A colonial exhibition was a type of international exhibition that was held to boost trade. During the 1880s and beyond, colonial exhibitions had the additional aim of bolstering popular support for the various colonial empires during the New Imperialism period, which included the scramble for Africa.
The first colonial exhibition, in Victoria, Australia, in 1866, was the progeny of 25 years of similar exhibitions held in Melbourne, in which other colonies within the Australian continent participated.
Perhaps the most notable colonial exhibition was the 1931 Paris Colonial Exposition, which lasted six months and sold 33 million tickets.[1] Paris's Colonial Exhibition opened on 6 May 1931 on 110 hectares (272 acres) of the Bois de Vincennes. The exhibition included dozens of temporary museums and façades representing the various colonies of the European nations, as well as several permanent buildings. Among these were the Palais de la Porte Dorée, designed by architect Albert Laprode, which then housed the Musée permanent des Colonies, and serves today as the Cité nationale de l'histoire de l'immigration.
The French Communist Party held an anti-colonial counter-exhibition near the 1931 Colonial Exhibition, titled The Truth About the Colonies. The first section was dedicated to crimes during the colonial conquests, and quoted Albert Londres and André Gide's criticisms of forced labour. The second one contrasted the Soviet Union's "nationalities policy" with "imperialist colonialism".
Germany and Portugal also staged colonial exhibitions. Human zoos were featured in some of the exhibitions, such as the Parisian 1931 exhibition.[2]
The Empire of Japan hosted colonial showcases in exhibitions within the Home Islands, but also held several full-scale expositions inside its colonies of Korea and Taiwan. These exhibitions had objectives comparable to their European counterparts, highlighting economic achievements and social progress under Japanese colonial rule to Japanese and colonial subjects alike. Brussels was the venue for the last colonial exhibition: the Belgian Foire coloniale, held in 1948.
Exhibitions that may be described as colonial exhibitions include the following.
| Name of exhibition | Date | Location | Country | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sydney International Exhibition | 1879 | Sydney | |||
| 1883 |  Netherlands | ||||
| 1886 | |||||
| 1887 | Spain | ||||
| 1889 |  France | ||||
| Exposition internationale et coloniale | 1894 | France | |||
| 1894 | |||||
| 1896 | |||||
| Exposition nationale et coloniale | 1896 | Rouen | France | ||
| 1897 | |||||
| Exposition internationale et coloniale | 1898 | Rochefort | France | ||
| Greater America Exposition | 1899 | Omaha |  United States | ||
| 1902 | |||||
| 1902 | United States | ||||
| 1906 | |||||
| Exposition Coloniale | 1907 | France | |||
| 1908 | [3] | ||||
| Festival of Empire | 1911 |  United Kingdom | |||
| 1910 | |||||
| 1914 | |||||
| 1914 | |||||
| Joseon Industrial Exhibition | 1915 | Gyeongseong (Seoul) |  Japanese Korea | ||
| 1921 | |||||
| 1922 | |||||
| 1924 | |||||
| Chosun Exhibition | 1929 | Gyeongseong (Seoul) | Japanese Korea | ||
| 1930 | Antwerp[4] | ||||
| 1931 | [5] | ||||
| 1934 | |||||
| Taiwan Exposition | 1935 | Taihoku (Taipei) | Japanese Formosa | ||
| 1936 | |||||
| Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne | 1937 | Paris | France | ||
| 1938 | |||||
| 1939 | Dresden | ||||
| 1940 | [6] | ||||
| 1948 |