In geometry, a uniform 5-polytope is a five-dimensional uniform polytope. By definition, a uniform 5-polytope is vertex-transitive and constructed from uniform 4-polytope facets.
The complete set of convex uniform 5-polytopes has not been determined, but many can be made as Wythoff constructions from a small set of symmetry groups. These construction operations are represented by the permutations of rings of the Coxeter diagrams.
Regular 5-polytopes can be represented by the Schläfli symbol, with s 4-polytope facets around each face. There are exactly three such regular polytopes, all convex:
There are no nonconvex regular polytopes in 5 dimensions or above.
There are 104 known convex uniform 5-polytopes, plus a number of infinite families of duoprism prisms, and polygon-polyhedron duoprisms. All except the grand antiprism prism are based on Wythoff constructions, reflection symmetry generated with Coxeter groups.
The 5-simplex is the regular form in the A5 family. The 5-cube and 5-orthoplex are the regular forms in the B5 family. The bifurcating graph of the D5 family contains the 5-orthoplex, as well as a 5-demicube which is an alternated 5-cube.
Each reflective uniform 5-polytope can be constructed in one or more reflective point group in 5 dimensions by a Wythoff construction, represented by rings around permutations of nodes in a Coxeter diagram. Mirror hyperplanes can be grouped, as seen by colored nodes, separated by even-branches. Symmetry groups of the form [a,b,b,a], have an extended symmetry, [[a,b,b,a]], like [3,3,3,3], doubling the symmetry order. Uniform polytopes in these group with symmetric rings contain this extended symmetry.
If all mirrors of a given color are unringed (inactive) in a given uniform polytope, it will have a lower symmetry construction by removing all of the inactive mirrors. If all the nodes of a given color are ringed (active), an alternation operation can generate a new 5-polytope with chiral symmetry, shown as "empty" circled nodes", but the geometry is not generally adjustable to create uniform solutions.
| Group symbol | data-sort-type="number" | Order | Coxeter graph | Bracket notation | Commutator subgroup | data-sort-type="number" | Coxeter number (h) | Reflections m=5/2 h[7] | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A5 | 720 | [3,3,3,3] | [3,3,3,3]+ | 6 | 15 | |||||
| D5 | 1920 | [3,3,3<sup>1,1</sup>] | [3,3,3<sup>1,1</sup>]+ | 8 | 20 | |||||
| B5 | 3840 | [4,3,3,3] | 10 | 5 | 20 | |||||
There are 5 finite categorical uniform prismatic families of polytopes based on the nonprismatic uniform 4-polytopes. There is one infinite family of 5-polytopes based on prisms of the uniform duoprisms ××.
| Coxeter group | Order | Coxeter diagram | Coxeter notation | Commutator subgroup | Reflections | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A4A1 | 120 | [3,3,3,2] = [3,3,3]×[] | [3,3,3]+ | 10 | 1 | ||||||
| D4A1 | 384 | [3<sup>1,1,1</sup>,2] = [3<sup>1,1,1</sup>]×[] | [3<sup>1,1,1</sup>]+ | 12 | 1 | ||||||
| B4A1 | 768 | [4,3,3,2] = [4,3,3]×[] | 4 | 12 | 1 | ||||||
| F4A1 | 2304 | [3,4,3,2] = [3,4,3]×[] | [3<sup>+</sup>,4,3<sup>+</sup>] | 12 | 12 | 1 | |||||
| H4A1 | 28800 | [5,3,3,2] = [3,4,3]×[] | [5,3,3]+ | 60 | 1 | ||||||
| Duoprismatic prisms (use 2p and 2q for evens) | |||||||||||
| I2(p)I2(q)A1 | 8pq | [p,2,q,2] = [p]×[q]×[] | [p<sup>+</sup>,2,q<sup>+</sup>] | p | q | 1 | |||||
| I2(2p)I2(q)A1 | 16pq | [2p,2,q,2] = [2p]×[q]×[] | p | p | q | 1 | |||||
| I2(2p)I2(2q)A1 | 32pq | [2p,2,2q,2] = [2p]×[2q]×[] | p | p | q | q | 1 | ||||
There are 3 categorical uniform duoprismatic families of polytopes based on Cartesian products of the uniform polyhedra and regular polygons: ×.
| Coxeter group | Order | Coxeter diagram | Coxeter notation | Commutator subgroup | Reflections | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prismatic groups (use 2p for even) | |||||||||||
| A3I2(p) | 48p | [3,3,2,''p''] = [3,3]×[''p''] | [(3,3)<sup>+</sup>,2,''p''<sup>+</sup>] | 6 | p | ||||||
| A3I2(2p) | 96p | [3,3,2,2''p''] = [3,3]×[2''p''] | 6 | p | p | ||||||
| B3I2(p) | 96p | [4,3,2,''p''] = [4,3]×[''p''] | 3 | 6 | p | ||||||
| B3I2(2p) | 192p | [4,3,2,2''p''] = [4,3]×[2''p''] | 3 | 6 | p | p | |||||
| H3I2(p) | 240p | [5,3,2,''p''] = [5,3]×[''p''] | [(5,3)<sup>+</sup>,2,''p''<sup>+</sup>] | 15 | p | ||||||
| H3I2(2p) | 480p | [5,3,2,2''p''] = [5,3]×[2''p''] | 15 | p | p | ||||||
That brings the tally to: 19+31+8+45+1=104
In addition there are:
See also: A5 polytope.
There are 19 forms based on all permutations of the Coxeter diagrams with one or more rings. (16+4-1 cases)
They are named by Norman Johnson from the Wythoff construction operations upon regular 5-simplex (hexateron).
The A5 family has symmetry of order 720 (6 factorial). 7 of the 19 figures, with symmetrically ringed Coxeter diagrams have doubled symmetry, order 1440.
The coordinates of uniform 5-polytopes with 5-simplex symmetry can be generated as permutations of simple integers in 6-space, all in hyperplanes with normal vector (1,1,1,1,1,1).
| Base point | Johnson naming system Bowers name and (acronym) Coxeter diagram | k-face element counts | Vertex figure | Facet counts by location: [3,3,3,3] | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | [3,3,3] (6) | [3,3,2] (15) | [3,2,3] (20) | [2,3,3] (15) | [3,3,3] (6) | Alt | |||||
| 1 | (0,0,0,0,0,1) or (0,1,1,1,1,1) | 5-simplex hexateron (hix) | 6 | 15 | 20 | 15 | 6 | - | - | - | - | ||||
| 2 | (0,0,0,0,1,1) or (0,0,1,1,1,1) | Rectified 5-simplex rectified hexateron (rix) | 12 | 45 | 80 | 60 | 15 | t× | r | - | - | - | |||
| 3 | (0,0,0,0,1,2) or (0,1,2,2,2,2) | Truncated 5-simplex truncated hexateron (tix) | 12 | 45 | 80 | 75 | 30 | Tetrah.pyr | t | - | - | - | |||
| 4 | (0,0,0,1,1,2) or (0,1,1,2,2,2) | Cantellated 5-simplex small rhombated hexateron (sarx) | 27 | 135 | 290 | 240 | 60 | prism-wedge | rr | - | - | × | r | ||
| 5 | (0,0,0,1,2,2) or (0,0,1,2,2,2) | Bitruncated 5-simplex bitruncated hexateron (bittix) | 12 | 60 | 140 | 150 | 60 | 2t | - | - | - | t | |||
| 6 | (0,0,0,1,2,3) or (0,1,2,3,3,3) | Cantitruncated 5-simplex great rhombated hexateron (garx) | 27 | 135 | 290 | 300 | 120 | tr | - | - | × | t | |||
| 7 | (0,0,1,1,1,2) or (0,1,1,1,2,2) | Runcinated 5-simplex small prismated hexateron (spix) | 47 | 255 | 420 | 270 | 60 | t0,3 | - | × | ×r | r | |||
| 8 | (0,0,1,1,2,3) or (0,1,2,2,3,3) | Runcitruncated 5-simplex prismatotruncated hexateron (pattix) | 47 | 315 | 720 | 630 | 180 | t0,1,3 | - | × | ×r | rr | |||
| 9 | (0,0,1,2,2,3) or (0,1,1,2,3,3) | Runcicantellated 5-simplex prismatorhombated hexateron (pirx) | 47 | 255 | 570 | 540 | 180 | t0,1,3 | - | × | ×t | 2t | |||
| 10 | (0,0,1,2,3,4) or (0,1,2,3,4,4) | Runcicantitruncated 5-simplex great prismated hexateron (gippix) | 47 | 315 | 810 | 900 | 360 | Irr.5-cell | t0,1,2,3 | - | × | ×t | tr | ||
| 11 | (0,1,1,1,2,3) or (0,1,2,2,2,3) | Steritruncated 5-simplex celliprismated hexateron (cappix) | 62 | 330 | 570 | 420 | 120 | t | ×t | × | × | t0,3 | |||
| 12 | (0,1,1,2,3,4) or (0,1,2,3,3,4) | Stericantitruncated 5-simplex celligreatorhombated hexateron (cograx) | 62 | 480 | 1140 | 1080 | 360 | tr | ×tr | × | ×rr | t0,1,3 | |||
| 13 | (0,0,0,1,1,1) | Birectified 5-simplex dodecateron (dot) | 12 | 60 | 120 | 90 | 20 | × | r | - | - | - | r | ||
| 14 | (0,0,1,1,2,2) | Bicantellated 5-simplex small birhombated dodecateron (sibrid) | 32 | 180 | 420 | 360 | 90 | rr | - | × | - | rr | |||
| 15 | (0,0,1,2,3,3) | Bicantitruncated 5-simplex great birhombated dodecateron (gibrid) | 32 | 180 | 420 | 450 | 180 | tr | - | × | - | tr | |||
| 16 | (0,1,1,1,1,2) | Stericated 5-simplex small cellated dodecateron (scad) | 62 | 180 | 210 | 120 | 30 | Irr.16-cell | × | × | × | ||||
| 17 | (0,1,1,2,2,3) | Stericantellated 5-simplex small cellirhombated dodecateron (card) | 62 | 420 | 900 | 720 | 180 | rr | ×rr | × | ×rr | rr | |||
| 18 | (0,1,2,2,3,4) | Steriruncitruncated 5-simplex celliprismatotruncated dodecateron (captid) | 62 | 450 | 1110 | 1080 | 360 | t0,1,3 | ×t | × | ×t | t0,1,3 | |||
| 19 | (0,1,2,3,4,5) | Omnitruncated 5-simplex great cellated dodecateron (gocad) | 62 | 540 | 1560 | 1800 | 720 | Irr. | t0,1,2,3 | ×tr | × | ×tr | t0,1,2,3 | ||
| Nonuniform | Omnisnub 5-simplex snub dodecateron (snod) snub hexateron (snix) | 422 | 2340 | 4080 | 2520 | 360 | ht0,1,2,3 | ht0,1,2,3 | ht0,1,2,3 | ht0,1,2,3 | ht0,1,2,3 | (360) Irr. | |||
See also: B5 polytope. The B5 family has symmetry of order 3840 (5!×25).
This family has 25-1=31 Wythoffian uniform polytopes generated by marking one or more nodes of the Coxeter diagram. Also added are 8 uniform polytopes generated as alternations with half the symmetry, which form a complete duplicate of the D5 family as ... = ..... (There are more alternations that are not listed because they produce only repetitions, as ... = .... and ... = .... These would give a complete duplication of the uniform 5-polytopes numbered 20 through 34 with symmetry broken in half.)
For simplicity it is divided into two subgroups, each with 12 forms, and 7 "middle" forms which equally belong in both.
The 5-cube family of 5-polytopes are given by the convex hulls of the base points listed in the following table, with all permutations of coordinates and sign taken. Each base point generates a distinct uniform 5-polytope. All coordinates correspond with uniform 5-polytopes of edge length 2.
| Base point | Name Coxeter diagram | Element counts | Vertex figure | Facet counts by location: [4,3,3,3] | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | [4,3,3] (10) | [4,3,2] (40) | [4,2,3] (80) | [2,3,3] (80) | [3,3,3] (32) | Alt | |||||
| 20 | (0,0,0,0,1)√2 | 5-orthoplex triacontaditeron (tac) | 32 | 80 | 80 | 40 | 10 | - | - | - | - | ||||
| 21 | (0,0,0,1,1)√2 | Rectified 5-orthoplex rectified triacontaditeron (rat) | 42 | 240 | 400 | 240 | 40 | × | - | - | - | ||||
| 22 | (0,0,0,1,2)√2 | Truncated 5-orthoplex truncated triacontaditeron (tot) | 42 | 240 | 400 | 280 | 80 | (Octah.pyr) | - | - | - | t | |||
| 23 | (0,0,1,1,1)√2 | Birectified 5-cube penteractitriacontaditeron (nit) (Birectified 5-orthoplex) | 42 | 280 | 640 | 480 | 80 | × | - | - | - | ||||
| 24 | (0,0,1,1,2)√2 | Cantellated 5-orthoplex small rhombated triacontaditeron (sart) | 82 | 640 | 1520 | 1200 | 240 | Prism-wedge | r | - | - | ||||
| 25 | (0,0,1,2,2)√2 | Bitruncated 5-orthoplex bitruncated triacontaditeron (bittit) | 42 | 280 | 720 | 720 | 240 | - | - | - | |||||
| 26 | (0,0,1,2,3)√2 | Cantitruncated 5-orthoplex great rhombated triacontaditeron (gart) | 82 | 640 | 1520 | 1440 | 480 | t | - | - | |||||
| 27 | (0,1,1,1,1)√2 | Rectified 5-cube rectified penteract (rin) | 42 | 200 | 400 | 320 | 80 | × | r | - | - | - | |||
| 28 | (0,1,1,1,2)√2 | Runcinated 5-orthoplex small prismated triacontaditeron (spat) | 162 | 1200 | 2160 | 1440 | 320 | × | |||||||
| 29 | (0,1,1,2,2)√2 | Bicantellated 5-cube small birhombated penteractitriacontaditeron (sibrant) (Bicantellated 5-orthoplex) | 122 | 840 | 2160 | 1920 | 480 | rr | - | × | - | ||||
| 30 | (0,1,1,2,3)√2 | Runcitruncated 5-orthoplex prismatotruncated triacontaditeron (pattit) | 162 | 1440 | 3680 | 3360 | 960 | × | - | ||||||
| 31 | (0,1,2,2,2)√2 | Bitruncated 5-cube bitruncated penteract (bittin) | 42 | 280 | 720 | 800 | 320 | 2t | - | - | - | ||||
| 32 | (0,1,2,2,3)√2 | Runcicantellated 5-orthoplex prismatorhombated triacontaditeron (pirt) | 162 | 1200 | 2960 | 2880 | 960 | 2t | ×t | - | |||||
| 33 | (0,1,2,3,3)√2 | Bicantitruncated 5-cube great birhombated triacontaditeron (gibrant) (Bicantitruncated 5-orthoplex) | 122 | 840 | 2160 | 2400 | 960 | tr | - | × | - | ||||
| 34 | (0,1,2,3,4)√2 | Runcicantitruncated 5-orthoplex great prismated triacontaditeron (gippit) | 162 | 1440 | 4160 | 4800 | 1920 | × | - | ||||||
| 35 | (1,1,1,1,1) | 5-cube penteract (pent) | 10 | 40 | 80 | 80 | 32 | - | - | - | - | ||||
| 36 | (1,1,1,1,1) + (0,0,0,0,1)√2 | Stericated 5-cube small cellated penteractitriacontaditeron (scant) (Stericated 5-orthoplex) | 242 | 800 | 1040 | 640 | 160 | Tetr.antiprm | × | × | × | ||||
| 37 | (1,1,1,1,1) + (0,0,0,1,1)√2 | Runcinated 5-cube small prismated penteract (span) | 202 | 1240 | 2160 | 1440 | 320 | t0,3 | - | × | ×r | ||||
| 38 | (1,1,1,1,1) + (0,0,0,1,2)√2 | Steritruncated 5-orthoplex celliprismated triacontaditeron (cappin) | 242 | 1520 | 2880 | 2240 | 640 | ||||||||
| 39 | (1,1,1,1,1) + (0,0,1,1,1)√2 | Cantellated 5-cube small rhombated penteract (sirn) | 122 | 680 | 1520 | 1280 | 320 | Prism-wedge | rr | - | - | × | |||
| 40 | (1,1,1,1,1) + (0,0,1,1,2)√2 | Stericantellated 5-cube cellirhombated penteractitriacontaditeron (carnit) (Stericantellated 5-orthoplex) | 242 | 2080 | 4720 | 3840 | 960 | rr | rr× | × | ×rr | ||||
| 41 | (1,1,1,1,1) + (0,0,1,2,2)√2 | Runcicantellated 5-cube prismatorhombated penteract (prin) | 202 | 1240 | 2960 | 2880 | 960 | t0,2,3 | - | × | ×t | ||||
| 42 | (1,1,1,1,1) + (0,0,1,2,3)√2 | Stericantitruncated 5-orthoplex celligreatorhombated triacontaditeron (cogart) | 242 | 2320 | 5920 | 5760 | 1920 | t0,2,3 | rr× | × | ×tr | ||||
| 43 | (1,1,1,1,1) + (0,1,1,1,1)√2 | Truncated 5-cube truncated penteract (tan) | 42 | 200 | 400 | 400 | 160 | Tetrah.pyr | t | - | - | - | |||
| 44 | (1,1,1,1,1) + (0,1,1,1,2)√2 | Steritruncated 5-cube celliprismated triacontaditeron (capt) | 242 | 1600 | 2960 | 2240 | 640 | t | t× | × | × | ||||
| 45 | (1,1,1,1,1) + (0,1,1,2,2)√2 | Runcitruncated 5-cube prismatotruncated penteract (pattin) | 202 | 1560 | 3760 | 3360 | 960 | - | × | ||||||
| 46 | (1,1,1,1,1) + (0,1,1,2,3)√2 | Steriruncitruncated 5-cube celliprismatotruncated penteractitriacontaditeron (captint) (Steriruncitruncated 5-orthoplex) | 242 | 2160 | 5760 | 5760 | 1920 | t0,1,3 | t× | × | ×t | ||||
| 47 | (1,1,1,1,1) + (0,1,2,2,2)√2 | Cantitruncated 5-cube great rhombated penteract (girn) | 122 | 680 | 1520 | 1600 | 640 | tr | - | - | × | ||||
| 48 | (1,1,1,1,1) + (0,1,2,2,3)√2 | Stericantitruncated 5-cube celligreatorhombated penteract (cogrin) | 242 | 2400 | 6000 | 5760 | 1920 | tr | tr× | × | ×rr | ||||
| 49 | (1,1,1,1,1) + (0,1,2,3,3)√2 | Runcicantitruncated 5-cube great prismated penteract (gippin) | 202 | 1560 | 4240 | 4800 | 1920 | t0,1,2,3 | - | × | ×t | ||||
| 50 | (1,1,1,1,1) + (0,1,2,3,4)√2 | Omnitruncated 5-cube great cellated penteractitriacontaditeron (gacnet) (omnitruncated 5-orthoplex) | 242 | 2640 | 8160 | 9600 | 3840 | Irr. | tr× | tr× | × | ×tr | |||
| 51 | 5-demicube hemipenteract (hin) = | 26 | 120 | 160 | 80 | 16 | r | h | - | - | - | - | (16) | ||
| 52 | Cantic 5-cube Truncated hemipenteract (thin) = | 42 | 280 | 640 | 560 | 160 | h2 | - | - | - | (16) r | (16) t | |||
| 53 | Runcic 5-cube Small rhombated hemipenteract (sirhin) = | 42 | 360 | 880 | 720 | 160 | h3 | - | - | - | (16) r | (16) rr | |||
| 54 | Steric 5-cube Small prismated hemipenteract (siphin) = | 82 | 480 | 720 | 400 | 80 | h | h× | - | - | (16) | (16) t0,3 | |||
| 55 | Runcicantic 5-cube Great rhombated hemipenteract (girhin) = | 42 | 360 | 1040 | 1200 | 480 | h2,3 | - | - | - | (16) 2t | (16) tr | |||
| 56 | Stericantic 5-cube Prismatotruncated hemipenteract (pithin) = | 82 | 720 | 1840 | 1680 | 480 | h2 | h2× | - | - | (16) rr | (16) t0,1,3 | |||
| 57 | Steriruncic 5-cube Prismatorhombated hemipenteract (pirhin) = | 82 | 560 | 1280 | 1120 | 320 | h3 | h× | - | - | (16) t | (16) t0,1,3 | |||
| 58 | Steriruncicantic 5-cube Great prismated hemipenteract (giphin) = | 82 | 720 | 2080 | 2400 | 960 | h2,3 | h2× | - | - | (16) tr | (16) t0,1,2,3 | |||
| Nonuniform | Alternated runcicantitruncated 5-orthoplex Snub prismatotriacontaditeron (snippit) Snub hemipenteract (snahin) = | 1122 | 6240 | 10880 | 6720 | 960 | sr | sr | sr | - | ht0,1,2,3 | (960) Irr. | |||
| Nonuniform | Edge-snub 5-orthoplex Pyritosnub penteract (pysnan) | 1202 | 7920 | 15360 | 10560 | 1920 | sr3 | sr3 | sr3 | s× | ht0,1,2,3 | (960) Irr. × | |||
| Nonuniform | Snub 5-cube Snub penteract (snan) | 2162 | 12240 | 21600 | 13440 | 960 | ht0,1,2,3 | ht0,1,2,3 | ht0,1,2,3 | ht0,1,2,3 | ht0,1,2,3 | (1920) Irr. | |||
See also: D5 polytope. The D5 family has symmetry of order 1920 (5! x 24).
This family has 23 Wythoffian uniform polytopes, from 3×8-1 permutations of the D5 Coxeter diagram with one or more rings. 15 (2×8-1) are repeated from the B5 family and 8 are unique to this family, though even those 8 duplicate the alternations from the B5 family.
In the 15 repeats, both of the nodes terminating the length-1 branches are ringed, so the two kinds of element are identical and the symmetry doubles: the relations are ... = .... and ... = ..., creating a complete duplication of the uniform 5-polytopes 20 through 34 above. The 8 new forms have one such node ringed and one not, with the relation ... = ... duplicating uniform 5-polytopes 51 through 58 above.
| Coxeter diagram Schläfli symbol symbols Johnson and Bowers names | Element counts | Vertex figure | Facets by location: [3<sup>1,2,1</sup>] | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | [3,3,3] (16) | [3<sup>1,1,1</sup>] (10) | [3,3]×[ ] (40) | [ ]×[3]×[ ] (80) | [3,3,3] (16) | Alt | ||||
| [51] | = h, 5-demicube Hemipenteract (hin) | 26 | 120 | 160 | 80 | 16 | r | h | - | - | - | |||
| [52] | = h2, cantic 5-cube Truncated hemipenteract (thin) | 42 | 280 | 640 | 560 | 160 | t | - | - | |||||
| [53] | = h3, runcic 5-cube Small rhombated hemipenteract (sirhin) | 42 | 360 | 880 | 720 | 160 | rr | h3 | - | - | ||||
| [54] | = h4, steric 5-cube Small prismated hemipenteract (siphin) | 82 | 480 | 720 | 400 | 80 | t0,3 | h | h× | - | ||||
| [55] | = h2,3, runcicantic 5-cube Great rhombated hemipenteract (girhin) | 42 | 360 | 1040 | 1200 | 480 | 2t | h2,3 | - | - | tr | |||
| [56] | = h2,4, stericantic 5-cube Prismatotruncated hemipenteract (pithin) | 82 | 720 | 1840 | 1680 | 480 | t0,1,3 | h2 | h2× | - | rr | |||
| [57] | = h3,4, steriruncic 5-cube Prismatorhombated hemipenteract (pirhin) | 82 | 560 | 1280 | 1120 | 320 | t0,1,3 | h3 | h× | - | t | |||
| [58] | = h2,3,4, steriruncicantic 5-cube Great prismated hemipenteract (giphin) | 82 | 720 | 2080 | 2400 | 960 | t0,1,2,3 | h2,3 | h2× | - | tr | |||
| Nonuniform | = ht0,1,2,3, alternated runcicantitruncated 5-orthoplex Snub hemipenteract (snahin) | 1122 | 6240 | 10880 | 6720 | 960 | ht0,1,2,3 | sr | sr | sr | ht0,1,2,3 | (960) Irr. | ||
There are 5 finite categorical uniform prismatic families of polytopes based on the nonprismatic uniform 4-polytopes. For simplicity, most alternations are not shown.
This prismatic family has 9 forms:
The A1 x A4 family has symmetry of order 240 (2*5!).
| Coxeter diagram and Schläfli symbols Name | Element counts | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Facets | Cells | Faces | Edges | Vertices | |||
| 59 | = × 5-cell prism (penp) | 7 | 20 | 30 | 25 | 10 | |
| 60 | = r× Rectified 5-cell prism (rappip) | 12 | 50 | 90 | 70 | 20 | |
| 61 | = t× Truncated 5-cell prism (tippip) | 12 | 50 | 100 | 100 | 40 | |
| 62 | = rr× Cantellated 5-cell prism (srippip) | 22 | 120 | 250 | 210 | 60 | |
| 63 | = t0,3× Runcinated 5-cell prism (spiddip) | 32 | 130 | 200 | 140 | 40 | |
| 64 | = 2t× Bitruncated 5-cell prism (decap) | 12 | 60 | 140 | 150 | 60 | |
| 65 | = tr× Cantitruncated 5-cell prism (grippip) | 22 | 120 | 280 | 300 | 120 | |
| 66 | = t0,1,3× Runcitruncated 5-cell prism (prippip) | 32 | 180 | 390 | 360 | 120 | |
| 67 | = t0,1,2,3× Omnitruncated 5-cell prism (gippiddip) | 32 | 210 | 540 | 600 | 240 |
This prismatic family has 16 forms. (Three are shared with [3,4,3]×[ ] family)
The A1×B4 family has symmetry of order 768 (254!).
The last three snubs can be realised with equal-length edges, but turn out nonuniform anyway because some of their 4-faces are not uniform 4-polytopes.
| Coxeter diagram and Schläfli symbols Name | Element counts | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Facets | Cells | Faces | Edges | Vertices | |||
| [16] | = × Tesseractic prism (pent) (Same as 5-cube) | 10 | 40 | 80 | 80 | 32 | |
| 68 | = r× Rectified tesseractic prism (rittip) | 26 | 136 | 272 | 224 | 64 | |
| 69 | = t× Truncated tesseractic prism (tattip) | 26 | 136 | 304 | 320 | 128 | |
| 70 | = rr× Cantellated tesseractic prism (srittip) | 58 | 360 | 784 | 672 | 192 | |
| 71 | = t0,3× Runcinated tesseractic prism (sidpithip) | 82 | 368 | 608 | 448 | 128 | |
| 72 | = 2t× Bitruncated tesseractic prism (tahp) | 26 | 168 | 432 | 480 | 192 | |
| 73 | = tr× Cantitruncated tesseractic prism (grittip) | 58 | 360 | 880 | 960 | 384 | |
| 74 | = t0,1,3× Runcitruncated tesseractic prism (prohp) | 82 | 528 | 1216 | 1152 | 384 | |
| 75 | = t0,1,2,3× Omnitruncated tesseractic prism (gidpithip) | 82 | 624 | 1696 | 1920 | 768 | |
| 76 | = × 16-cell prism (hexip) | 18 | 64 | 88 | 56 | 16 | |
| 77 | = r× Rectified 16-cell prism (icope) (Same as 24-cell prism) | 26 | 144 | 288 | 216 | 48 | |
| 78 | = t× Truncated 16-cell prism (thexip) | 26 | 144 | 312 | 288 | 96 | |
| 79 | = rr× Cantellated 16-cell prism (ricope) (Same as rectified 24-cell prism) | 50 | 336 | 768 | 672 | 192 | |
| 80 | = tr× Cantitruncated 16-cell prism (ticope) (Same as truncated 24-cell prism) | 50 | 336 | 864 | 960 | 384 | |
| 81 | = t0,1,3× Runcitruncated 16-cell prism (prittip) | 82 | 528 | 1216 | 1152 | 384 | |
| 82 | = sr× snub 24-cell prism (sadip) | 146 | 768 | 1392 | 960 | 192 | |
| Nonuniform | rectified tesseractic alterprism (rita) | 50 | 288 | 464 | 288 | 64 | |
| Nonuniform | truncated 16-cell alterprism (thexa) | 26 | 168 | 384 | 336 | 96 | |
| Nonuniform | bitruncated tesseractic alterprism (taha) | 50 | 288 | 624 | 576 | 192 |
This prismatic family has 10 forms.
The A1 x F4 family has symmetry of order 2304 (2*1152). Three polytopes 85, 86 and 89 (green background) have double symmetry 3,4,3,2], order 4608. The last one, snub 24-cell prism, (blue background) has [3<sup>+</sup>,4,3,2] symmetry, order 1152.
| Coxeter diagram and Schläfli symbols Name | Element counts | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Facets | Cells | Faces | Edges | Vertices | |||
| [77] | = × 24-cell prism (icope) | 26 | 144 | 288 | 216 | 48 | |
| [79] | = r× rectified 24-cell prism (ricope) | 50 | 336 | 768 | 672 | 192 | |
| [80] | = t× truncated 24-cell prism (ticope) | 50 | 336 | 864 | 960 | 384 | |
| 83 | = rr× cantellated 24-cell prism (sricope) | 146 | 1008 | 2304 | 2016 | 576 | |
| 84 | = t0,3× runcinated 24-cell prism (spiccup) | 242 | 1152 | 1920 | 1296 | 288 | |
| 85 | = 2t× bitruncated 24-cell prism (contip) | 50 | 432 | 1248 | 1440 | 576 | |
| 86 | = tr× cantitruncated 24-cell prism (gricope) | 146 | 1008 | 2592 | 2880 | 1152 | |
| 87 | = t0,1,3× runcitruncated 24-cell prism (pricope) | 242 | 1584 | 3648 | 3456 | 1152 | |
| 88 | = t0,1,2,3× omnitruncated 24-cell prism (gippiccup) | 242 | 1872 | 5088 | 5760 | 2304 | |
| [82] | = s× snub 24-cell prism (sadip) | 146 | 768 | 1392 | 960 | 192 |
This prismatic family has 15 forms:
The A1 x H4 family has symmetry of order 28800 (2*14400).
| Coxeter diagram and Schläfli symbols Name | Element counts | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Facets | Cells | Faces | Edges | Vertices | |||
| 89 | = × 120-cell prism (hipe) | 122 | 960 | 2640 | 3000 | 1200 | |
| 90 | = r× Rectified 120-cell prism (rahipe) | 722 | 4560 | 9840 | 8400 | 2400 | |
| 91 | = t× Truncated 120-cell prism (thipe) | 722 | 4560 | 11040 | 12000 | 4800 | |
| 92 | = rr× Cantellated 120-cell prism (srahip) | 1922 | 12960 | 29040 | 25200 | 7200 | |
| 93 | = t0,3× Runcinated 120-cell prism (sidpixhip) | 2642 | 12720 | 22080 | 16800 | 4800 | |
| 94 | = 2t× Bitruncated 120-cell prism (xhip) | 722 | 5760 | 15840 | 18000 | 7200 | |
| 95 | = tr× Cantitruncated 120-cell prism (grahip) | 1922 | 12960 | 32640 | 36000 | 14400 | |
| 96 | = t0,1,3× Runcitruncated 120-cell prism (prixip) | 2642 | 18720 | 44880 | 43200 | 14400 | |
| 97 | = t0,1,2,3× Omnitruncated 120-cell prism (gidpixhip) | 2642 | 22320 | 62880 | 72000 | 28800 | |
| 98 | = × 600-cell prism (exip) | 602 | 2400 | 3120 | 1560 | 240 | |
| 99 | = r× Rectified 600-cell prism (roxip) | 722 | 5040 | 10800 | 7920 | 1440 | |
| 100 | = t× Truncated 600-cell prism (texip) | 722 | 5040 | 11520 | 10080 | 2880 | |
| 101 | = rr× Cantellated 600-cell prism (srixip) | 1442 | 11520 | 28080 | 25200 | 7200 | |
| 102 | = tr× Cantitruncated 600-cell prism (grixip) | 1442 | 11520 | 31680 | 36000 | 14400 | |
| 103 | = t0,1,3× Runcitruncated 600-cell prism (prahip) | 2642 | 18720 | 44880 | 43200 | 14400 |
Uniform duoprism prisms, ××, form an infinite class for all integers p,q>2. ×× makes a lower symmetry form of the 5-cube.
The extended f-vector of ×× is computed as (p,p,1)*(q,q,1)*(2,1) = (2pq,5pq,4pq+2p+2q,3pq+3p+3q,p+q+2,1).
| Coxeter diagram | Names | Element counts | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4-faces | Cells | Faces | Edges | Vertices | |||
| ××[8] | p+q+2 | 3pq+3p+3q | 4pq+2p+2q | 5pq | 2pq | ||
| 2× | 2(p+1) | 3p(p+1) | 4p(p+1) | 5p2 | 2p2 | ||
| 2× | 8 | 36 | 48 | 45 | 18 | ||
| 2× = 5-cube | 10 | 40 | 80 | 80 | 32 | ||
The grand antiprism prism is the only known convex non-Wythoffian uniform 5-polytope. It has 200 vertices, 1100 edges, 1940 faces (40 pentagons, 500 squares, 1400 triangles), 1360 cells (600 tetrahedra, 40 pentagonal antiprisms, 700 triangular prisms, 20 pentagonal prisms), and 322 hypercells (2 grand antiprisms, 20 pentagonal antiprism prisms, and 300 tetrahedral prisms).
| Name | Element counts | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Facets | Cells | Faces | Edges | Vertices | |||
| 104 | grand antiprism prism (gappip)[9] | 322 | 1360 | 1940 | 1100 | 200 | |
Construction of the reflective 5-dimensional uniform polytopes are done through a Wythoff construction process, and represented through a Coxeter diagram, where each node represents a mirror. Nodes are ringed to imply which mirrors are active. The full set of uniform polytopes generated are based on the unique permutations of ringed nodes. Uniform 5-polytopes are named in relation to the regular polytopes in each family. Some families have two regular constructors and thus may have two ways of naming them.
Here are the primary operators available for constructing and naming the uniform 5-polytopes.
The last operation, the snub, and more generally the alternation, are the operations that can create nonreflective forms. These are drawn with "hollow rings" at the nodes.
The prismatic forms and bifurcating graphs can use the same truncation indexing notation, but require an explicit numbering system on the nodes for clarity.
| Operation | width=200 colspan=2 | Extended Schläfli symbol | width=80 | Coxeter diagram | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | t0 | Any regular 5-polytope | |||
| Rectified | t1 | r | The edges are fully truncated into single points. The 5-polytope now has the combined faces of the parent and dual. | ||
| Birectified | t2 | 2r | Birectification reduces faces to points, cells to their duals. | ||
| Trirectified | t3 | 3r | Trirectification reduces cells to points. (Dual rectification) | ||
| Quadrirectified | t4 | 4r | Quadrirectification reduces 4-faces to points. (Dual) | ||
| Truncated | t0,1 | t | Each original vertex is cut off, with a new face filling the gap. Truncation has a degree of freedom, which has one solution that creates a uniform truncated 5-polytope. The 5-polytope has its original faces doubled in sides, and contains the faces of the dual. | ||
| Cantellated | t0,2 | rr | In addition to vertex truncation, each original edge is beveled with new rectangular faces appearing in their place. | ||
| Runcinated | t0,3 | Runcination reduces cells and creates new cells at the vertices and edges. | |||
| Stericated | t0,4 | 2r2r | Sterication reduces facets and creates new facets (hypercells) at the vertices and edges in the gaps. (Same as expansion operation for 5-polytopes.) | ||
| Omnitruncated | t0,1,2,3,4 | All four operators, truncation, cantellation, runcination, and sterication are applied. | |||
| Half | h | Alternation, same as | |||
| Cantic | h2 | Same as | |||
| Runcic | h3 | Same as | |||
| Runcicantic | h2,3 | Same as | |||
| Steric | h4 | Same as | |||
| Steriruncic | h3,4 | Same as | |||
| Stericantic | h2,4 | Same as | |||
| Steriruncicantic | h2,3,4 | Same as | |||
| Snub | s | Alternated truncation | |||
| Snub rectified | sr | Alternated truncated rectification | |||
| ht0,1,2,3 | Alternated runcicantitruncation | ||||
| Full snub | ht0,1,2,3,4 | Alternated omnitruncation | |||
There are five fundamental affine Coxeter groups, and 13 prismatic groups that generate regular and uniform tessellations in Euclidean 4-space.[10] [11]
| Coxeter group | Coxeter diagram | Forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | {\tilde{A}}4 | [3<sup>[5]] | [(3,3,3,3,3)] | 7 | ||
| 2 | {\tilde{C}}4 | [4,3,3,4] | 19 | |||
| 3 | {\tilde{B}}4 | [4,3,3<sup>1,1</sup>] | [4,3,3,4,1<sup>+</sup>] | = | 23 (8 new) | |
| 4 | {\tilde{D}}4 | [3<sup>1,1,1,1</sup>] | [1<sup>+</sup>,4,3,3,4,1<sup>+</sup>] | = | 9 (0 new) | |
| 5 | {\tilde{F}}4 | [3,4,3,3] | 31 (21 new) | |||
Other families that generate uniform honeycombs:
{\tilde{A}}4
{\tilde{D}}4
Non-Wythoffian uniform tessellations in 4-space also exist by elongation (inserting layers), and gyration (rotating layers) from these reflective forms.
| Coxeter group | Coxeter diagram | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | {\tilde{C}}3 {\tilde{I}}1 | [4,3,4,2,∞] | ||
| 2 | {\tilde{B}}3 {\tilde{I}}1 | [4,3<sup>1,1</sup>,2,∞] | ||
| 3 | {\tilde{A}}3 {\tilde{I}}1 | [3<sup>[4],2,∞] | ||
| 4 | {\tilde{C}}2 {\tilde{I}}1 {\tilde{I}}1 | [4,4,2,∞,2,∞] | ||
| 5 | {\tilde{H}}2 {\tilde{I}}1 {\tilde{I}}1 | [6,3,2,∞,2,∞] | ||
| 6 | {\tilde{A}}2 {\tilde{I}}1 {\tilde{I}}1 | [3<sup>[3],2,∞,2,∞] | ||
| 7 | {\tilde{I}}1 {\tilde{I}}1 {\tilde{I}}1 {\tilde{I}}1 | [∞,2,∞,2,∞,2,∞] | ||
| 8 | {\tilde{A}}2 {\tilde{A}}2 | [3<sup>[3],2,3[3]] | ||
| 9 | {\tilde{A}}2 {\tilde{B}}2 | [3<sup>[3],2,4,4] | ||
| 10 | {\tilde{A}}2 {\tilde{G}}2 | [3<sup>[3],2,6,3] | ||
| 11 | {\tilde{B}}2 {\tilde{B}}2 | [4,4,2,4,4] | ||
| 12 | {\tilde{B}}2 {\tilde{G}}2 | [4,4,2,6,3] | ||
| 13 | {\tilde{G}}2 {\tilde{G}}2 | [6,3,2,6,3] | ||
There are 5 compact hyperbolic Coxeter groups of rank 5, each generating uniform honeycombs in hyperbolic 4-space as permutations of rings of the Coxeter diagrams.
| valign=top align=right | {\widehat{AF}}4 | valign=top align=right | {\bar{DH}}4 | valign=top align=right | {\bar{H}}4 {\bar{BH}}4 {\bar{K}}4 |
There are 5 regular compact convex hyperbolic honeycombs in H4 space:[12]
| Honeycomb name | Schläfli Symbol | Coxeter diagram | Facet type | Cell type | Face type | Face figure | Edge figure | Vertex figure | Dual | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Order-5 5-cell (pente) | ||||||||||
| Order-3 120-cell (hitte) | ||||||||||
| Order-5 tesseractic (pitest) | ||||||||||
| Order-4 120-cell (shitte) | ||||||||||
| Order-5 120-cell (phitte) | Self-dual |
There are also 4 regular compact hyperbolic star-honeycombs in H4 space:
| Honeycomb name | Schläfli Symbol | Coxeter diagram | Facet type | Cell type | Face type | Face figure | Edge figure | Vertex figure | Dual | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Order-3 small stellated 120-cell | ||||||||||
| Order-5/2 600-cell | ||||||||||
| Order-5 icosahedral 120-cell | ||||||||||
| Order-3 great 120-cell |
There are 9 paracompact hyperbolic Coxeter groups of rank 5, each generating uniform honeycombs in 4-space as permutations of rings of the Coxeter diagrams. Paracompact groups generate honeycombs with infinite facets or vertex figures.
{\bar{P}}4 {\bar{BP}}4 {\bar{FR}}4 {\bar{DP}}4 | {\bar{N}}4 {\bar{O}}4 {\bar{S}}4 {\bar{M}}4 | {\bar{R}}4 |