| Umrangso | |
| Other Name: | Umrongso |
| Settlement Type: | Town |
| Nickname: | Garampani |
| Pushpin Map: | India Assam#India |
| Pushpin Label Position: | right |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location in Assam, India |
| Coordinates: | 25.5136°N 92.737°W |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: |  India |
| Subdivision Type1: | State |
| Subdivision Type2: | District |
| Subdivision Name1: | Assam |
| Subdivision Name2: | Dima Hasao |
| Unit Pref: | Metric |
| Area Total Km2: | 3.98 |
| Elevation M: | 640 |
| Population Total: | 9024 |
| Population As Of: | 2001 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Demographics Type1: | Languages |
| Demographics1 Title1: | Spoken |
| Timezone1: | IST |
| Utc Offset1: | +5:30 |
| Postal Code Type: | PIN |
| Postal Code: | 788931 |
| Area Code: | 03670 |
| Area Code Type: | Telephone code |
| Registration Plate: | AS08 |
| Blank1 Name Sec1: | Sex ratio |
| Blank1 Info Sec1: | 0.8245 ♂/♀ |
| Demographics1 Info1: | Dimasa, Khasi, Karbi, Biate, Hindi etc. |
| Demographics1 Title2: | Others |
Umrangso (Pron: ʊˈmrəʊŋˌsəʊ) is an industrial town and a town area committee in Dima Hasao district in the state of Assam, India. It is located at the border of Assam and Meghalaya states some 112 km from Haflong, the district headquarters of Dima Hasao district of Assam.
The name "Umrangso" is derived from the Pnar dialect of the Khasi language, and means "red colour water" ("Um" meaning "water" and "rangso" meaning "red colour")
The region has been deeply affected by factional violence involving several armed insurgent groups fighting among themselves and with the Indian Security Forces. Since 2011 there has been a decrease in violence following arrests of several high-ranking insurgent leaders and a cease-fire agreement with the Indian Government.[1]
See main article: Kopili Hydro Electric Project. A government of India enterprise, located in the Dima Hasao district (formerly known as North Cachar Hills district) near the Assam-Meghalaya border, the hot spring of Garampani is now lost in the dammed water of Kopili river after completion of Kopili Hydro Electric Project.[2] The Kopili Hydro Electric Project was the maiden venture of NEEPCO when it came into existence in 1976.
The first stage extension of the plant envisaged setting up two additional 50 MW units at Kopili power station, provisions for which were already kept during the first stage development of the project. The Units III and IV under this extension scheme were commissioned in March 1997 and June 1997 respectively. The total installed capacity of the Kopili power station thus went up to 200 MW and that of the project as whole to 275 MW. The Umrong reservoir was raised by 7.6 m to meet the demand for more water for two additional 50 MW units of first stage extension.
Vinay Cements was set up in 1989 at a capital cost of ₹270 million. At the time of commissioning, it was one of the largest private sector investments in the North-East region. The plant uses rotary technology with a four stage pre-heater and fourth generation grate cooler with current installed capacity of 0.24 million tons per annum. In its category, it has consistently been among the top three manufacturers of cement since its inception. In 2004 it became a 100% debt-free company. In 2006–2007 it has reported revenues of ₹488 million and an earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBIDTA) of ₹117 million. With a view to consolidate the group companies and provide greater shareholder value, it has recently initiated the process of acquiring RCL Cement in an all-stock deal.[3]
Residents in the area claim that the presence of these cement factories has led to chronic air pollution.[4]
India census,[5] Umrongso had a population of 10,376. Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. Umrongso has an average literacy rate of 74%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 79%, and female literacy is 69%, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age. Some of the ethnicities in the town are Dimasa, Karbi, Biates, Khasi, Nepali, Khelmas, and Garo.
Vivekananda Kendra Vidyalaya, Umrangso[6] (one of the schools in Vivekananda Kendra Vidyalaya system), Garampani High School, Smt. Jamuna Devi Saraswati Vidya Mandir, are the three kindergarten through higher secondary schools in the town. J. B. Hagjer College (affiliated to Assam University, Silchar) is the sole university level educational institution in town. Some private institutions provided in the area are Saraswati Shishu Vatika Umrongso, Sacred Heart High School, Royal Academy (12 km), Standard English School (Hebron), Himalayan Academy (Rongarting), Dimarazi Secondary School (Umrongso), Carmel Standard School (3 km). Besides these institutions some 'Government High Schools' are also established in the village areas of the town for a less cost studies.