Uma Lele Explained

Uma Lele
Birth Date:28 August 1941
Birth Place:Koregaon, Satara, India
Workplaces:World Bank. Institute of Economic Growth

Uma Lele (born 28 August 1941; Koregaon, Satara, India) is an agricultural economist, currently at the Institute of Economic Growth at the University of Delhi, India.[1] She has spent much of her career working with the World Bank and other international organizations.

Through her field research and work on operations, policy analysis, and evaluation, Lele has assessed the impact of development assistance; including in China, India and Africa. Her work improved interventions, such as the World Bank's Forest Strategy (2002) and the work of CGIAR.[1] She has been called “a leader in the world of economic development and a brilliant researcher" who "supports her theories with rigorous empirical analysis" based on rich data sets.

Lele was elected a Fellow of the Agricultural & Applied Economics Association (AAEA) in 1999.[2] In July 2018 Uma Lele became president-elect of the International Association of Agricultural Economists (IAAE). In 2021 she succeeded to the position of president of the IAAE (a three-year term), the first woman to hold that position.[3] [4]

Early life and education

Uma Lele was born on 28 August 1941 in Koregaon, Satara, India and grew up in the state of Maharashtra. Her father was a lawyer and a judge. She completed her B.A. at Ferguson College, Pune University in 1960.

After marrying Jayant Lele, a PhD student at Cornell University, Uma Lele joined the master's program in the economics department at the University of Chicago. After a year working in Chicago with Theodore Schultz, she was able to transfer to Cornell, receiving a joint scholarship from the College of Agriculture (CALS) and the College of Arts and Sciences. Uma Lele earned her MS in 1963, and her PhD in 1965 from Cornell University in agricultural economics. She was the first woman to graduate from Cornell University with a PhD in applied economics.[5]

Career

After graduating, Lele lived in Canada and carried out field research in India on grain markets. In 1971, she was hired by the World Bank and began studying areas in South Asia and Africa. She worked on her book The Design of Rural Development: Lessons From Africa (1975) as a visiting professor at Cornell (1973–1974), returning to the World Bank in 1974 and remaining there until 1990.

In 1991 Lele become a graduate research professor and director of international studies at the University of Florida, where she spent four years (1991–1995). In addition she worked as the Director of the Global Development Initiative at the Carter Center from 1992–1993.

In 1995 Lele returned to the World Bank, where she became a senior advisor in the organization's Operations Evaluation Department (later the Independent Evaluation Group). In 2005 Lele retired from the World Bank. She continues to do research, write and lecture as a visiting researcher with the Institute of Economic Growth at the University of Delhi.[1]

Lele has strongly supported the empowerment of women, helping to organize the First Global Conference for Women in Agriculture (GCWA) held in 2012. She has established a Mentor Fellowship Award for Women through the Agricultural & Applied Economics Association[6] and a Best Research Award on Gender in Development through the International Association of Agricultural Economists.[7]

Research

Lele has engaged in research, operations, policy analysis and evaluation with the World Bank and other international organizations including the FAO, CGIAR, IFAD, UNICEF, UNDP, Rockefeller Foundation and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. A recurring theme of Lele's work has been her willingness to test the assumptions underlying public interventions against actual conditions and outcomes in the field. She led complex evaluations leading to the rethinking of major global development programs such as the World Bank's Forest Strategy (2002) and CGIAR (2003).[1]

One of her first assignments at the World Bank was to study agricultural economics in Africa. At the time, leadership at the World Bank was strongly advocating for integrated rural development.[8] Lele led the first comparative study to look at the design of rural development within Africa,[9] [10] and concluded that the bank's development approach was not effective in the African context, due to lack of infrastructure. In comparison, in countries like India, existing institutions were more stable and provided practical experience and support for the use of development funds. She recommended that projects needed "to build human and institutional development capacities"[11] and to "build capacity before institutions could absorb large inflows of capital.” This work became the basis for her book The design of rural development : lessons from Africa (1975).[12] [13] In this and in later work such as her comparisons of water-related policies in China and India,[14] Lele emphasizes international diversity, the need to understand local conditions and suit interventions to circumstances[15] Lele has also pointed out close links between agricultural sector performance and macroeconomic performance[16] and examined the roles that donors play in the successes and failures of development.[17]

As a Division Chief in the development research department, reorganized by Anne Osborn Krueger in the 1980s, Lele carried out a comparative study on aid to African agriculture.[18] The MADIA (Managing Agricultural Development in Africa) discussion papers examine the effectiveness of liberalisation and privatisation attempts in agricultural marketing over 25 years by aid donors (the World Bank, USAID, UKODA, DANIDA, SIDA, France,Germany, and the EEC) in six African countries (Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, Cameroon, Nigeria, and Senegal).[19] [20] [21] Lele also independently published a book on aid and capital flows.

After Ismail Serageldin became leader of the World Bank in the 1990s, Lele became Deputy Division Chief of Agriculture,[22] and Senior Advisor in the World Bank’s Operations Evaluation Department (later called the Independent Evaluation Group). Lele led a meta-evaluation of CGIAR, the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research. CGIAR had been created by Robert S. McNamara in the 1960s as a global public goods program. It had two major branches dealing with rice (International Rice Research Institute, IRRI), and wheat crops (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, CIMMYT).[23] Lele examined the impact of CGIAR's programs in a comparative context with other global programs.[24] This analysis led to the identification of changes that had occurred over time and a rethinking of CGIAR’s role.[23]

The Operations Evaluation Department was also asked to review the implementation of the World Bank's 1991 forest strategy policy. Lele carried out both a portfolio review of the Bank's activities, and case studies of countries which had tropical moist forests but had not worked with the Bank. Reports from forest-rich Brazil, Cameroon, and Indonesia and forest-poor China, Costa Rica, and India brought forward a range of perspectives. Her controversial recommendations led to changes in the organization's strategies for forest policy, to better co-ordinate conservation and poverty alleviation initiatives.[25]

Awards and honors

Selected publications

Lele has authored or edited at least 18 books and reports and over 130 book chapters, papers, and articles.[27]

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Uma Lele . CoSAI . 13 November 2022 . en . 8 September 2020.
  2. Web site: Previous AAEA Fellows Agricultural & Applied Economics Association . Agricultural & Applied Economics Association (AAEA) . 13 November 2022.
  3. Web site: Matin Qaim . International Association of Agricultural Economists . 9 November 2022.
  4. News: PRESS RELEASE: NEWLY ELECTED IAAE BOARD OF DIRECTORS . 9 November 2022 . News & Press: IAAE Announcements . July 30, 2021.
  5. Web site: Uma Lele . Agricultural & Applied Economics Association . 13 November 2022.
  6. Web site: Lele Women . Agricultural & Applied Economics Association . 14 November 2022.
  7. Web site: Uma Lele Prize for Best Contributed Paper on Gender . International Association of Agricultural Economists . 14 November 2022.
  8. Web site: Robert Strange McNamara . World Bank . 16 November 2022 . en.
  9. Web site: RPO Number 670-18 – Rural Development in Africa – Volume 5 . THE WORLD BANK GROUP ARCHIVES . 16 November 2022.
  10. Book: Lancaster . Carol . Aid to Africa: So Much To Do, So Little Done . 15 April 1999 . University of Chicago Press . 978-0-226-46838-9 . 9–10 . 17 November 2022 . en.
  11. Book: Public sector reform : what works and why? : an IEG evaluation of World Bank support . 2008 . World Bank . Washington, D.C. . 978-0-8213-7589-1 . 12 .
  12. Roling . N. . Rural Development, Sector Policy Paper/The Design of Rural Development: Lessons from Africa . Sociologia Ruralis . 1976 . 16 . 4 . 339–341.
  13. Book: Lele . Uma J. . The design of rural development : lessons from Africa . 1975 . Published for the World Bank by Johns Hopkins University Press . Baltimore . 0-8018-1756-0 .
  14. News: Pohlmann . Lauren . 2020 MIT Water Summit brings international audiences together to discuss resilience . 16 November 2022 . MIT News . Massachusetts Institute of Technology . December 18, 2020 . en.
  15. Book: Rondinelli . Dennis A. . Ruddle . Kenneth . Urban Functions in Rural Development: An Analysis of Integrated Spatial Developmont Policy . 1976 . USAID . Washington, DC .
  16. Book: A.I.D. Research and Development Abstracts . 1990. 16. 3 . U.S. Agency for International Development (A.I.D.) . 17 . en.
  17. Book: Clubb . Deborah . Ligon . Polly C. . FOOD, HUNGER, AND AGRICULTURAL ISSUES Proceedings of a colloquium on future U.S. development assistance held at Winrock International Conference Center on February 17–19, 1988 . 1989 . Winrock International Institute for Agricultural Development . 0-933595-21-2 . vi . 17 November 2022.
  18. Book: Lele . Uma J. . Agarwal . Manmohan . Baldwin . Brian C. . Goswami . Sambuddha . Food for All International Organizations and the Transformation of Agriculture . 2021 . OUP Premium . [S.l.] . 978-0198755173 .
  19. Book: Lele . Uma J. . Managing Agricultural Development in Africa : three articles on lessons from experience . 1989 . World Bank . Washington, D.C. . 0-8213-1318-5 . 6 .
  20. Book: Meyer . Richard L. . Larson . Donald W. . Issues in providing agricultural services in developing countries . 1996 . Ohio State University . Columbus, Ohio . 34–35 .
  21. Book: Killick . Tony . Economic inflexibility in Africa: Evidence and causes . 1993 . Overseas Development Institute . 0-85003-205-9 . 34–35 . 17 November 2022.
  22. Web site: Zenni . Marie T. . THE WORLD BANK GROUP ARCHIVES ORAL HISTORY PROGRAM TRANSCRIPT OF INTERVIEW WITH UMA LELE Interview By: Marie T. Zenni October 25 & 26, 2005 Washington, D.C. . THE WORLD BANK GROUP ARCHIVES ORAL HISTORY PROGRAM . 14 November 2022.
  23. Book: Ozgediz . Selcuk . The CGIAR at 40: Institutional Evolution of the World's Premier Agricultural Research Network . 30 August 2012 . CGIAR . en.
  24. Book: Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) Annual General Meeting 2002 October 30 – November 1 Manila, Philippines SUMMARY RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS AND DECISIONS . December 10, 2002 . CGIAR Secretariat . Washington D.C. . 33–35 .
  25. News: Striking the Right Balance World Bank Forest Strategy . 17 November 2022 . Precis . 203 . 2000.
  26. Web site: Uma Lele . Innovation for Cool Earth Forum (ICEF) . 14 November 2022.
  27. News: Mulconry . Sandi . Uma Lele, "a leader in the world of economic development," receives Dyson's Wharton Award . 13 November 2022 . Cornell SC Johnson College of Business . 6 June 2018.
  28. Book: Dr MS Swaminathan Award for Leadership in Agriculture – A Compendium . Ninth Award : Dr Uma Lele . Trust for Advancement of Agricultural Sciences . 20–22. 2020 . 14 November 2022.
  29. News: Mondal . Monika . Dr. Lele felicitated with 9th Swaminathan Award . 14 November 2022 . Krishi Jagran . 31 October 2017 . en.
  30. Book: Pingali . Prabhu . Feder . Gershon . Agriculture and Rural Development in a Globalizing World: Challenges and Opportunities . 8 May 2017 . Routledge . 978-1-315-31404-4 . xviii . 14 November 2022 . en.
  31. Web site: Honorary Life Members . International Association of Agricultural Economists . 14 November 2022.
  32. ISAE Fellows . Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics . Indian Society of Agricultural Economics . 2020 . 75 . 4 .
  33. Web site: Outstanding Alumni Awardees . CALS . 14 November 2022 . en.
  34. Web site: Dr. (Ms) Uma Lele FOREIGN FELLOW, ELECTED 1998 . National Academy of Agricultural Sciences . 14 November 2022.
  35. Book: Kracht . Uwe . Schulz . Manfred . Food Security and Nutrition: The Global Challenge . 1999 . LIT Verlag Münster . 978-3-8258-3166-0 . en.
  36. Berg . Elliot . The design of rural development: Lessons from Africa: Uma Lele, A World Bank Research Publication (Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1975) pp. xiii+246, $3.95 (paper) . Journal of Development Economics . 1 December 1976 . 3 . 4 . 394–396 . 10.1016/0304-3878(76)90034-1 . 14 November 2022 . en . 0304-3878. 2027.42/21630 . free .

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