| Ulaangom | |
| Native Name: | |
| Native Name Lang: | mn |
| Settlement Type: | District |
| Official Name: | Kalmyk; Oirat: Уланһом сум |
| Translit Lang1: | Official Cyrillic |
| Translit Lang1 Type: | Mongolian Cyrillic |
| Translit Lang1 Info: | Mongolian: Улаангом сум |
| Translit Lang2: | Classical Mongolian |
| Translit Lang2 Type: | Mongolian script |
| Pushpin Map: | Mongolia |
| Pushpin Label Position: | bottom |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location in Mongolia |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: |  Mongolia |
| Subdivision Type1: | Province |
| Subdivision Name1: | Uvs Province |
| Established Title: | Founded |
| Established Date: | 1686 |
| Area Urban Km2: | 46 |
| Area Urban Sq Mi: | 17.761 |
| Population As Of: | 2024 |
| Population Total: | 39045 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Coordinates: | 49.9864°N 92.0719°W |
| Elevation M: | 939 |
Ulaangom (; Mongolian: Улаангом, in Mongolian pronounced as /ʊˈɮaɴɢɜm/; Kalmyk; Oirat: Уланһом, in Mongolian pronounced as /ʊˈlaŋɣɔm/) is the capital of Uvs Province in Mongolia. It is located on the slopes of the Kharkhiraa mountain, 26km (16miles) southwest from Uvs Lake shore and 120-1NaN-1 south from the Russian border.
The city has a population of 37754 (2022 census), 26,319 (2000 census), 23,000 (2006 est.),[1] 22,300 (end of 2008 est.)[2] or 37.8% of the total population of Uvs aimag. It is divided into two suburban areas named Chandmani (Mongolian: Чандмань) and Uliasny Khev (Mongolian: Улиасны Хэв).
A Consulate of Tuva Republic of Russia is located in Ulaangom, and a Representative Office of Uvs Province in Kyzyl, the capital of Tuva.
Ulaangom is believed to have been founded in 1686. The foundation of the Ulaangom Monastery was erected in 1871 as Dechinravjaa Monastery. Historical evidence indicates that there were grain plantations in operation in late 17th century in the area of Ulaangom.[3]
Ulaangom experiences a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk) with long, dry, frigid winters and short, warm summers. Precipitation is very low, with an annual average of 1302NaN2. Owing to its location in a deep valley near the center of the Siberian High, Ulaangom is subject to temperature inversions reaching up to 13C-change colder than middle and upper mountain slopes. It is thus one of the coldest places in Mongolia[4] despite lying at a lower altitude than most of the country. Temperatures can reach NaN°C or lower in the winter and 35°C or more in the summer.
The city has monuments from the communist era, such as a monument of Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, who was born in Uvs aimag and led the country for more than 40 years, in front of the Provincial Government Building. There are many educational and cultural organizations and institutions in the city. There is a branch of a university, a vocational college and 5 secondary schools.
Ulaangom is connected to the Russian border by highway, and imports its electricity from the Russian Federation. The old airport is no longer in service. New Ulaangom Airport is called Deglii Tsagaan and it is situated north of the city. The new runway and terminal were completed in June 2011 and the first jetliner of Eznis Airways landed on June 26, 2011 from Ulaanbaatar. As of May 2017, Hunnu Air was the only airline that had regular scheduled flight from Ulaanbaatar.