International Union of Railways explained

International Union of Railways
Native Name:	Union internationale des chemins de fer
Native Name Lang:	fr
Map:	UIC_Members.svg
Abbreviation:	UIC
Vat Id:	(for European organizations) -->
Status:	Active
Purpose:	Promote rail transport at world level Meet the challenges of mobility and sustainable development
Headquarters:	16 rue Jean Rey Paris, France
Membership:	204
Membership Year:	2021
Owners:	-->
Leader Title:	Chairman
Leader Name:	Dr Alan Beroud (PKP)
Leader Title2:	Vice Chairman
Leader Name2:	Mohamed Rabie Khlie (ONCF)
Leader Title3:	Director General
Leader Name3:	François Davenne (UIC)
Leader Title4:	Coordinator
Leader Name4:	Karine Van Ceunebroeck^[1]

The International Union of Railways (French: Union internationale des chemins de fer, UIC) is an international rail transport industry body.

History

The railways of Europe had originated during the nineteenth century as many separate concerns across numerous nations; this led to disparate and conflicting standards emerging and thus onto incompatibility. One prominent example was the British Gauge War, during which different railway companies were laying different track gauges across Great Britain, causing inefficiency wherever a break of gauge occurred, prior to an Act of Parliament the issue in 1846 by establishing one standard gauge of .^{[2] [3]} The early effort towards standardisation somewhat influenced railways aboard as well, however various other track gauges persisted and developed across the world; even through to the twenty first century, incompatible track gauges, let alone other issues, persisted to hinder interoperability efforts.^{[4] [5] [6] [7]}

Several key events happened during the early twentieth century; in the aftermath of the First World War and the Treaty of Versailles, numerous border changes were enacted across Europe, which greatly impacted several formerly united national railway networks while compelling several others together in some cases. It was early into the interwar period that the UIC was established on 17 October 1922 with the principal aim of standardising practices across the railway industry and expanding international cooperation in the sector.^[8]

The UIC has introduced numerous classification systems over the decades. During the 1970s, the UIC Franc currency equivalent was established for the purpose of easing international ticket revenue sharing;^[9] it was replaced by the European Currency Unit on 1 January 1990.^[10] UIC classification and UIC Country Codes allowed precise determination of rolling stock capabilities and ownership;^{[11] [12]} furthermore, wagons have been assigned their own unique UIC wagon numbers.^{[13] [14]}

Over time, the UIC has formed various partnerships and cooperative frameworks with other multinational railway authorities, such as the European Union Agency for Railways.^[15] The UIC has played a leading role in the development of Technical Specifications for Interoperability (TSIs), which have gradually taken over from older standards developed by various national railway entities.^{[16] [17] [18]}

During the 1990s, the GSM-R radio telecommunication system was formulated as an international interoperability specification covering voice and signalling systems for railway communications.^{[19] [20]} GSM-R, which is built on GSM technology, was designed to be a cost efficient digital replacement for various existing incompatible in-track cable and analogue railway radio networks.^{[21] [22]} The specification for GSM-R is maintained via the UIC project European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS). By June 2023, GSM-R had been implemented across roughly 130,000km of track, along with 90,000 cab radios and 20,000 datalink radio units.^[23]

A more capable next-generation radio, the Future Railway Mobile Communication System (FRMCS) program, is under development as of 2023.^{[24] [23]} In addition to eventually replacing GSM-R, it will provide new capabilities that require more rapid data exchange, such as live video transmission.^{[25] [23]}

Mission

The UIC's mission is "to promote rail transport at world level and meet the challenges of mobility and sustainable development."^[26]

Objectives

The UIC's main objectives^[26] are to:

• Facilitate the sharing of best practices among members (benchmarking)
• Support members in their efforts to develop new business and new areas of activities
• Propose new ways to improve technical and environmental performance
• Promote interoperability, create new world standards for railways (including common standards with other transport modes)
• Develop centres of competence (High Speed, Safety, Security, e-Business, ...)

Members

When founded in 1922 the UIC had 51 members from 29 countries, including Japan and China. They were soon joined by members from the Soviet Union, the Middle East and North Africa. As of February 2024, the UIC has 219 members^[27] across five continents.^[26] Of these there are:

• 62 active members (usually companies located in Europe, East Asia, South Asia and Middle East):

1. ÖBB
2. Infrabel and SNCB
3. ŽFBH
4. BDZ and NRIC
5. CR and NRA
6. HŽ Infrastruktura
7. ČD and Správa železnic
8. DSB
9. FTIA
10. SNCF
11. DB
12. Hellenic Train and OSE
13. Gysev/Raaberbahn and MÁV
14. Indian Railways
15. RAI
16. IRR
17. CIÉ
18. Israel Railways
19. FS
20. JR East
21. KTZ
22. Korail and Korea National Railway
23. LDZ
24. LTG
25. UBTZ
26. ONCF
27. NS and ProRail
28. Bane Nor
29. PKP
30. CP and IP SA
31. CFR Călători, CFR Marfă and CFR SA
32. SAR
33. IŽS
34. ŽSR, ZSSK and ZSSK Cargo
35. SŽ
36. Adif and Renfe
37. Green Cargo, SJ and Trafikverket
38. BLS and SBB CFF FFS
39. CFS
40. THSRC
41. TCDD and TCDDT
42. UZ
43. Eurostar I and Network Rail

• 79 affiliate members (usually companies located in Africa, Oceania, South America and Southeast Asia, or universities and organisations in Europe and Asia, or government authorities):

1. ANESRIF
2. ALAF and JST
3. NTC, TFNSW, Queensland TMR, Victoria DOTP and Western Australia PTA
4. BR ICS and Ubimet
5. BCC
6. ANPTrilhos
7. RAC
8. BJTU, CARS, CRDC, CRECC, CRRC Zhuzhou Institute, CRRC Qingdao Sifang RSRI, CRSC Research & Design Institute, SWJTU and Tongji University
9. ANi
10. Ermewa, Europe Express, Lisea, Région Grand Est, Systra and TELT
11. ARTF
12. Bodensee-Schiffsbetriebe and OPTIMA-TOURS
13. ÉKM, FoxRail and VPE
14. NCRTC and NHSRCL
15. Isfahan Kafriz
16. NTV
17. JR RTRI
18. Aqaba Railway Corporation and JHR
19. KRRI
20. RB Rail
21. ARTF
22. MTZ
23. Eurail and Hitrail
24. COGEFER
25. Entur and Norske Tog
26. DOT
27. IK
28. Medway
29. AFER
30. TGA
31. CFS and SENTER
32. Eurorail Logistics and ŽS
33. RSR and TUT
34. FCH and FFE
35. ASTOC, Jernhusen and Stena Line
36. Alliance Swisspass and Eurofima
37. DRT
38. MOEI
39. ATOC, BCRRE, GCRE, Harsco, HS2 Limited and RSSB
40. AAR and FRA

• 61 associate members (usually companies in Africa and North America):

1. ARA^[28]
2. SNTF
3. FASE
4. SCR
5. Sydney Trains
6. GKB and WLB
7. ADY
8. Thalys
9. ŽRS
10. BRC
11. SOPAFERB
12. Camrail
13. Via Rail
14. EFE
15. SIPF and Sitarail
16. HŽ Cargo and HŽPP
17. Student Agency
18. ENR
19. EDR
20. VR
21. Getlink
22. Setrag
23. ERC.D
24. Georgian Railway
25. Attica Group
26. GYSEV Cargo
27. Trenord
28. JR Central, JR Freight and JR West
29. KRC
30. CFL and CFL Cargo
31. KTM
32. SNIM
33. ŽPCG
34. ZRSM Infrastructure
35. Oman Rail
36. PNR
37. CTV, GFR and Unicom
38. GTS
39. Srbija Kargo and Srbijavoz
40. ETS, Euskotren, FGC and LFP
41. RHB
42. TRC
43. SRT
44. SNCFT
45. Etihad Rail
46. NI Railways
47. Amtrak and CHSRA
48. VNR

• 17 suspended members:

1. BCh
2. ONATRA
3. DJKA, KAI and MASKA
4. Libya Railway
5. MyHSR Corp and RAC
6. ZRSM Transport
7. FPC, MIIT, NIIAS, RZD, RZDstroy and VNIIZHT
8. Sudan Railways Corporation
9. Syrian Hedjaz Railways

On 12 November 2010, the UIC opened an African regional office in Tunis, Tunisia with the support of SNCFT.^[29]

On 9 March 2022, the UIC suspended all member companies from Russia and Belarus, following Russian invasion of Ukraine.^[30]

Standard terminology

In order to provide a common understanding and reduce potential confusion, the UIC has established standard international railway terminology and a trilingual (English-French-German) thesaurus of terms. The thesaurus was the result of cooperation with the European Conference of Ministers of Transport (ECMT/French: CEMT) and was published in 1995.^[31]

Classification of railway vehicles

See main article: UIC classification of goods wagons, UIC classification of locomotive axle arrangements, UIC classification of railway coaches, UIC identification marking for tractive stock and UIC wagon numbers. The UIC has established systems for the classification of locomotives and their axle arrangements, coaches and goods wagons.

Some UIC regulations

UIC plays an important role in standardization of railway parts, data and terminology, though the degree to which its standards have been adopted by its members varies. Therefore, UIC codes (also known as UIC leaflet) are developed since the beginning of UIC's work. A new term for these UIC leaflets is used by UIC for better understanding: International Railway Solution (IRS).^[32]

Some UIC codes are:

• UIC 568 The 13-corded standardized connection cable with connector is used to transmit data and commands between the locomotive and the carriages of a passenger train.
• UIC 592-2 Large containers for transport on wagons – Technical conditions to be fulfilled by large containers accepted for use in international traffic. Describes the classes and categories of large containers, handling characteristics, identification markings, and special conditions applying to large tank containers.
• UIC 592-3 Large containers (CT), swap bodies (CM) and transport frames for horizontal transhipment (CA) – Standard report on acceptance tests.
• UIC 592-4 Swap bodies for grab handling and spreader gripping – Technical conditions. Swap bodies are the removable superstructures of road transport vehicles. Their dimensions and some of their fittings are standardised, particularly dimensions, strength parameters and securing devices, of the road vehicle, the wagon and transhipment arrangements (grab-handling grooves, lower securing parts and, in special cases, upper securing parts).
• UIC 596-5 Transport of road vehicles on wagons – Technical organisation – Conveyance of semi-trailers with P coding or N coding on recess wagons. This leaflet sets out regulations and provisions for semi-trailers with normal road transport characteristics for conveyance on fixed-recess carrier wagons. The provisions are valid for semi-trailers, gantry equipment/industrial trucks with grab handles, recess wagon types 1a and 1b in accordance with UIC Leaflet 571–4.
• UIC 596-6 Conveyance of road vehicles on wagons – Technical organisation – Conditions for coding combined-transport load units and combined-transport lines. The leaflet sets out the coding and organisation of loading units in respect of road vehicles on wagons, designed to ensure compatibility of loading units (LU) with the permissible profile for combined transport lines. The provisions aim to facilitate LU identification to speed-up international traffic movements. They are applicable to semi-trailers, swap bodies, roller units loaded on wagons and bogies in combined transport operations.
• FU-7100^[33] Future Railway Mobile Communication System (FRMCS) User Requirements Specification. Defines a set of technology independent user requirements in the form of individual applications. Each application has been defined to provide or support an identified communications need that is considered necessary for current and future railway operation.

See also

• African Union of Railways, similar organisation focused on Africa
• Association of American Railroads
• Intergovernmental Organisation for International Carriage by Rail
• International Union of Public Transport, (UITP) which covers passenger railways, especially in cities.
• Organization for Cooperation of Railways (OSShD) focused on Eastern Europe and Central Asia
• Community of Metros

References

Bibliography

• Book: Rolt, L. T. C. . Isambard Kingdom Brunel . 1989 . 1957 . Prentice Hall Press . 978-0-582-10744-1.

Notes and References

1. Web site: Executive Board UIC. 31 December 2021.
2. Web site: Railway Regulation (Gauge) Act 1846 . railwaysarchive.co.uk.
3. Rolt 1989, pp. 202–203.
4. Web site: What are the consequences of Europe's different railway gauges? . railfreight.com . 21 April 2022.
5. Web site: Why the end of the gauge war didn't standardise Britain's railway . . 20 May 2021 .
6. Web site: Baltic Trainspotting: Railways and NATO's Logistics problem in Northeastern Europe . Adam . Maisel . Laurynas . Keturakis . 4 February 2018 . Modern War Institute.
7. Web site: Harmonising the future of railway operations . globalrailwayreview.com . 29 December 2006.
8. Web site: UIC since 1922 . UIC – International union of railways . 30 June 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171021101042/http://uic.org/1922-UIC-a-long-life-organisation . 21 October 2017 . dead.
9. Book: de Fontgalland, Bernard . The World Railway System . 8 November 1984 . Cambridge University Press . 978-0-521-24541-8 . 151.
10. Intercontainer opts for the ECU . Rail International . 1990 . 21 . 34.
11. The Railway Data File. Leicester: Silverdale, 2000. p. 52. .
12. Peck C.B., Locomotive cyclopedia of American practice, 1950-52, Association of American Railroads Mechanical Division, Simmons-Boardman Pub. Co., 1950, p. 449.
13. UTP Marking 2015, Uniform Technical Prescription Applicable to Vehicle Numbers and linked alphabetical marking on the bodywork: THE RAILWAY VEHICLE MARKING, Applicable from 1.1.2015, retrieved from: OTIF page Prescriptions and Other Rules
14. http://www.uic.org/etf/codex/codex-detail.php?langue_fiche=E&codeFiche=419-2 Leaflet 419-2
15. Web site: UIC and European Union Agency for Railways sign coordination framework . globalrailwayreview.com . 2 December 2021.
16. Web site: Train braking performance determination . globalrailwayreview.com . 31 May 2005 .
17. Web site: UIC works to reduce train noise with composite brake shoes . globalrailwayreview.com . Hans . Paukert . 3 April 2007.
18. Web site: Fuelling the debate on diesel engine emissions . globalrailwayreview.com . 28 May 2008.
19. Web site: GSM-R: where are we today? . globalrailwayreview.com . 3 November 2005.
20. Web site: GSM-R: a migration strategy to its successor? . 30 January 2019 . Clive . Kessell . Rail Engineer . https://web.archive.org/web/20190222204653/https://www.railengineer.co.uk/2019/01/30/gsm-r-a-migration-strategy-to-its-successor/ . 22 February 2019 .
21. Web site: Siemens Wins Belgian GSM-R . Light Reading . 14 May 2003 . 11 January 2014.
22. Web site: The way from the idea to GSM-R . UIC . 13 March 2013 . 11 January 2014 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140111231007/http://www.uic.org/spip.php?article631 . 11 January 2014 .
23. Web site: The second phase of the FRMCS introduction begins . globalrailwayreview.com . Dan . Mandoc . 2 June 2023.
24. Web site: FRMCS: More than just a successive replacement for GSM-R . Dan . Mandoc . Jean-Michel . Evanghelou . 4 May 2020 . Global Railway Review . Russell Publishing Ltd. .
25. Web site: Beyond GSM-R: the future of railway radio . Kevin . Smith . 1 March 2017 . International Rail Journal . Simmons-Boardman Publishing Inc. . https://web.archive.org/web/20170508133329/http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/telecoms/beyond-gsm-r-the-future-of-railway-radio.html . 8 May 2017 .
26. http://www.uic.org/spip.php?article528 UIC Overview
27. Web site: Vademecum . 15 May 2024 . UIC.
28. Web site: Afghanistan becomes UIC member Pajhwok Afghan News . pajhwok.com . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131219021003/http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2013/12/18/afghanistan-becomes-uic-member . 19 December 2013.
29. Web site: UIC Office for Africa opened in Tunis . 27 November 2010 . Railways Africa.
30. Web site: 9 March 2022 . The international railway community shows solidarity with the people of Ukraine . 15 March 2022 . UIC.
31. Web site: Transport Thesaurus . 1995 . 20 May 2009 . UIC . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150606032638/http://www.uic.org/spip.php?article1593 . 6 June 2015.
32. Web site: Magnien . Airy . UIC e-news . UIC . 21 April 2014.
33. Web site: FRMCS Functional Working Group . UIC . 19 February 2020 . Future Railway Mobile Communication System User Requirements Specification .