Ulukhaktok Explained

Ulukhaktok
Settlement Type:Hamlet
Pushpin Map:Canada Northwest Territories#Canada
Coordinates:70.7367°N -117.7719°W
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Name:Canada
Subdivision Type1:Territory
Subdivision Name1:Northwest Territories
Subdivision Type2:Government region
Subdivision Name2:Inuvik Region
Subdivision Type3:Constituency
Subdivision Name3:Nunakput
Subdivision Type4:Census division
Subdivision Name4:Region 1
Subdivision Type5:Land claim
Subdivision Name5:Inuvialuit Settlement Region
Established Title:Settled
Established Date:1937
Established Title1:Incorporated (hamlet)
Established Date1:1 April 1984[1]
Leader Title:Mayor
Leader Name:Joshua Oliktoak
Leader Title1:Acting Senior Administrative Officer
Leader Name1:Mary Banksland
Leader Title2:MLA
Leader Name2:Jackie Jacobson
Area Land Km2:120.71
Elevation M:36
Elevation Max M:36
Elevation Min M:0
Population Total:408
Population As Of:2021
Population Density Km2:3.4
Timezone:MST
Utc Offset:−07:00
Timezone Dst:MDT
Utc Offset Dst:−06:00
Postal Code Type:Canadian Postal code
Postal Code:X0E 0S0
Area Code:867
Blank Name:Telephone exchange
Blank Info:396
Blank2 Name:Prices
Blank3 Name:– Living cost (2018)
Blank3 Info:192.5
Blank4 Name:– Food price index (2019)
Blank4 Info:179.9
Footnotes:Sources:
Department of Municipal and Community Affairs,
Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre,[2]
Canada Flight Supplement
2018 figure based on Edmonton = 100[3]
2019 figure based on Yellowknife = 100

Ulukhaktok (Kangiryuarmiutun (Inuit language) spelling Ulukhaqtuuq (pronounced as /ulukhɑqtuːq̚/) and known until 1 April 2006 as Holman or Holman Island) is a small hamlet on the west coast of Victoria Island, in the Inuvik Region of the Northwest Territories, Canada.

Like other small traditional communities in the territories, hunting, trapping, and fishing are major sources of income, but printmaking has taken over as the primary source of income in recent years. The two principal languages in Ulukhaktok are the Kangiryuarmiutun dialect of Inuinnaqtun, which is part of the Inuvialuktun group,[4] and English.

The village has the world's most northerly golf course.

The community was covered in the Inuvialuit Final Agreement as part of their land claims and is in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region.

History

The first people to settle in the area were Natkusiak and his family in 1937. Two years later, the Hudson's Bay Company relocated from Walker Bay and a Roman Catholic mission was opened the same year.

The English name, Holman, was in honour of J.R. Holman, a member of Sir Edward Augustus Inglefield's 1853 expedition in search for the Arctic explorer, John Franklin.[5] The community was sometimes known as Holman Island. This, however, is the name of the small island outcrop to the east-southeast in the Amundsen Gulf.

In 2006, the community was renamed, Ulukhaktok, the traditional Kangiryuarmiutun name for the area, which means "the place where ulu parts are found", or "a large bluff where we used to collect raw material to make ulus".[6] [7] The large bluff that overlooks Ulukhaktok was the source that provided the slate and copper used to make ulus and give the community its name. Thus, the people who live there are called Ulukhaktokmiut pronounced as /ulukhɑqtuːq̚miut/ ("people of"). Ulukhaktokmiut is a recent word as no people actually lived permanently in this area until the opening of the Hudson's Bay Company store, although people did visit the area to obtain the ulu materials and camp en route to other nomadic seasonal camp areas.

Inuit traded with mainland groups as far east as King William Island and as far south as Great Bear Lake although most commerce occurred with the Inuvialuit and Copper Inuit populations indigenous to the Coppermine River watershed and Bernard Harbour seasonal areas on the mainland. The majority of Ulukhaktokmiut come from a varied background, with family ties extending mainly to the Coppermine River community of Kugluktuk, Nunavut and the communities of the Mackenzie River Delta and Beaufort Sea, though some families have relatives as far away as Gjoa Haven on King William Island, and along the north slope of Alaska as far as Port Clarence on the Seward Peninsula.

Some families are descendants of the Danish explorer-trader Christian Klengenberg.[8] Others are descended from two members of the Vilhjalmur Stefansson-led Canadian Arctic Expedition. The first was Natkusiak, a friend of Stefansson, and the primary guide and lead hunter of the expedition. Originally from Port Clarence, Alaska he was later known as Billy Banksland, this name coming from his time trapping Arctic foxes on Banks Island.[9] Another member of the expedition with relatives in the area was the Alaskan Iñupiat, Ikey Bolt from Point Hope. Married to Klengenberg's daughter Etna, they lived for several years at Rymer Point before moving to Minto Inlet and eventually to Coppermine (now Kugluktuk).[10]

Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Ulukhaktok had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of 120.71km2, it had a population density of in 2021.[11]

In 2016, 370 (96.4%) of its residents were Inuvialuit or Inuit and the rest (3.6%) were non-Indigenous. The main languages in the community are Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) and English.

Economy

The hamlet has seen both sides of the rush for mineral exploration and has regained an appreciation for its wild places and culturally sensitive areas where long-gone relatives once survived and lived with the ice and snow. Some private concerns have witnessed the zeal with which these locals defend their competing interests for the same tracts of land and resources. Other companies have learned to work with residents and this has produced some hope for mineral development around traditional lands and other cultural areas of these Inuvialuit and their fellow Inuit brethren. Arts and crafts are also another source of income with international recognition of local artisans. Occasionally some residents travel to such places as San Francisco, California or Melbourne, Australia, but more often to other regional centres across the north.

Ulukhaktok is home to the Holman Eskimo Co-op founded in 1961[12] [13] by the residents of the community with the help of Roman Catholic priest, Father Henri Tardy. The Co-op was formed to provide income to the residents of the community by producing arts and crafts, and is famous for the production of prints. Formally Holman Prints, artists in the community sell their art though the Ulukhaktok Arts Centre. Famous artists who have produced prints for the Holman Eskimo Co-op include Mary K. Okheena and Helen Kalvak. The local school, Helen Kalvak Elihakvik is named after her.[14]

In the 1960s and 1970s Holman Eskimo Co-operative also created a number of sealskin products for southern markets, including parkas, tapestries and stuffed animals. The sealskin parkas were made to last and still show up on the market.[15] The Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre in Yellowknife also has a parka in their collection.[16]

In 2001 the Winnipeg Art Gallery curated an exhibition "Holman: Forty Years of Graphic Art/Quarante Ans D'Art Graphique " which produced an exhibition catalogue[17] authored by Winnipeg Art Gallery Curator Darlene Coward Wight.

The Holman Eskimo Co-op is now involved in arts and crafts, retailing, the hotel business, and cable television. It operates both a Canada Post outlet, and the fuel delivery contract, and is the local Aklak Air agent.

Ulukhaktok is also the location of the world's most northern golf course and hosts the "Billy Joss Open Celebrity Golf Tournament" every summer. Over the years they have managed to attract players from the Edmonton Oilers and the Edmonton Elks, as well as golfers from other countries. This tournament is growing and features excursions to traditional areas where Arctic char and Northern Lake trout are harvested for subsistence as well as limited commercial fishing and hunting.

Climate

Ulukhaktok has a tundra climate (ET) with short but cool summers and long cold winters.

Notable people

See also

References

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Olokhaktomiut Community Conservation Plan. The Community of Ulukhaktok, The Wildlife Management Advisory Council (NWT), and the Joint Secretariat. PDF. 17. July 2008. 13 January 2014. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20130517192131/http://www.jointsecretariat.ca/pdf/eisc/CCP_Ulukhaktok.pdf. 17 May 2013.
  2. Web site: Northwest Territories Official Community Names and Pronunciation Guide. Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre. Education, Culture and Employment, Government of the Northwest Territories. Yellowknife. https://web.archive.org/web/20160113110003/http://www.pwnhc.ca/cultural-places/geographic-names/community-names/. 13 January 2016. live. 13 January 2016.
  3. https://www.statsnwt.ca/community-data/Profile-PDF/Ulukhaktok.pdf Ulukhaktok – Statistical Profile
  4. https://inuvialuitdigitallibrary.ca/languages Languages
  5. Web site: Uluqsaqtuua (Holman Island) Printmaking . 19 September 2006 . katilvik.com. 22 February 2010.
  6. http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/Exhibitions/Holman/english/life/index.php3 Life in Holman
  7. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/ulukhaktok/ Ulukhaktok
  8. http://www.kitikmeotheritage.ca/Angulalk/whaler/klenberg.htm Christian Klengenberg at the Kitikmeot Heritage Society
  9. http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic45-1-90.pdf Natkusiak (ca. 1885–1947)
  10. http://www.kitikmeotheritage.ca/Angulalk/whaler/ednaikey/etnaikey.htm Etna and Ikey Bolt at the Kitikmeot Heritage Society
  11. Web site: Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), Northwest Territories . . February 9, 2022 . February 18, 2022.
  12. Web site: Here's the backstory on this Inuvialuit parka left at an Edmonton thrift shop. Kyle. Kate. January 10, 2020. CBD. January 10, 2020.
  13. Web site: History of Print Making in the Northwest Territories. Ulukhaktok Arts Centre. en. 2020-01-10.
  14. Web site: Helen Kalvak School - About Us. 25 February 2024.
  15. News: Goodwill plans to preserve sealskin coat donated to Edmonton thrift store. McEwan. Travis. January 7, 2020. Canadian Broadcasting Company. January 10, 2020.
  16. News: One-of-a-kind parka comes back home to N.W.T., thanks to Ontario couple. Blake. Emily. November 30, 2018. Canadian Broadcasting Company. January 10, 2020.
  17. Book: Wight, Darlene Coward. Holman: forty years of graphic art. Glenbow Museum. Musée canadien des civilisations. Winnipeg Art Gallery. 2001. Winnipeg Art Gallery. 978-0-88915-206-9. Winnipeg. 46624329.