Ulmus americana 'Columnaris' explained

Ulmus americana 'Columnaris'
Species:	Ulmus americana
Cultivar:	'Columnaris'
Origin:	Conesus Lake, New York, US

The American Elm cultivar Ulmus americana 'Columnaris' was propagated by R. E. Horsey of the Rochester N.Y. Parks Department from a tree found by Mr John Dunbar at Conesus Lake, New York, in 1911, and originally described as a forma, Ulmus americana L. f. columnaris, f. nov. Rehder (1922).^{[1] [2] [3]} It was the earliest of a number of compact, columnar American elm cultivars, to be followed by 'Ascendens' and 'Augustine Ascendening'.

Description

As implied by its name, the tree has a fastigiate, columnar form,^[4] of almost equal width from the base to a top which is rather flat in appearance.^[2] "The leaves differ from those of the common form," wrote Rehder (1922), "in being rather broad, measuring up to 7.5 cm. in width, very sharply and deeply doubly serrate, scabrous above, pilose on the veins and veinlets beneath and very unequal at the base; the petioles are very short, not exceeding 3 mm. in length; the young branchlets are pubescent."^{[2] [5]}

Pests and diseases

No specific information available, but the species as a whole is highly susceptible to Dutch Elm Disease and Elm Yellows; it is also moderately preferred for feeding and reproduction by the adult Elm Leaf Beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola,^[6] and highly preferred for feeding by the Japanese Beetle Popillia japonica ^{[7] [8]} in the United States. U. americana is also the most susceptible of all the elms to verticillium wilt.^[9]

Cultivation

'A specimen of 'Columnaris' was present in Arnold Arboretum.^[5] The tree is not known to have been cultivated beyond the United States, and is no longer in commerce.

Accessions

North America

• Morton Arboretum, Illinois, US. Specimen in the Columnar Tree Section reputed to be "in good health" in the autumn of 2006. Acc. no. 1041–41, (graft).

External links

• http://www.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&ftrGenus=Ulmus&ftrRedList=&ftrSpecies=&ftrRedList1997=&ftrEpithet=&ftrCWR=&x=41&y=19NB. Botanic Gardens Conservation International register
• http://redwood.mortonarb.org/PageBuilder?cid=2&qid=13 Morton Arboretum catalogue

Notes and References

1. http://arnoldia.arboretum.harvard.edu/pdf/articles/1951-11--elms-grown-in-america.pdf Photograph of the original tree, Conesus Lake, N.Y., 'Elms grown in America', Arnoldia, Vol.11 No.12, Dec.1951 p.91
2. https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003541742/page/n45/mode/2up 'Ulmus americana L. f. columnaris, f. nov.', Journal of the Arnold Arboretum, Vol.3, p.42; Cambridge, Mass. 1922
3. Green . Peter Shaw . Peter Shaw Green . 1964 . Registration of cultivar names in Ulmus. Arnoldia . 24. 41–80 . 6–8 . . 16 February 2017.
4. https://www.horticopia.info/Plants/062/ulmame005.html Photograph of 'Columnaris', horticopia.com
5. https://bioportal.naturalis.nl/specimen/L.1590846 Leaves of 'Columnaris', bioportal.naturalis.nl, specimen L.1590846
6. Miller . Fredric . Ware . George . Resistance of Temperate Chinese Elms (Ulmus spp.) to Feeding by the Adult Elm Leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) . Journal of Economic Entomology . Oxford University Press (OUP) . 94 . 1 . 2001-02-01 . 0022-0493 . 10.1603/0022-0493-94.1.162 . 162–166 . 11233108. free .
7. Miller . Fredric . Ware . George . Jackson . Jennifer . Preference of Temperate Chinese Elms (Ulmus spp.) for the Adult Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) . Journal of Economic Entomology . Oxford University Press (OUP) . 94 . 2 . 2001-04-01 . 0022-0493 . 10.1603/0022-0493-94.2.445 . 445–448 . 11332837. free .
8. Web site: Elm Leaf Beetle Survey. 17 July 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20110719132152/http://www.sunshinenursery.com/survey.htm. 2011-07-19.
9. Pegg, G. F. & Brady, B. L. (2002). Verticillium Wilts. CABI Publishing.