Ulmus lanceifolia explained

Ulmus lanceifolia Roxburgh, ex Wall. http://www.plant.ac.cn/dan_tu/8/6856.htm, occasionally known as the Vietnam elm, is a very large tree endemic to a wide area of southern Asia. Its range extends southeast and eastwards from Darjeeling in the Himalaya, through Bangladesh, southern China, Myanmar (formerly Burma), Thailand, Laos, Vietnam and on discontinuously into Indonesia, straddling the Equator in Sumatra and Celebes.

Description

Ulmus lanceifolia can reach a maximum height of 45 m, placing it on a par with the English Elm, but with pendulous branches; the bark of the trunk exfoliates in thin scales. The leaves, borne on wing-less branchlets, are narrow, generally lanceolate, < 10 × 3.5 cm, and thick.^[1] Schneider's leaf-drawing (1907) shows some 16 vein-pairs.^[2] The tree is deciduous in the north of its range, where it can occur at altitudes of up to 2500 m, but evergreen in the tropics. Given the latitudinal range, there is inevitably a substantial variation in its flowering time, beginning in October in the north, but advancing to February - March in the south. The obovate samarae are 12 - 30 mm long by 11 - 24 mm broad.^{[3] [4]} Ploidy: 2n = 28.^[5]

Pests and diseases

U. lanceifolia was found to be among the least suitable elms for feeding and reproduction by the adult elm leaf beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola ^[6] and feeding by the Japanese Beetle Popillia japonica ^[7] in the United States.

Cultivation

Not cold-hardy, the species is very rare in cultivation; specimens introduced to the Netherlands from the Himalaya by Heybroek in the 1960s all perished.^[8]

Accessions

Europe

• Grange Farm Arboretum, Lincolnshire, UK. Saplings grown from seed sent in 2013 by Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, southern Yunnan, China. Acc. no. not known.

External links

• efloras.org: U. lanceifolia leaves and fruit illustration
• efloras.org: U. lanceifolia description
• Chinese gallery of tree, leaves and fruit photographs labelled U. lanceifolia, iplant.cn

Notes and References

1. Web site: Herbarium catalogue. Ulmus lanceifolia (1867) K000852690 . Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 17 October 2016.

   Web site: Herbarium catalogue. Ulmus lanceifolia K000852691 . Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 17 October 2016. ; Web site: Herbarium catalogue. Ulmus lanceifolia K000852692 . Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 17 October 2016.

2. https://archive.org/details/mobot31753002689096/page/903/mode/2up U. lanceifolia leaf-drawing in Schneider, Camillo Karl, Illustriertes Handbuch der Laubholzkunde (Jena, 1907), p.903-904
3. Fu, L., Xin, Y. & Whittemore, A. (2002). Ulmaceae, in Wu, Z. & Raven, P. (eds) Flora of China, Vol. 5 (Ulmaceae through Basellaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, USA. http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/PDF/PDF05/Ulmus.pdf
4. Melville, R. & Heybroek, H. M. (1971). The Elms of the Himalaya. Kew Bulletin Vol. 26 (1). Royal Botanic Garden, Kew, London.
5. Web site: Ulmus lanceifolia in Flora of China @ efloras.org . 2022-06-28 . www.efloras.org.
6. Miller . Fredric . Ware . George . Resistance of Temperate Chinese Elms (Ulmus spp.) to Feeding by the Adult Elm Leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) . Journal of Economic Entomology . Oxford University Press (OUP) . 94 . 1 . 2001-02-01 . 0022-0493 . 10.1603/0022-0493-94.1.162 . 162–166 . 11233108. 42980569 . free .
7. Miller . Fredric . Ware . George . Jackson . Jennifer . Preference of Temperate Chinese Elms (Ulmus spp.) for the Adult Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) . Journal of Economic Entomology . Oxford University Press (OUP) . 94 . 2 . 2001-04-01 . 0022-0493 . 10.1603/0022-0493-94.2.445 . 445–448 . 11332837. 7520439 . free .
8. Heybroek, H. M., Goudzwaard, L, Kaljee, H. (2009). Iep of olm, karakterboom van de Lage Landen (:Elm, a tree with character of the Low Countries). KNNV, Uitgeverij.