| Conventional Long Name: | Ukrainian Soviet Republic |
| Common Name: | Ukraine |
| P1: | Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets |
| Flag P1: | Flag_of_Ukrainian_People's_Republic_of_the_Soviets.svg |
| P2: | Odesa Soviet Republic |
| Flag P2: | Arms_of_Odessa,_1918.svg |
| P3: | Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic |
| Flag P3: | Socialist red flag.svg |
| S1: | Ukrainian People's Republic |
| Flag S1: | Flag of Ukraine.svg |
| Flag Type: | Flag |
| Capital: | Kharkiv |
| Government Type: | Soviet republic |
| Title Leader: | Chairman of the Sovnarkom |
| Leader1: | Mykola Skrypnyk |
| Year Leader1: | 1918 |
| Era: | World War I |
| Date Start: | 19 March |
| Year Start: | 1918 |
| Event End: | Soviet forces withdrawn |
| Year End: | 1918 |
| Life Span: | 1918 |
| Date End: | 18 April |
| Event Post: | Liquidation |
| Date Post: | 18 April 1918 |
The Ukrainian Soviet Republic (ru|Украинская Советская Республика|translit= Ukrainskaya Sovetskaya Respublika; uk|Українська Радянська Республіка|translit=Ukrainska Radianska Respublika) was a Soviet republic created by the Ukrainian Bolsheviks after the Second All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets declared independence of Soviet Ukraine in March 1918 and merged the Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets, the Odessa Soviet Republic, and the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic into one state.
The history of Ukrainian Republic as Ukrainian Soviet Republic and its government begins from 24–25 December 1917 when in Kharkiv the First All-Ukrainian Congress of Councils (radas, soviets) was conducted, which declared Ukraine as Ukrainian Republic, Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets – Ukrainian Soviet Republic. Congress made a decision to get a close alliance with Russian Republic (also Soviet) and elected Central Executive Committee (uk|ЦВК).
It was reformed on March 19, 1918, at the Second All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets in Yekaterinoslav, following the signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk by the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR) on March 3. Soviet government and people, who supported it were closely allied with Russian Soviet Republic. After the victory of the Soviet government in Ukraine Ukrainian People's Republic was officially rebranded in Ukrainian Soviet Republic and then Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic which became one of the co-founders of Soviet Union.
Military forces of Soviet government of Ukrainian Republic of that time are known as Red Cossacks Army, later integral part of Red Army of the Soviet Union.
The Republic united the Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets, the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic and the Odessa Soviet Republic as part of the Russian SFSR. It was soon overrun, however, by forces of the Central Powers and the Ukrainian People's Republic.
On April 18, 1918, in Taganrog,[1] the next session of the Central Executive Committee of Soviets announced that the government of Soviet Ukraine, the Central Executive Committee of Ukraine and the People's Secretariat were now combined as the "Ukrainian Bureau" to guide the insurgent struggle against the German occupation.