Ulmus americana 'Independence' explained

Ulmus americana 'Independence'
Species:	Ulmus americana
Cultivar:	'Independence'
Origin:	University of Wisconsin–Madison, US

The American Elm cultivar Ulmus americana 'Independence' was raised by Eugene B. Smalley and Donald T. Lester at the University of Wisconsin–Madison from a crossing of the American Elm cultivar Moline and American Elm clone W-185-21, to become one of the six clones forming the American Liberty series, and the only one to be patented (U. S. Plant Patent 6227, 1988).^[1]

Description

Almost identical to the species.

Pests and diseases

No specific information available, but the species as a whole is highly susceptible to Dutch Elm Disease and Elm Yellows; it is also moderately preferred for feeding and reproduction by the adult Elm Leaf Beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola,^[2] and highly preferred for feeding by the Japanese Beetle Popillia japonica ^{[3] [4]} in the United States.U. americana is also the most susceptible of all the elms to verticillium wilt.^{[5] [6]}

Cultivation

The tree is not known to be in cultivation beyond North America.

Accessions

North America

• U S National Arboretum http://www.usna.usda.gov/index.htm, Washington, D.C., United States. Acc. no. 62001

External links

• http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Publications/SUL4.pdf Summary, inc. photographs, of elms resistant to Dutch elm disease.

Notes and References

1. Santamour . Frank S. . Bentz . Susan E. . May 1995 . Updated Checklist of Elm (Ulmus) Cultivars for use in North America. Journal of Arboriculture . 21 . 3. 122–131 . 20 June 2016.
2. Miller . Fredric . Ware . George . Resistance of Temperate Chinese Elms (Ulmus spp.) to Feeding by the Adult Elm Leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) . Journal of Economic Entomology . Oxford University Press (OUP) . 94 . 1 . 2001-02-01 . 0022-0493 . 10.1603/0022-0493-94.1.162 . 162–166 . 11233108. free .
3. Miller . Fredric . Ware . George . Jackson . Jennifer . Preference of Temperate Chinese Elms (Ulmus spp.) for the Adult Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) . Journal of Economic Entomology . Oxford University Press (OUP) . 94 . 2 . 2001-04-01 . 0022-0493 . 10.1603/0022-0493-94.2.445 . 445–448 . 11332837. free .
4. Web site: Elm Leaf Beetle Survey. 17 July 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20110719132152/http://www.sunshinenursery.com/survey.htm. 2011-07-19.
5. Pegg, G. F. & Brady, B. L. (2002). Verticillium Wilts. CABI Publishing.
6. Web site: Elm Leaf Beetle Survey. 17 July 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20110719132152/http://www.sunshinenursery.com/survey.htm. 2011-07-19.