| Abbreviation: | UNIÃO |
| President: | Luciano Bivar[1] [2] |
| Secretary General: | ACM Neto |
| Foundation: | [3] |
| Merger: | Democrats Social Liberal Party |
| International: | International Democracy Union |
| Country: | Brazil |
| Brazil Union | |
| Native Name: | União Brasil |
| Slogan: | "Union, Brazil!" |
| Membership: | 1,085,680[4] |
| Position: | Centre-right[5] |
| Affiliation1 Title: | Regional affiliation |
| Blank1 Title: | TSE Identification Number |
| Blank1: | 44 |
| Seats1 Title: | Chamber of Deputies |
| Seats2 Title: | Federal Senate |
| Seats3 Title: | Governorships |
| Seats4 Title: | State Assemblies |
| Seats5 Title: | Mayors |
| Seats6 Title: | City Councillors |
| Colours: | Blue Sky blue Yellow White |
The Brazil Union is a liberal-conservative political party in Brazil. The party was founded on 6 October 2021 through the merger of the Democrats (DEM) and the Social Liberal Party (PSL). The merger resulted in the biggest party in Brazil, and was approved by Brazil's Superior Electoral Court on 8 February 2022.[2] [6] [7] [8]
The party is generally split on opposition to Jair Bolsonaro and is most often in opposition to the policies of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, nominating Soraya Thronicke for president in 2022 Brazilian general election. In 2022, it was reported the party is in talks with the Progressistas to form the largest bloc in Congress, forming a party that could dictate presidential policy.[9]
The Democrats was one of the largest parties on the Brazilian right, being the successor of the Liberal Front Party (PFL), which had been founded by a dissident faction of the Democratic Social Party, which in turn had succeeded the ARENA, the governing party of Brazil’s military dictatorship. The PSL had been founded as a social-liberal party, but after the election of Jair Bolsonaro as President, it started to position itself as a more socially conservative and economically liberal party.[10]
In 2017, Constitutional Amendment 97 was enacted, which established a progressive barrier clause, with that Brazilian political parties have free access to radio and television in electoral campaigns, as well as federal funds. Likewise, the amendment prohibited the formation of political coalitions to contest proportional elections.[11] The purpose of the amendment was to reduce the number of political parties in Brazil.[12]
The first news that emerged proposing the merger was at the end of 2019, during the crisis that culminated in the departure of Jair Bolsonaro from the PSL along with many of his core supporters and by the departure of several historical members of DEM, such as mayor of the city of Rio de Janeiro Eduardo Paes, the former president of the Chamber Rodrigo Maia and the vice governor of the state of São Paulo Rodrigo Garcia, in addition to bad election results of PSL in the municipal elections.[13]
At the time, there was opposition, with ACM Neto, president of Democratas, stating that this union would be meaningless and Felipe Francischini, president of the Constitution and Justice Commission in the Chamber of Deputies, saying that the union would make both parties lose space in politics.
Since then, some political parties merged with others.[14] [15] [16] Using this precedent, in 2021, the Social Liberal Party (PSL) and Democrats announced the upcoming merger.
The name along with the TSE number 44 was chosen at the end of September 2021. The merger was agreed upon on 6 October 2021 by an acclamation on a national convention containing representatives from both parties, and was legally approved by the Superior Electoral Court on 8 February 2022.[17]
In the 2018 elections, the predecessor parties (DEM and PSL) elected 81 federal deputies, so that, on the date of the merger, the party had the largest number of members in the Chamber of Deputies. With the merger however, more core Bolsonaro supporters left the party for the Liberal Party and the Progressistas, given that the party wanted to run its own presidential candidate. In April 2022, the party had 46 members in the Chamber of Deputies, ranking fifth among the parties in the House.[18]
See also: 2022 Brazilian general election. Committing to its attempt to nominate a presidential candidate in the 2022 Brazilian general election, the party nominated Soraya Thronicke, a lawyer and senator from Mato Grasso do Sul, as their presidential candidate and Marcos Cintra, an economist and federal deputy for São Paulo, as vice-president. While Thronicke was not elected, the party itself won the gubernatorial race on Amazonas, Goiás, Mato Grosso and Rondônia.[19] On parliamentary elections they also had success, electing 59 Federal Deputies and 7 Senators.[20] One of them was former Operation Car Wash lead judge Sergio Moro, elected as a Senator for Paraná.
See also: Second cabinet of Lula da Silva. The party accepted 3 ministry posts in the Lula government.[21] Luciano Bivar announced that the party would not be in opposition to the new government, but neither would be part of the governist base, despite the three ministry posts.[22]
Brazil Union is considered a centre-right party.[23] Political scientist Vinícius Vieira describes the merger as being a Brazilian version of liberal parties, focused on capitalizing on the right-wing electorate who have become disillusioned with President Jair Bolsonaro.[24] PSL vice president Junior Bozzella placed the new party as part of the democratic pole and which seeks to avoid political polarization between Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Jair Bolsonaro, stating that radical Bolsonaro supporters would have to leave the party.
At the foundation, a manifesto was defined that affirms the political positions of Brazil Union, with its four guidelines:
The manifesto also defined 44 basic principles of the party. In economics, although advocating fiscal austerity, privatization and tax cuts, the party is against the minimal state,[27] stating that the state has an important role in areas such as education, healthcare, and income transfer programs. On social issues, it positions itself as favorable to the preservation of the Brazilian family and culture, also defending the increase in the participation of women and racial minorities in politics. Furthermore, it states that the existence of climate change is evident and that the government must take immediate action to mitigate this, becoming one of first decidedly pro-business parties to do so.