| State: | Alabama |
| District Number: | 2 |
| Image Caption: | Interactive map of district boundaries |
| Representative: | Barry Moore |
| Party: | Republican |
| Residence: | Enterprise |
| English Area: | 10,608 |
| Metric Area: | 27,275 |
| Percent Urban: | 54.71 |
| Percent Rural: | 45.29 |
| Population: | 723,094[1] |
| Population Year: | 2022 |
| Median Income: | $57,561[2] |
| Percent White: | 59.4 |
| Percent Hispanic: | 4.4 |
| Percent Black: | 30.1 |
| Percent Asian: | 1.8 |
| Percent More Than One Race: | 3.6 |
| Percent Other Race: | 0.7 |
| Percent Blue Collar: | 29.5 |
| Percent White Collar: | 55.1 |
| Percent Gray Collar: | 15.4 |
| Cpvi: | R+17[3] |
Alabama's 2nd congressional district is a United States congressional district in Alabama, which elects a representative to the United States House of Representatives. It includes most of the Montgomery metropolitan area, and stretches into the Wiregrass Region in the southeastern portion of the state. The district encompasses portions of Montgomery County and the entirety of Autauga, Barbour, Bullock, Butler, Coffee, Conecuh, Covington, Crenshaw, Dale, Elmore, Geneva, Henry, Houston and Pike counties. Other cities in the district include Andalusia, Dothan, Greenville, and Troy.
The district is represented by Republican Barry Moore, a former Alabama state representative, who replaced Martha Roby, the retired Republican incumbent, in the 2020 election.
The 2nd is scheduled to be completely overhauled in advance of the 2024 elections, in consequence of the United States Supreme Court's decision in Allen v. Milligan, which ordered Alabama to create a second black opportunity district. Following this, the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama appointed a special master to create new maps for the state, which resulted in the 2nd joining the 7th as the state's two opportunity districts.[4] Under its future configuration, this district would have been one of 19 districts that voted for Joe Biden in the 2020 presidential election had they existed in such configurations while being won or held by a Republican in 2022. However, with Moore's home county of Coffee being drawn out of this district and into the 1st, and him deciding to run in that district, the district has been left with no incumbent.[5]
There are several small-to-medium-sized cities spread throughout the district. Fort Novosel and Maxwell-Gunter Air Force Base are both within its bounds, as is Troy University.
White voters here were among the first in Alabama to shift from the Democratic Party; the old-line Southern Democrats in this area began splitting their tickets as early as the 1950s. Southeast Alabama is one of the most Republican districts in both Alabama and the nation. It has only supported a Democrat for president once since 1956, when Jimmy Carter carried it in 1976. In 2008, the district elected a Democrat to Congress for the first time since 1964, but it reverted to its Republican ways in 2010. At the state and local level, however, conservative Democrats continued to hold most offices as late as 2002.
White voters gave John McCain, the Republican candidate, 63.42% of the vote in 2008; Barack Obama, the Democratic candidate, received 36.05%, attracting voters beyond the substantial (and expected) African-American minority.
The district gives its congressmen very long tenures in Washington; only six people have represented it from 1923 to 2021, with five of six holding it for at least 10 years and four of six holding it for at least 15 years. Barry Moore, elected in 2021, represented the district when it was redrawn in 2023, to which he would continue his Congressional career in the neighboring 1st district.[6]
The new 2nd district takes the heavier African American communities of Butler, Macon, Monroe, Pike, and Russell counties as well as the capital Montgomery, Alabama. The district is expected to elect a Democratic representative to Congress in the 2024 elections.[7]
| Year | Office | Results | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | President | Bush 61 - 38% | |
| 2004 | President | Bush 67 - 33% | |
| 2008 | President | McCain 63 - 36% | |
| 2012 | President | Romney 63 - 36% | |
| 2016 | President | Trump 65 - 33% | |
| Senate | Shelby 65.5% - 34.3% | ||
| 2017 | Senate | Moore 55% - 44% | |
| 2020 | President | Trump 64.1 - 34.7% | |
| Senate | Tuberville 62.2% - 37.7% | ||
| 2022 | Senate | Britt 69.6% - 28.3% |
| Year | Office | Results |
|---|---|---|
| 2008 | President | Obama 54.9 - 44.1% |
| 2012 | President | Obama 56.5 - 43.5% |
| 2016 | President | Clinton 53.9 - 43.4% |
| Senate | Crumpton 54.0 - 45.9% | |
| 2017 | Senate | Jones 65.7 - 33.3% |
| 2018 | Governor | Maddox 56.5 - 43.4% |
| 2020 | President | Biden 55.6 - 43.2% |
| Senate | Jones 58.4% - 41.4% | |
| 2022 | Governor | Ivey 49.3 - 47.6% |
| Senate | Boyd 49.3 - 48.8% |
| Member | Party | Years | Cong ress | Electoral history | District location | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| District created March 4, 1823 | ||||||||
John McKee | Democratic-Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1823 – March 3, 1825 | Elected in 1823. Re-elected in 1825. Re-elected in 1827. Retired. | 1823–1833 "Middle district": Bibb, Blount, Franklin, Greene, Jefferson, Marengo, Marion, Morgan, Perry, Pickens, Saint Clair, Shelby, and Tuscaloosa counties | |||
| Jacksonian | nowrap | March 4, 1825– March 3, 1829 | ||||||
| align=left | Robert Emmett Bledsoe Baylor | Jacksonian | nowrap | March 4, 1829 – March 3, 1831 | Elected in 1829. Lost re-election. | |||
| align=left | Samuel Wright Mardis | Jacksonian | nowrap | March 4, 1831 – March 3, 1833 | Elected in 1831. Redistricted to the . | |||
| align=left | John McKinley | Jacksonian | nowrap | March 4, 1833 – March 3, 1835 | Elected in 1833. Retired. | 1833–1841 | ||
Joshua L. Martin | Jacksonian | nowrap | March 4, 1835 – March 3, 1837 | Elected in 1835 | ||||
| Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1837 – March 3, 1839 | Re-elected in 1837. Retired. | |||||
| align=left | David Hubbard | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1839 – March 3, 1841 | Elected in 1839. Redistricted to the and lost re-election. | |||
| District inactive | nowrap | March 3, 1841 – March 3, 1843 | All representatives elected . | |||||
| align=left | James Edwin Belser | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1843 – March 3, 1845 | Elected in 1843. Retired. | 1843–1855 | ||
| align=left | Henry Washington Hilliard | Whig | nowrap | March 4, 1845 – March 3, 1851 | Elected in 1845. Re-elected in 1847. Re-elected in 1849. Retired. | |||
| align=left | James Abercrombie | Whig | nowrap | March 4, 1851 – March 3, 1855 | Elected in 1851. Re-elected in 1853. Retired. | |||
| align=left | Eli Sims Shorter | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1855 – March 3, 1859 | Elected in 1855. Re-elected in 1857. Retired. | 1855–1863 | ||
| align=left | James L. Pugh | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1859 – January 21, 1861 | Elected in 1859. Withdrew due to Civil War. | |||
| Vacant | nowrap | January 21, 1861 – July 21, 1868 | Civil War and Reconstruction | |||||
| align=left | Charles Waldron Buckley | Republican | nowrap | July 21, 1868 – March 3, 1873 | Elected to finish the partial term. Re-elected in 1868. Re-elected in 1870. Retired. | 1863–1877 | ||
| align=left | James T. Rapier | Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1873 – March 3, 1875 | Elected in 1872. Lost re-election. | |||
| align=left | Jeremiah Norman Williams | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1875 – March 3, 1877 | Elected in 1874. Redistricted to the . | |||
| align=left | Hilary A. Herbert | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1877 – March 3, 1893 | Elected in 1876. Re-elected in 1878. Re-elected in 1880. Re-elected in 1882. Re-elected in 1884. Re-elected in 1886. Re-elected in 1888. Re-elected in 1890. Retired. | 1877–1893 | ||
| align=left | Jesse F. Stallings | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1893 – March 3, 1901 | Elected in 1892. Re-elected in 1894. Re-elected in 1896. Re-elected in 1898. Retired. | 1893–1933 | ||
| align=left | Ariosto A. Wiley | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1901 – June 17, 1908 | Elected in 1900. Re-elected in 1902. Re-elected in 1904. Re-elected in 1906. Died. | |||
| Vacant | nowrap | June 17, 1908 – November 3, 1908 | ||||||
| align=left | Oliver C. Wiley | Democratic | nowrap | November 3, 1908 – March 3, 1909 | Elected to finish his brother's term. Retired. | |||
| align=left | S. Hubert Dent Jr. | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1909 – March 3, 1921 | Elected in 1908. Re-elected in 1910. Re-elected in 1912. Re-elected in 1914. Re-elected in 1916. Re-elected in 1918. Lost renomination. | |||
| align=left | John R. Tyson | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1921 – March 27, 1923 | Elected in 1920. Re-elected in 1922. Died. | |||
| Vacant | nowrap | March 27, 1923 – August 14, 1923 | ||||||
J. Lister Hill | Democratic | August 14, 1923 – January 11, 1938 | Elected to finish Tyson's term. Re-elected in 1924. Re-elected in 1926. Re-elected in 1928. Re-elected in 1930. Re-elected in 1932. Re-elected in 1934. Re-elected in 1936. Resigned when appointed U.S. Senator. | |||||
| 1933–1963 | ||||||||
| Vacant | nowrap | January 11, 1938 – June 14, 1938 | ||||||
| align=left | George M. Grant | Democratic | nowrap | June 14, 1938 – January 3, 1963 | Elected to finish Hill's term. Re-elected in 1938. Re-elected in 1940. Re-elected in 1942. Re-elected in 1944. Re-elected in 1946. Re-elected in 1948. Re-elected in 1950. Re-elected in 1952. Re-elected in 1954. Re-elected in 1956. Re-elected in 1958. Re-elected in 1960. Redistricted to the . | |||
| District inactive | nowrap | January 3, 1963 – January 3, 1965 | All representatives elected . | |||||
William L. Dickinson | Republican | January 3, 1965 – January 3, 1993 | Elected in 1964. Re-elected in 1966. Re-elected in 1968. Re-elected in 1970. Re-elected in 1972. Re-elected in 1974. Re-elected in 1976. Re-elected in 1978. Re-elected in 1980. Re-elected in 1982. Re-elected in 1984. Re-elected in 1986. Re-elected in 1988. Re-elected in 1990. Retired. | 1965–1973 | ||||
| 1973–1993 | ||||||||
Terry Everett | Republican | January 3, 1993 – January 3, 2009 | Elected in 1992. Re-elected in 1994. Re-elected in 1996. Re-elected in 1998. Re-elected in 2000. Re-elected in 2002. Re-elected in 2004. Re-elected in 2006. Retired. | 1993–2003 | ||||
| 2003–2013 | ||||||||
| align=left | Bobby Bright | Democratic | nowrap | January 3, 2009 – January 3, 2011 | Elected in 2008. Lost re-election. | |||
Martha Roby | Republican | January 3, 2011 – January 3, 2021 | Elected in 2010. Re-elected in 2012. Re-elected in 2014. Re-elected in 2016. Re-elected in 2018. Retired. | |||||
| 2013–2023 | ||||||||
Barry Moore | Republican | January 3, 2021 – present | Elected in 2020. Re-elected in 2022. Redistricted to the 1st district. | |||||
| 2023–2025 | ||||||||
| 2025–present --> | ||||||||
These are the results from the previous ten election cycles in Alabama's 2nd district.[8]