Ukue language explained

Ukue
States:Nigeria
Region:Ondo State
Date:2000
Ref:e18
Familycolor:Niger-Congo
Fam2:Atlantic–Congo
Fam3:Volta–Niger
Fam5:Edoid
Fam6:Northwestern
Fam7:Osse River
Iso3:uku
Glotto:ukue1238
Glottorefname:Ukue

Ukue (Epinmi) is an Edoid language of Ondo State, Nigeria. It is sometimes considered the same language as Ehuẹun.

Phonology

Ukue has a rather reduced system, compared to proto-Edoid, of seven vowels; these form two harmonic sets, pronounced as //i e a o u// and pronounced as //i ɛ a ɔ u//.[1]

The language arguably has no phonemic nasal stops; pronounced as /[m, n]/ alternate with pronounced as /[β, l]/, depending on whether the following vowel is oral or nasal. Unusually, it has fricatives but no sibilants. The inventory is:[2]

 LabialDentalAlveolarPalatalVelarLabio-velarGlottal
Plosivealign=center pronounced as /  b/align=center pronounced as /t̪  d̪/align=center pronounced as /t  d/align=center pronounced as /k  ɡ/align=center pronounced as /k͡p  ɡ͡b/ 
Fricativealign=center pronounced as /f  v/ align=center pronounced as /h/
Rhotic align=center pronounced as /r̝/    
 align=center pronounced as /r/    
Approximantpronounced as /β [m]/pronounced as /l [n]/pronounced as /j/ pronounced as /w/ 
(*See Edo for a likely interpretation of the two rhotics.)

Notes and References

  1. Archangeli & Pulleyblank, 1994. Grounded phonology, p 181ff
  2. Jeff Mielke, 2008. The emergence of distinctive features, p 136ff;
    also found in Variation and gradience in phonetics and phonology, p 26ff