| Una O'Connor | |
| Birth Name: | Agnes Teresa McGlade |
| Birth Date: | 1880 10, df=yes |
| Birth Place: | Belfast, Ireland |
| Death Place: | New York City, U.S. |
| Resting Place: | Calvary Cemetery (Queens, New York) |
| Occupation: | Actress |
| Years Active: | 1911 - 1957 |
Una O'Connor (born Agnes Teresa McGlade, 23 October 1880 - 4 February 1959) was an Irish-born American actress who worked extensively in theatre before becoming a character actress in film and in television. She often portrayed comical wives, housekeepers and servants. In 2020, she was listed at number 19 on The Irish Times list of Ireland's greatest film actors.[1]
O'Connor was born to a Catholic nationalist family in Belfast, Ireland. Her mother died when she was two; her father was a landowner/ farmer, ensuring that the family always had income from family land.[2] He soon left for Australia and McGlade was brought up by an aunt, studying at St Dominic's School, Belfast, convent schools and in Paris. Thinking she would pursue teaching, she enrolled in the South Kensington School of Art.[2]
Before taking up teaching duties, she enrolled in the Abbey School of Acting (affiliated with Dublin's Abbey Theatre).[2] Her career with the Abbey lasted from 1912 - 1934 where she performed in many productions; these are listed in the Abbey Theatre Archives.[3] She changed her name when she began her acting career with the Abbey Theatre. One of her earliest appearances was in George Bernard Shaw's The Shewing-Up of Blanco Posnet in which she played the part of a swaggering American ranch girl. The production played in Dublin as well as in New York, opening 20 November 1911 at the Maxine Elliott Theatre, marking O'Connor's American debut.[2] [4]
By 1913, she was based in London, where she appeared in The Magic Jug, The Starlight Express (1915-16 at the Kingsway Theatre), and Paddy the Next Best Thing. In the early 1920s, she appeared as a cockney maid in Plus Fours followed in 1924 by her portrayal of a cockney waitress in Frederick Lonsdale's The Fake.[5] In a single paragraph review, an unnamed reviewer noted "Una O'Connor's low comedy hotel maid was effectively handled."[6] The latter show also played in New York (with O'Connor in the cast), opening 6 October 1924 at the Hudson Theatre. A review of the New York performances of The Fake recounts details of the plot, but then mentions
two players of more than ordinary excellence. In the third act of The Fake occurs a scene between Una O'Connor and Godfrey Tearle, with Miss O'Connor as a waitress trying a crude sort of flirtation with Mr. Tearle. He does not respond at all and the longing, the pathos of this servant girl when she has exhausted her charms and receives no encouragement, is the very epitome of what careful character portrayal should be. Miss O'Connor is on the stage for only this single act, but in that short space of time she registers an indelible impression. Rightly, she scored one of the best hits of the performance.[7]
These two plays in which she portrayed servants and waitresses appear to have portended her future career. Returning to London, she played in The Ring o' Bells (November 1925), Autumn Fire (March 1926), Distinguished Villa (May 1926),[2] and Quicksands of Youth (July 1926).[8] When Autumn Fire toured the U.S., opening first in Providence, Rhode Island, a critic wrote: "Una O'Connor, who plays Ellen Keegan, the poor drudge of a daughter, bitter against life and love, does fine work. Her excellence will undoubtedly win her the love of an American public."[9]
She made her first appearance on film in Dark Red Roses (1929), followed by Murder! (1930) directed by Alfred Hitchcock, and an uncredited part in To Oblige a Lady (1931).
Despite her lengthy apprenticeship, she had attracted little attention. British critic Eric Johns recalled meeting her in 1931 in which she confessed: "I don't know what I'm going to do if I don't get work ... The end of my savings is in sight and unless something happens soon, I'll not be able to pay the rent".[10] Her luck changed when she was chosen by Noël Coward to appear in Cavalcade at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane in 1933. When she expressed surprise that Coward had noticed her, Coward replied that he had watched her for years and wrote the part with her in mind.[10] She portrayed an Edwardian servant who transforms herself into a self-made woman.[10] When the curtain came down after a performance attended by Hollywood executives, they exclaimed to each other "We must have that Irish woman. That is obvious".[10] Her success led her to reprise her role in the film version of Cavalcade, released in 1933, and with its success, O'Connor decided to remain in the United States.
Among O'Connor's most successful and best remembered roles are her comic performances in James Whale's The Invisible Man (1933) as the publican's wife, and in Bride of Frankenstein (1935) as the Baron's housekeeper. She also appeared in two films for director John Ford: The Informer (1935) and The Plough and the Stars (1936). Feeling homesick, in 1937 she returned to London for twelve months in the hope of finding a good part but found nothing that interested her. While in England she appeared in three live BBC Television productions,[11] including a play by Irish playwright Teresa Deevy called In Search of Valour (1939)[12] in which she played the part of Stasia Claremorris. After her return to America, the storage facility that housed her furniture and car was destroyed in one of The Blitz strikes, which she took as a sign to remain in America.[10]
Her film career continued with roles in Michael Curtiz's The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938) and The Sea Hawk (1940); and in Leo McCarey's The Bells of St. Mary's (1944). She appeared in stage productions in supporting roles and achieved an outstanding success in the role of Janet McKenzie, the nearly deaf housemaid, in Agatha Christie's Witness for the Prosecution at Henry Miller's Theatre on Broadway from 1954 to 1956; she also appeared in the film version in 1957, directed by Billy Wilder. As one of the witnesses, in what was essentially a serious drama, O'Connor's character was intended to provide comic relief. It was her final film performance.[10]
After a break from her initial forays in television, she took up the medium again by 1950.[11] In 1952, she was able to state that she had been in 38 productions that year alone.[13] In a rare article written by O'Connor, she called working in television "the most exacting and nerve-racking experience that has ever come my way. It is an attempt to do two things at once, a combination of stage and screen techniques with the compensations of neither".[13] Observing many actors disliked television work, O'Connor took the opposite view in liking the medium it because it allowed her to play many parts. She lamented that preparation for television work was too short a period for an actor to fully realize the depths of role characterization, but it showed an actor's mettle by the enormous amount of work needed. "Acting talent alone is not enough for the job. It requires intense concentration, an alert-quickmindedness that can take changes in direction at the last minute".[13] O'Connor concluded presciently: "It sounds fantastic and that is just exactly what it is, but it also an expanding field of employment that has come to stay. As such it is more than welcome here, where the living theatre seems determinedly headed the opposite way".[13]
Reportedly she was "happily resigned" to being typecast as a servant. "There's no such thing as design in an acting career. You just go along with the tide. Nine times out of ten one successful part will set you in a rut from which only a miracle can pry you".[14]
Her weak heart was detected in 1932 when her arrival in America began with detention at Ellis Island because of a "congenital heart condition".[15] By the time of her appearance in the stage version of Witness for the Prosecution she had to stay in bed all day, emerging only to get to the theater and then leaving before the curtain call in order to return to her bed. Her appearance in the film version was intended to be her last.[10]
Eric Johns described O'Connor as
... a frail little woman, with enormous eyes that reminded one of a hunted animal. She could move one to tears with the greatest of ease, and just as easily reduce an audience to helpless laughter in comedies of situation. She was mistress of the art of making bricks without straw. She could take a very small part, but out of the paltry lines at her disposal, create a real flesh-and-blood creature, with a complete and credible life of its own.[10]
She admired John Galsworthy and claimed to have read all his works.[10] She once said "Acting is a gift from God. It is like a singer's voice. I might quite easily wake up one morning to find that it has been taken from me."[10]
O'Connor became an American citizen on 3 March 1952.[16] She had been living at the Windsor House at 100 West 58th Street in Manhattan.[2] She died, having never married nor had children, in New York City from heart disease, aged 78, on 4 February 1959 at the Mary Manning Walsh Home. She is interred in Calvary Cemetery in Queens, New York.[17]
Dates are of the first performance.
| Date (year, month, day) | Title | Author(s) | City | Theater | Role | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1911-11-20 | The Playboy of the Western World | John Millington Synge | New York City | Maxine Elliott's Theatre | IBDB.[18] | |
| 1911-11-20 | The Well of the Saints | John Millington Synge | New York City | Maxine Elliott's Theatre | IBDB.[19] | |
| 1911-12-15 | The Shewing-Up of Blanco Posnet | George Bernard Shaw | New York City | Maxine Elliott's Theatre | Jessie[20] | |
| 1912-02-12 | The Countess Cathleen | William Butler Yeats | Dublin | Abbey Theatre | Angel[21] | |
| 1912-02-16 | An Tincear agus an t-Sidheog | Douglas Hyde | Dublin | Abbey Theatre | Bean Og[22] | |
| 1912-02-22 | The Land of Heart's Desire | William Butler Yeats | Dublin | Abbey Theatre | Maire Bruin[23] | |
| 1912-02-29 | Spreading the News | Lady Gregory | Dublin | Abbey Theatre | Mrs. Fallon[24] | |
| 1912-10-03 | The Country Dressmaker | George Fitzmaurice | Dublin | Abbey Theatre | Ellie Clohessy[25] | |
| 1913-01-03 | The Dean of St. Patrick's | G. Sidney Paternoster | Dublin | Abbey Theatre | Mistress Anne Long[26] | |
| 1913-02-20 | Hannele | Gerhart Hauptmann | Dublin | Abbey Theatre | Sister Martha[27] | |
| 1913-04-17 | The Stronger | August Strindberg translated by Edith and Warner Oland | Dublin | Abbey Theatre | Mdlle. Y[28] | |
| 1913-04-17 | Broken Faith | Suzanne R. Day and Geraldine Cummins | Dublin | Abbey Theatre | Mrs. Gara[29] | |
| 1913-06-28 | The Country Dressmaker | George Fitzmaurice | London | Royal Court Theatre | Min | |
| 1913-06-28 | The Magic Glasses | George Fitzmaurice | London | Royal Court Theatre | Aunt Jug | |
| 1915-12-29 | The Starlight Express | Algernon Blackwood | London | Kingsway Theatre | Grannie | |
| 1916-01-18 | Bauldy | Patrick Wilson | London | Royalty Theatre | Martha Doyle | |
| 1916-02-25 | The Holy Bond | Monica Ewer | London | New Theatre | Mary | |
| 1917-12-16 | Insurrection | W. F. Casey | London | Criterion Theatre | Nora O'Connell | |
| 1920-04-05 | Paddy the Next Best Thing | Gayer Mackay and Robert Ord (Edith Ostlere) | London | Strand Theatre | Miss O'Hara | |
| 1923-01-17 | Plus Fours | Horace Annesley Vachell and Harold Simpson | London | Haymarket Theatre | Mrs. Plumbridgea | |
| 1923-12-26 | Paddy the Next Best Thing | Gayer Mackay and Robert Ord (Edith Ostlere) | London | Savoy Theatre | Miss O'Hara | |
| 1924-03-13 | The Fake | London | Apollo Theatre | Waitress | ||
| 1925-05-10 | By Right of Conquest | London | Scala Theatre | Annie | ||
| 1925-07-01 | The Show | London | St Martin's Theatre | Cook | ||
| 1925-07-01 | The Ring o' Bells | Neil Lyons | London | Comedy Theatre | Miss Bibby | |
| 1926-01-20 | The Man Who Was Thursday | Ada Elizabeth Chesterton and Ralph Neale | London | Everyman Theatre | Cook | |
| 1926-01-31 | Beyond the Horizon | London | Regent Theatre | Mrs. Atkins | ||
| 1926-03-28 | The Rescue Party | Phyllis Morris | London | Regent Theatre | Maid | |
| 1926-04-13 | Autumn Fire | T. C. Murray | London | Little Theatre | Ellen Keegan | |
| 1926-05-02 | Distinguished Villa | Kate O'Brien | London | Aldwych Theatre | Mabel Hemworth | |
| 1926-07-04 | Quicksands of Youth | Roy Jordan | London | Scala Theatre | Mrs. Redmain | |
| 1927-07-18 | The Village | Vere Sullivan | London | Globe Theatre | Martha Smith | |
| 1927-09-11 | Chance Acquaintance | John Van Druten | London | Strand Theatre | Miss Cathcart | |
| 1927-09-24 | Master | Marjorie Ling | London | Mrs. Kerridge | ||
| 1927-10-23 | Mr. Sleeman | Hjalmar Bergman | London | Arts Theatre | Mrs. Mina | |
| 1927-09-11 | Chance Acquaintance | John Van Druten | London | Criterion Theatre | Miss Cathcart | |
| 1927-11-14 | The Big Drum | Harold Holland | London | Adelphi Theatre | Mrs. Jowett | |
| 1927-12-11 | Tamaresque | Clive Currie | London | Strand Theatre | Mrs. Bonnett | |
| 1927-12-13 | The Soul of Nicholas Snyders | Jerome K. Jerome | London | Everyman Theatre | Dame Toelast | |
| 1928-02-06 | Macbeth | William Shakespeare | London | Royal Court Theatre | Third Witch | |
| 1928-03-11 | Nicholas Nickleby | H. Sims, adapted from Charles Dickens | London | Arts Theatre | Fanny Squeers | |
| 1928-03-25 | The Way | Lady Constance Malleson | London | Arts Theatre | Greta | |
| 1928-03-25 | Love in a Village | Isaac Bickerstaffe and Thomas Arne | London | Lyric Theatre | Mrs. Deborah Woodcock | |
| 1928-07-01 | The Tragic Muse | Hubert Griffith | London | Arts Theatre | Mme. Carré | |
| 1928-10-25 | Birthright | T. C. Murray | London | Arts Theatre | Maura Morrissey | |
| 1928-11-05 | The Silver Box | John Galsworthy | London | Everyman Theatre | Mrs. Jones | |
| 1928-12-09 | Wrongs and Rights | Gordon Whitehead | London | Strand Theatre | Fanny Hunt | |
| 1928-12-22 | The Passing of the Third Floor Back | Jerome K. Jerome | London | Everyman Theatre | Miss Kite | |
| 1929-03-08 | The Pleasure Garden | Beatrice Mayor | London | Everyman Theatre | Clergyman's wife | |
| 1929-05-05 | After All | John Van Druten | London | Apollo Theatre | Miss Minnister | |
| 1929-05-15 | Wrongs and Rights | Gordon Whitehead | London | Strand Theatre | Fanny Hunt | |
| 1929-06-19 | Exiled | John Galsworthy | London | Wyndham's Theatre | Woman | |
| 1929-10-11 | The Silver Tassie | London | Apollo Theatre | Mrs. Foran | ||
| 1929-12-23 | The Passing of the Third Floor Back | Jerome K. Jerome | London | Everyman Theatre | Miss Kite | |
| 1930-06-18 | Long Shadows | Philip Johnson | London | Everyman Theatre | Mrs. Dodd | |
| 1930-09-01 | The Far-Off Hills | Lennox Robinson | London | Everyman Theatre | Ellen Nolan | |
| 1930-10-26 | Chassis | Aubrey Ensor | London | Apollo Theatre | Bridget Maloney | |
| 1931-02-17 | Etienne | Gilbert Wakefield | London | St James's Theatre | Cousin Valérie | |
| 1931-02-22 | Something Strange | Frank Vosper | London | Phoenix Theatre | Mrs. Highley | |
| 1931-03-15 | The Accomplice | Frank Popham-Young | London | Arts Theatre | Mercy | |
| 1931-03-15 | The Gaol Gate | Lady Gregory | London | Arts Theatre | Mary Cushin | |
| 1931-03-15 | Love at First Sight | - | London | Arts Theatre | ||
| 1931-03-15 | The Perfect Plot | Aubrey Ensor | London | Arts Theatre | Sara Allgood | |
| 1931-03-15 | Strange Adventure of a Maiden Lady | Rosalind Wade | London | Arts Theatre | Maiden Lady | |
| 1931-10-13 | Cavalcade | Noël Coward | London | Drury Lane Theatre | Ellen Bridges | |
| 1931-10-25 | The Nag's Head | Ernest George | London | Arts Theatre | Barmaid | |
| 1939-02-12 | The Appointment | Reginald Purdell | London | Vaudeville Theatre | Woman | |
| 1945-09-24 | The Ryan Girl | Edmund Goulding | New York City | Plymouth Theatre | Weavy Hicks[30] | |
| 1948-03-02 | The Linden Tree | J. B. Priestley | New York City | Music Box Theatre | Mrs. Cotton[31] | |
| 1949-01-18 | The Shop at Sly Corner | Edward Percy | New York City | Booth Theatre | Mrs. Catt[32] | |
| 1950-01-18 | The Enchanted (English adaptation by Maurice Valency) | Jean Giraudoux | New York City | Lyceum Theatre | Leonide Mangebois[33] | |
| 1954-01-13 | The Starcross Story | Diana Morgan | New York City | Royale Theatre | Ellen[34] | |
| 1954-12-16 | Witness for the Prosecution | Agatha Christie | New York City | Henry Miller's Theatre | Janet Mackenzie[35] |