Ulaanzuukh culture explained

Ulaanzuukh culture
Map:Ulaanzuukh-Tevsh sites.jpg
Region:Mongolia
Period:Bronze Age, Iron Age
Dates:1450–1000 BC
Followedby:Slab Grave culture

The Ulaanzuukh culture, also Ulaanzuukh-Tevsh culture (Ch:乌兰朱和文化,),[1] is an archaeological culture of the Late Bronze Age eastern Mongolia. It likely preceded and was the origin of the Slab-grave culture.

Genetic profile

The genetic profile of individuals belonging to this culture is virtually identical to the profile the Slab Grave culture individuals,[2] which is consistent with the hypothesis that the Slab Grave culture emerged from the Ulaanzuukh.[2] Genetically, the populations of the Ulaanzuukh culture were rather homogeneous, and part of the Ancient Northeast Asians (ANA). In a recent study, they have been shown to have a purely Northeast Asian profile (nearly 100% ANA), with one outlier having a western Altai_MLBA profile. The Ulaanzuukh culture was genetically distinct from the Deer stone culture, located in western and northern Mongolia.

The Ulaanzuukh and Slab Grave culture individuals cluster closely together and are collectively referred to as the "Ulaanzuukh_SlabGrave genetic cluster". The later Xiongnu are inferred to have formed via the merger of Eastern Saka (Chandman culture) and the local Ancient Northeast Asian, Ulaanzuukh-Slab Grave culture, which corresponds with the presence of both Iranian and Turkic languages among them.[3] The ruling clan of the Turkic peoples, the Ashina tribe, was found to display close genetic affinities with the Slab Grave and Ulaanzuukh culture remains.[4]

Influences

The Ulaanzuukh culture may have contributed to transfer to Shang dynasty China of the chariot and weapon technologies and designs which originated with the Deer stones culture of the Mongolian plateau. Daggers found in Ulaanzuukh graves have broadly similar designs to those of the Deer stones culture, with curved blades and pommels decorated with the heads of animals or with "jingles", which are key design elements adopted by the Shang dynasty for their weaponery.

Sources

Notes and References

  1. Book: Honeychurch . William . Inner Asia and the Spatial Politics of Empire: Archaeology, Mobility, and Culture Contact . 2015 . 10.1007/978-1-4939-1815-7. 112 . 978-1-4939-1814-0 .
  2. Jeong . Choongwon . Wang . Ke . Wilkin . Shevan . Treal Taylor . William Timothy . A Dynamic 6,000-Year Genetic History of Eurasia's Eastern Steppe . 2020 . Cell. 183 . 4 . 890–904.e29 . 10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.015 . 33157037 . 7664836 .
  3. Savelyev . Alexander . Jeong . Choongwon . 2020 . Early nomads of the Eastern Steppe and their tentative connections in the West . Evolutionary Human Sciences . en . 2 . 10.1017/ehs.2020.18 . 2513-843X . 7612788 . 35663512 . alternatively, the descendance of the Xiongnu from the Slab Grave culture population, who preceded them in eastern Mongolia, is debated (Lee and Linhu, 2011). Such a distribution of Xiongnu words may be an indication that both Turkic and Eastern Iranian-speaking groups were present among the Xiongnu in the earlier period of their history. Arguably, these Iranian-speaking groups were assimilated over time by the predominant Turkic-speaking part of the Xiongnu population..
  4. Yang . Xiao-Min . Meng . Hai-Liang . Zhang . Jian-Lin . Yu . Yao . Allen . Edward . Xia . Zi-Yang . Zhu . Kong-Yang . Du . Pan-Xin . Ren . Xiao-Ying . Xiong . Jian-Xue . Lu . Xiao-Yu . Ding . Yi . Han . Sheng . Liu . Wei-Peng . Jin . Li . November 2023 . Ancient genome of Empress Ashina reveals the Northeast Asian origin of Göktürk Khanate . Journal of Systematics and Evolution . en . 61 . 6 . 1056–1064 . 10.1111/jse.12938 . 255690237 . 1674-4918 . In addition, Ashina showed close genetic affinity with population related to Bronze Age Slab Grave and Ulaanzukh culture in Mongolia..

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