in 1925 until 1964, the former 1st district was represented by only one non-Polish-American politician, Robert H. Clancy. Along with Sosnowski, 6 Polish-Americans served as the 1st district's representatives elected 7 times, since 1925. The other strong Polish Michigan congressional districts were the 15th district (where half of the elected were Polish-American) and the dissolved 16th district (where all three elected representatives were of Polish descent). In 1964, the 1st congressional district was drawn as a new, African-American majority district reflecting the changing demographics of Detroit, while enough of the old 1st district was moved to the 14th district so that the 14th district retained the 1st's old congressman. John Conyers was elected to congress from the 1st district, a position he would hold until the 1st was removed from Detroit.
After 1992, the 1st district covered land in the UP and Northern Michigan. Most of this territory had been known as the 11th district from 1892 to 1992. The 1st from 1992 to 2002 was similar to the present district, except that it did not extend nearly as far south along Lake Michigan, while it took in Traverse City and some surrounding areas on the west side of the state.
This table indicates how the district has voted in U.S. presidential elections; election results reflect voting in the district as it was configured at the time of the election, not as it is configured today.
| Year | Results | |
|---|---|---|
| 1992 | Bill Clinton 41% – George H.W. Bush 35% | |
| 1996 | Bill Clinton 47% – Bob Dole 40% | |
| 2000 | George W. Bush 52% – Al Gore 45% | |
| 2004 | George W. Bush 53% – John Kerry 46% | |
| 2008 | Barack Obama 50% – John McCain 48% | |
| 2012 | Mitt Romney 54% – Barack Obama 45% | |
| 2016 | Donald Trump 58% – Hillary Clinton 37% | |
| 2020 | Donald Trump 58% – Joe Biden 40% |
This table indicates how the district has voted in recent statewide elections; election results reflect voting in the district as it is currently configured, not necessarily as it was at the time of these elections.
| Year | Office | Results |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | President | Donald Trump 58.9% – Hillary Clinton 35.6% |
| 2018 | Senate | John James 55.2% – Debbie Stabenow 42.6% |
| Governor | Bill Schuette 53.9% – Gretchen Whitmer 43.1% | |
| Attorney General | Tom Leonard 56.5% – Dana Nessel 38.5% | |
| 2020 | President | Donald Trump 59.1% – Joe Biden 39.3% |
| Senate | John James 59.0% – Gary Peters 39.6% |
| Member | Party | Years | Cong ress | Electoral history | District location | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| District created March 4, 1843 | ||||||||
| align=left | Robert McClelland | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1843 – March 3, 1849 | Elected in 1843. Re-elected in 1844. Re-elected in 1846. Retired. | 1843–1853 | ||
| align=left | Alexander W. Buel | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1849 – March 3, 1851 | Elected in 1848. Lost re-election. | |||
| align=left | Ebenezer J. Penniman | Whig | nowrap | March 4, 1851 – March 3, 1853 | Elected in 1850. Retired. | |||
| align=left | David Stuart | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1853 – March 3, 1855 | Elected in 1852. Lost re-election. | 1853–1863 | ||
William A. Howard | Opposition | nowrap | March 4, 1855 – March 3, 1857 | Elected in 1854. Re-elected in 1856. Lost re-election. | ||||
| Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1857 – March 3, 1859 | ||||||
| align=left | George B. Cooper | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1859 – May 15, 1860 | Elected in 1858. Lost election contest. | |||
| align=left | William A. Howard | Republican | nowrap | May 15, 1860 – March 3, 1861 | Won election contest. Retired. | |||
| align=left | Bradley F. Granger | Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1861 – March 3, 1863 | Elected in 1860. Redistricted to the and lost re-election as a Democrat. | |||
| align=left | Fernando C. Beaman | Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1863 – March 3, 1871 | Redistricted from the and re-elected in 1862. Re-elected in 1864. Re-elected in 1866. Re-elected in 1868. Retired. | 1863–1873 | ||
| align=left | Henry Waldron | Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1871 – March 3, 1873 | Elected in 1870. Redistricted to the . | |||
| align=left | Moses W. Field | Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1873 – March 3, 1875 | Elected in 1872. Lost re-election. | 1873–1883 | ||
| align=left | Alpheus S. Williams | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1875 – December 21, 1878 | Elected in 1874. Re-elected in 1876. Lost re-election and died before next term began. | |||
| Vacant | nowrap | December 21, 1878 – March 3, 1879 | ||||||
| align=left | John S. Newberry | Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1879 – March 3, 1881 | Elected in 1878. Retired. | |||
| align=left | Henry W. Lord | Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1881 – March 3, 1883 | Elected in 1880. Lost re-election. | |||
| align=left | William C. Maybury | Democratic[6] | nowrap | March 4, 1883 – March 3, 1887 | Elected in 1882. Re-elected in 1884. Retired. | 1883–1893 | ||
John L. Chipman | Democratic | March 4, 1887 – August 17, 1893 | Elected in 1886. Re-elected in 1888. Re-elected in 1890. Re-elected in 1892. Died. | |||||
| 1893–1903 | ||||||||
| Vacant | nowrap | August 17, 1893 – November 7, 1893 | ||||||
| align=left | Levi T. Griffin | Democratic | nowrap | December 4, 1893 – March 3, 1895 | Elected to finish Chipman's term. Lost re-election. | |||
| align=left | John B. Corliss | Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1895 – March 3, 1903 | Elected in 1894. Re-elected in 1896. Re-elected in 1898. Re-elected in 1900. Lost re-election. | |||
| align=left | Alfred Lucking | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1903 – March 3, 1905 | Elected in 1902. Lost re-election. | 1903–1913 | ||
| align=left | Edwin C. Denby | Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1905 – March 3, 1911 | Elected in 1904. Re-elected in 1906. Re-elected in 1908. Lost re-election. | |||
Frank E. Doremus | Democratic | March 4, 1911 – March 3, 1921 | Elected in 1910. Re-elected in 1912. Re-elected in 1914. Re-elected in 1916. Re-elected in 1918. Retired. | |||||
| 1913–1933 | ||||||||
| align=left | George P. Codd | Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1921 – March 3, 1923 | Elected in 1920. Retired. | |||
| align=left | Robert H. Clancy | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1923 – March 3, 1925 | Elected in 1922. Lost re-election. | |||
| align=left | John B. Sosnowski | Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1925 – March 3, 1927 | Elected in 1924. Lost renomination. | |||
| align=left | Robert H. Clancy | Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1927 – March 3, 1933 | Elected in 1926. Re-elected in 1928. Re-elected in 1930. Redistricted to the and lost re-election. | |||
| align=left | George G. Sadowski | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1933 – January 3, 1939 | Elected in 1932. Re-elected in 1934. Re-elected in 1936. Lost renomination. | 1933–1943 | ||
| align=left | Rudolph G. Tenerowicz | Democratic[7] | nowrap | January 3, 1939 – January 3, 1943 | Elected in 1938. Re-elected in 1940. Lost renomination. | |||
| align=left | George G. Sadowski | Democratic | nowrap | January 3, 1943 – January 3, 1951 | Elected in 1942. Re-elected in 1944. Re-elected in 1946. Re-elected in 1948. Lost renomination. | 1943–1953 | ||
Thaddeus M. Machrowicz | Democratic | January 3, 1951 – September 18, 1961 | Elected in 1950. Re-elected in 1952. Re-elected in 1954. Re-elected in 1956. Re-elected in 1958. Re-elected in 1960. Resigned to become U.S. District Judge. | |||||
| 1953–1963 | ||||||||
| Vacant | nowrap | September 18, 1961 – November 7, 1961 | ||||||
Lucien N. Nedzi | Democratic | November 7, 1961 – January 3, 1965 | Elected to finish Machrowicz's term. Re-elected in 1962. Redistricted to the . | |||||
| 1963–1973 | ||||||||
John Conyers | Democratic | January 3, 1965 – January 3, 1993 | Elected in 1964. Re-elected in 1966. Re-elected in 1968. Re-elected in 1970. Re-elected in 1972. Re-elected in 1974. Re-elected in 1976. Re-elected in 1978. Re-elected in 1980. Re-elected in 1982. Re-elected in 1984. Re-elected in 1986. Re-elected in 1988. Re-elected in 1990. Redistricted to the .[8] | |||||
| 1973–1983 | ||||||||
| 1983–1993 | ||||||||
Bart Stupak | Democratic | January 3, 1993 – January 3, 2011 | Elected in 1992. Re-elected in 1994. Re-elected in 1996. Re-elected in 1998. Re-elected in 2000. Re-elected in 2002. Re-elected in 2004. Re-elected in 2006. Re-elected in 2008. Retired. | 1993–2003 | ||||
| 2003–2013 | ||||||||
Dan Benishek | Republican | January 3, 2011 – January 3, 2017 | Elected in 2010. Re-elected in 2012. Re-elected in 2014. Retired. | |||||
| 2013–2023 | ||||||||
Jack Bergman | Republican | January 3, 2017 – present | Elected in 2016. Re-elected in 2018. Re-elected in 2020. Re-elected in 2022. | |||||
| 2023–present | ||||||||