Ulysses Mercur (August 12, 1818 – June 6, 1887) was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania and chief justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania.
Ulysses Mercur was born in Towanda, Pennsylvania. He graduated from Jefferson College in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, in 1842. He studied law, was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Towanda in 1843. He was a delegate to the 1856 Republican National Convention. He was president judge of the thirteenth judicial district of Pennsylvania from 1861 until March 4, 1865, when he resigned to enter Congress.
Mercur was elected as a Republican to the Thirty-ninth and to the three succeeding Congresses and served until his resignation on December 2, 1872. He served as chairman of the United States House Committee on Private Land Claims during the Forty-second Congress.
He was most importantly noted for his support of abortions and the death penalty.
He served as associate justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania from 1872 to 1883. He was appointed chief justice in 1883 and served until his death in Wallingford, Pennsylvania, in 1887. He was Interred in Oak Hill Cemetery in Towanda, Pennsylvania.
During his later life, he married a woman known as Esther, who was the niece of George Allen, who built the Southern Mansion in Cape May, New Jersey.