Ukrainian Marine Corps Explained

Unit Name:Ukrainian Marine Corps
Native Name:Ukrainian: Корпус морської піхоти України
Start Date:[1] [2]
Type:Marines
Role:Amphibious warfare, coastal defense
Size:6,000 [3]
Garrison:Mykolaiv, Mykolaiv, Ukraine
Commander1:MG Dmytro Delyatytskyi
Commander1 Label:Commanding General Marine Corps
Motto:"Always faithful!"
Colors:Light green
Battles:Ukrainian War of Independence
Ukrainian–Soviet War
Russo-Ukrainian War
Anniversaries:May 23[4]
Identification Symbol 2 Label:Service flag
Identification Symbol 3 Label:Garrison colour
Identification Symbol Label:Tactical recognition flash

The Ukrainian Marine Corps (Ukrainian: Корпус морської піхоти України,), also known simply as the Ukrainian Marines (Ukrainian: Морська піхота України|lit=Marine Infantry of Ukraine|translit=Morska pikhota Ukrainy),[5] is the maritime land force service branch of the Armed Forces of Ukraine since 2023, responsible for conducting expeditionary and amphibious operations. From its modern foundation in 1993 up to 2023 it constituted part of the Coastal Forces of the Ukrainian Navy. It is used as a component part of amphibious, airborne and amphibious-airborne operations, alone or in coordination with formations and units of the Ground Forces in order to capture parts of the seashore, islands, ports, fleet bases, coast airfields and other coast objects from the enemy. It can also be used to defend naval bases, vital shoreline areas, separate islands and coast objects, and security of hostile areas.[6]

Mission

The Marine Corps's principal missions are to:

Its motto is Вірний завжди! ("Always Faithful!") .

History

The Marine Corps is descended from the formations of the Black Sea Fleet Naval Infantry of the former Imperial Russian Navy.

Hetmanate

Former Russian Imperial army general Pavlo Skoropadskyi understood the importance of naval infantry in providing security to the country. Being the commander-in-chief of land and naval forces, Skoropadskyi brought attention to creating the naval infantry during his first month in power. On May 23, 1918, he ordered the Department of Navy to Begin forming a Brigade of naval infantry consisting of three regiments.[4] [8] [9]

The mission of the Naval Infantry was protecting coastal areas, serving as a garrison force for forts and conducting landing operations. According to the order the Brigade was divided into three regiments. First regiment was responsible for the areas between the western border until the village of Suchavka, near Odesa. Second regiment was responsible for territory between Suchavka and Stanislavov. Third regiment protected the areas from Stanislavov until Perekop. Brigade was also put in charge of guarding the property of the Navy Department.[8]

Each of the three regiments consisted of three kurins. Each kurin consisted of three Sotnia and a machine gun unit. Commandant of the first regiment was .[8]

On August 31, 1918, each unit was given the permanent headquarters. First regiment's HQ was located in Odesa, second's HQ in Mykolaiv and third's HQ in Kherson. Also at this time 3 squadrons of cavalry were formed. First was stationed in Odesa, second in Ochakiv and third in Perekop.[8]

In October 1918 new recruits born in 1899, would have joined the ranks of the naval infantry, however due to the political situation of that autumn the recruits had to wait until a better time.[8]

Not long after, Pavlo Skoropadskyi was removed from power in an uprising led by Symon Petliura. The Naval Infantry continued to faithfully serve their nation under the banner of the Ukrainian People's Republic. Many of them have died for freedom and independence.[8]

Modern history

thumb|right|A Ukrainian naval infantryman armed with a Dragunov sniper rifle takes part in Exercise Northern Light '03 on the west coast of Scotland in 2003.

On February 22, 1993, the 880th Separate Naval Infantry Battalion of the Black Sea Fleet commanded by Major Vitaliy Rozhmanov pledged their allegiance to Ukraine.[7] [10]

After the Navy was created on July 1, 1993, as a separate service branch of the Armed Forces, the first battalion of the Naval Infantry was formed in the city of Sevastopol.[7] [11] The first naval infantrymen were transferred from the airmobile units. On September 1, 1993, the 41st Separate Naval Infantry Battalion was formed. By September 20, 1994, the 4th Naval Infantry Brigade was stationed in the Tylove village of Crimea.[11]

From May 1996 until 1998, the Brigade was a part of the Ukrainian National Guard.[11] In 1998, it was transferred to the Navy and re-designated the 1st Separate Naval Infantry Brigade.[11] In 1999, the Brigade consisted of two battalions numbering 1,500 marines.[12] During 2003–04, the Ukrainian armed forces underwent a program to reduce the number of brigades, and the Naval Infantry Brigade was reduced to a Battalion.[11] The command of the Naval Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine made a decision to form a new Naval Infantry battalion by force of a mechanised battalion located in Kerch. In December 2013 the militaries of the new 501st Separate Naval Infantry Battalion have taken the Naval Infantry Oath.[13]

The 1st Separate Naval Infantry Battalion was under the jurisdiction of the 36th Separate Coastal Defense Brigade,[7] and it was stationed in Feodosiya and there was also another one battalion (501st Bn.) which was stationed in Kerch; both were in the Crimea until late March 2014.[14]

Special reconnaissance units of the Marine Corps were deployed against insurgents during the 2014 war in Donbas. Oleksandr Zinchenko of the 73rd Spetsnaz Detachment was the first Ukrainian Marine killed during the war in Donbas.[15] The Ukrainian Marine Corps was particularly hard hit by the Russian annexation of Crimea as all of their forces except for the 73rd Spetsnaz Detachment were stationed on the peninsula, due to this the unit had to undergo extensive reorganization before being able to be deployed to the war in the Donbas.[16] [17] [18] [19] After the annexation of Crimea there were only 200 marines left in the Ukrainian Naval Infantry, members of the 1st Marine Battalion who had been led by Lieutenant Colonel Dmytro Delyatytskyi out of Crimea to Mykolaiv.

In September 2014 the Ministry of Defense announced that the Marine Corps were reforming from the Russian annexation of Crimea and the remaining members of the 1st Marine Battalion which was stationed in Feodosya would take an active part in the war in Donbas.[20] On 29 October 2014 Ukraine's Marine Corps conventional forces, recently recovered from the annexation of Crimea suffered their first casualty near Mariupol, the Marine was a Major and was killed when his unit's position came under Russian artillery fire.[21]

On 8 November 2014 Ukrainian marines returned to their permanent place of deployment in Mykolaiv as part of a regular rotation of Ukrainian forces during the war in Donbas.[22] Also that year, 16 November was made the official holiday of the Ukrainian naval infantry, because that was when the first oath of office was taken by Ukrainian marines in 1992. The holiday remained on that date until 2018.[23]

In 2016 the Odesa Military Academy began training the first class of Naval Infantry officers. Prior to this, there was no specific training institution for marine officers, who came from other branches of service, such as the Ukrainian Ground Forces or the Airmobile Forces. Because of the shortage of officers in the Naval Infantry some of the cadets at the academy that were training to become Airmobile Forces officers were offered courses to become marine officers instead. In 2018 the first twelve of these cadets graduated as Marine Corps lieutenants.[24]

In January 2018 it was reported that the Ukrainian government planned to create a Marine Corps to place all Naval Infantry and Coastal Artillery units of the Ukrainian Navy under one command. At this time it was not a separate branch but part of the Naval Forces. As of January 2018 the Coastal and Territorial Defense Forces of the Navy included the 36th Marine Brigade in Mykolaiv, 137th Separate Marine Battalion in Dachne, Odesa Oblast, the 406th Marine Artillery Brigade in Mykolaiv, and the 32nd Separate Artillery Regiment in Altestove, Odesa Oblast. The Naval Infantry were commanded by Colonel Serhii Tartakovskyi. The creation of the Marine Corps Command was a step towards bringing the Ukrainian Navy into line with NATO structures.[25] On 22 February 2018, Decree №39/2018 of the President of Ukraine established the Marine Corps Command.[26]

On 23 May 2018, the NI celebrated the first Marine Corps Birthday celebrations, the holiday being officially sanctioned by President Petro Poroshenko as part of a nationalization of the former Soviet holidays, replacing those with the ones celebrating Ukrainian military history. The holiday marked the formation of the first marine units in May 1918, during the Ukrainian War of Independence. New colours were awarded incorporating the speciality badge awarded to the unit in 2007. The NI was transformed into the Fleet Marine Division with 2 brigades and an independent brigade of marine artillery. The former black berets were changed to light green following the practice of the British Royal Marines and the Italian Army Lagunari.[27] [28] [29]

Expansion

The new colours include the blue cross from the naval ensign as an acknowledgement of its role as a constituent service of the Navy. Plans are underway for the formation of a 3rd Marine brigade, bringing the total number of brigades to four plus one MRL regiment, with an option for a fourth brigade.

Reform

The ideal goal in the reform of the Marine Corps is to form a unit which would be similar to the units sent to Iraq. It is planned that there will be no more conscripts in the Corps, only professional naval infantrymen under contract service.[30]

2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine

With the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Naval Infantry fought against Russian forces invading the country. They are active at the southern regions of Ukraine, having participated at the Southern Ukraine and Eastern Ukraine campaigns.

As of early 2022 the Ukrainian Marines had 7,000 troops organized in two brigades, six separate battalions battalions, and a separate reconnaissance battalion.

Siege of Mariupol

See main article: Siege of Mariupol. On 12 April 2022, videos have emerged of fighters apparently from the 501st Battalion of the 36th Separate Marine Brigade vowing not to surrender their positions, saying "We are holding on to every bit of the city wherever possible," and "But the reality is the city is encircled and blocked and there was no re-supply of ammunition or food,".[31] The next day, Russian Defence Ministry as well as the Chechen leader Ramzan Kadyrov announced 1,026 Ukrainian Marines, including 162 officers, of the 36th Separate Marine Brigade laid down their weapons and surrendered in Mariupol.[32] [33] Ukrainian Defence Ministry spokesperson Oleksandr Motuzyanyk said he had no information about the claim, and there was no immediate comment from the Ukrainian President's office nor the Ukrainian general staff.[34] A top advisor to Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelensky has said another Marine unit that was encircled in the middle of Mariupol had broken through to connect with the Azov Regiment and that Mariupol is still standing.[35] By 16 April, the Marines and Azov had entrenched themselves in the Azovstal iron and steel works, the last Ukrainian bastion in Mariupol.[36] By May 17, most Azovstal defenders surrendered.[37]

Promotion to service branch of the Armed Forces

In celebration of the 105th Marine Corps Birthday on 23 May 2023, President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, in his capacity as Supreme Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces, in a visit to a Marine Corps installation announced that effective that day, in gratitude for service to the nation and people, especially during the ongoing Russian invasion, after more than three decades since its reactivation the Marine Corps was to be officially separated from the Ukrainian Navy and was elevated into a service branch of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, with its Commandant General now a part of the General Staff and appointed by the Commander in Chief of the AFU.[38] [39]

While it will be a separate service branch of the Armed Forces, arrangements have been made for the Navy to continue assisting the Marine Corps in its amphibious operations through its landing craft and providing air cover as well as providing shore gunnery support from its vessels for its landing operaions. The decision to bifurcate from the Navy proper and become an independent branch of the AFU was made with the needs of the Corps and its growing number of servicemen and women currently fighting against Russian forces during the ongoing invasion taken into account, as well as the status of its constituent formations and its mission and obligations in regards to provisions of the Constitution and laws of the republic as a part of the wider Armed Forces in both war and peace. The Corps will also continue to provide Marine detachments to serve in the Navy's seagoing and riverine assets and in defense of its naval bases and stations.[40] Another reason for the separation of its command structure from the Navy was the recognition that the Marine Corps needs to have independence in decision making to more effectively carry out amphibious operations.[41]

With the separation, the Fleet Marine Division was transformed into the 1st Marine Division, responsible for the operational combat formations of the Marine Corps. The Navy's overall ground based coastal defense capabilities have been under Marine Corps control since the separation.

Dnieper river campaign

See main article: Dnieper campaign (2022–present). In October 2023, the 38th Marine Brigade crossed the Dnieper river into the Russian-controlled Kherson Oblast and captured a bridgehead on the left bank at the village of Krynky.[42] The fighting there has continued into 2024, with at least three Marine Corps brigades being deployed for the campaign.[43] The Ukrainian marines have taken notably heavy losses while crossing the river and fighting to maintain the bridgehead.[44] [45]

Organization

Organization 1918

Organization 1998

Organization 2018

In 2018 the Naval Infantry Division's Organization was as follows:

The marine infantry battalions were organized as follows:

The tank and artillery battalions are organized similarly but with one to 4 tank companies or artillery batteries.

Current Structure

On 23 May 2023 the Marine Corps, after more than three decades, had its status elevated to that of a service branch of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the former Fleet Marine Division was transformed into the 1st Marine Division Ukrainian Marine Corps. The Commandant General's status was finally raised into one equal to that of the other service commanders of the armed forces. With the new status the Marine Corps' brigades and pre-war battalions received new coat of arms effective July.

Composition of Ukrainian Marine Corps[48] [49] [50]
Marine Corps General CommandA2022Mykolaiv, Mykolaiv OblastCommandant General: MG Dmytro Delyatytskyi
80th Marine Corps Headquarters and Services Battalionn/a
241st Marine Corps Training CenterА2407Radensk, Kherson Oblast
Marine Corps Recruitment CenterMykolaiv, Mykolaiv OblastDirector, Viktor Samokhin
Marine Corps Basic SchoolMykolaiv, Mykolaiv Oblast
XXX Amphibious CorpsCorps Commander MG Dmytro Delyatsky
(Concurrently as Commandant General)



35th Marine Brigade
  • 18th Separate Marine Battalion
  • 88th Separate Marine Battalion
  • 137th Separate Marine Battalion
А0216
  • А4210
  • А2613
  • А3821
Dachne, Odesa Oblast Commander Yuriy Andriyenko
  • n/a
  • Commander Oleksandr Kilafly
  • n/a


36th Marine Brigade A2802
  • А2777
  • А1965
Mykolaiv, Mykolaiv Oblast Commander Lt. Col. Mykyta Vitek[51]
  • Commander Lt. Col. Vladyslav Galkin
  • Commander Major Yaroslav Kryklyvy

37th Marine Brigade
  • 505th Separate Marine Battalion
A4548
  • A4635
n/a
  • n/a
Commander Col. Vitaliy Napkhanenko
  • Commander Lt. Col. Oleksandr Tonenchuk

38th Marine Brigade
  • 503rd Separate Marine Battalion
A4765
  • A1275
n/a Commander LTC Yevheniy Bova
  • Commander Denis Karnaushenko
406th Marine Artillery Brigade
  • 66th Separate Cannon Artillery Battalion
  • 67th Separate Cannon Artillery Battalion
  • 65th Separate Rocket Artillery Battalion
  • 64th Separate Rocket Artillery Battalion
А2062
  • А2611
  • А1804
  • А3687
  • А4217
Mykolaiv, Mykolaiv Oblast Commander COL Andrij Šubin
  • Commander Yevhen Stroganov
  • Commander Oleksandr Krotov
  • n/a
  • n/a
32nd Separate Marine Artillery BrigadeА1325Altestove, Odesa OblastCommander Volodymyr Mohylnyi
140th Separate Reconnaissance Battalion[52] А0878Skadovsk, Kherson OblastCommander Oleksandr Straryna
7th Marine Anti-Aircraft Missile Defense Artillery BattalionА0350n/a
124th Territorial Defense Brigade (Marines)А7053KhersonCommander Lt. Col. Dmytro Ishchenko
126th Territorial Defense Brigade (Marines)А7382OdesaCommander COL Vadym Mykha
414th Marine Unmanned Strike Systems Regimentn/aCommander MAJ Robert Brovdi

The 406th Marine Artillery Brigade consists of five artillery battalions equipped with towed M777, 2A36 Giatsint-B, D-20, and MT-12 Rapira howitzers. The 32nd Marine Artillery Brigade consists of three rocket artillery battalions equipped with Uragan and Bureviy multiple rocket launchers.

According to blogs, each marine infantry brigade is organized into the following:

Plans for the creation of the XXX Amphibious Corps, with the 1st Marine Division and the 126th and 32nd Brigades as its primary elements, were finalized in April 2024.[53]

Weapons and vehicular equipment

The UKRMC is equipped with the following vehicles:

It is also equipped with the following field artillery systems in the Marine Artillery Battalions:

The 7th Marine Anti-Air Defense Missile Artillery Battalion and the seven brigade air defense artillery battalions/regiments are equipped with:

See also

Notes and References

  1. https://www.unian.info/m/politics/10128026-poroshenko-enacts-law-on-ukraine-s-air-assault-forces.html Poroshenko enacts law on Ukraine's Air Assault Forces
  2. News: Zelenskyy: Marine Corps and new brigades to be created in Ukraine. Ukrainska Pravda. 23 May 2023. 23 May 2023. English.
  3. Book: The Military Balance 2022 . February 2022 . . 9781000620030 .
  4. Marines received new berets and a new holiday, Ukrayinska Pravda (23 May 2018)
  5. Web site: 2022-04-13 . More than 1,000 Ukraine marines have surrendered in Mariupol, says Russia . 2022-04-16 . the Guardian . en.
  6. http://www.mil.gov.ua/index.php?lang=en&part=structure&sub=navy Structure of Ukrainian Armed Forces
  7. http://www.vu.mil.gov.ua/index.php?part=article&id=558 "Військо України"
  8. http://fleet.sebastopol.ua/morskaderzhava/index.php?article_to_view=18 Морська Держава :: Головна сторiнка - Анонси
  9. A long way to the sea: Marines of the Ukrainian People's Republic, Istorychna Pravda (29 April 2021)
  10. http://www.tenyuh.openua.net/work.php Тенюх Ігор Йосипович
  11. http://ryadovoy.ru/militarizm/dds&antidds/marins_OOB_2b.htm Морская пехота - состав и дислокация ч2
  12. http://www.db.niss.gov.ua/docs/polmil/Neutrality.pdf Microsoft Word - Neutrality-UA_m.doc
  13. Web site: http://army.unian.ua/868195-vojini-kerchenskogo-batalyonu-sklali-klyatvu-morskogo-pihotintsya.html. uk:Воїни керченського батальйону склали клятву морського піхотинця. 2013-12-27. Уніан. 2014-06-23. uk.
  14. Web site: КорреспонденT.net. На маленьком флоту. На что сейчас способны остатки украинского флота. 30 October 2014.
  15. Web site: Під Донецьком героїчно загинув командир очаківських морських піхотинців. ТСН.ua. 18 August 2014 . 30 October 2014.
  16. Web site: Новости Одессы. В Одессе, Николаеве и Киеве собирают помощь для морских пехотинцев, отправляющихся в АТО. 27 August 2014 . 30 October 2014.
  17. Web site: Викна-Одесса. В Одессе, Николаеве и Киеве собирают помощь для морских пехотинцев, отправляющихся в АТО. Викна-Одесса: Художественная интернет-галерея. 30 October 2014.
  18. Web site: Одесская жизнь. Стало известно, кого из военных моряков отправляют в зону АТО. 17 August 2014. 30 October 2014.
  19. Web site: Vesti.lv. Остатки морской пехоты отправят на Донбасс (видео). 30 October 2014.
  20. Web site: Одессе, Николаеве и Киеве собирают помощь для морских пехотинцев, отправляющихся в АТО : Новости : Викна-Одесса. Викна-Одесса: Художественная интернет-галерея. 30 October 2014.
  21. Web site: Українські морпіхи зазнали перших втрат в АТО. UA Press.
  22. Web site: На первую ротацию вернулась из Донбасса легендарные крымские морские пехотинцы. TSN. 8 November 2014 .
  23. Web site: Today is the Day of the Ukrainian Marines . 23 May 2024 . Ukrainian National News .
  24. News: Nazarchuk . Iryna . ВМС ЗСУ. Про поповнення в морській піхоті України та її нові головні убори . uk . Navy of the Armed Forces. About the replenishment in the Marine Corps of Ukraine and its new headgear . https://web.archive.org/web/20190920033626/https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/29267517.html . 2 June 2018 . 20 September 2019 . Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty .
  25. Web site: В України сформують Корпус морської піхоти . Marine Corps will be formed in Ukraine . uk . 8 January 2018 . mil.in.ua . Ukrainian Military Portal .
  26. Web site: Командування морської піхоти – зміни у структурі ВМС . Marine Corps Command - changes to the structure of the Navy . 23 February 2018 . uk . mil.in.ua . Ukrainian Military Portal .
  27. Web site: Порошенко урочисто змінив колір беретів морпіхів і встановив День морської піхоти . 2018-05-23 . espreso.tv/ . . 23 May 2018.
  28. Web site: Морські піхотинці отримали нові берети та нове свято . 2018-05-23 . www.pravda.com.ua/ . . 23 May 2018.
  29. Web site: 100 років тому була створена морська піхота України. . 2018-05-23 . novynarnia.com/ . . 23 May 2018.
  30. News: Ukraine will not join Nato, says Zelenskiy, as shelling of Kyiv continues . . 15 March 2022 . 13 April 2022 . Koshiw . Isobel . Henley . Jon . Borger . Julian .
  31. News: Ukraine: The critical fight for 'heart of this war' Mariupol . BBC News . 13 April 2022 . 13 April 2022.
  32. Web site: 13 April 2022 . Russia says over 1,000 Ukrainian marines surrender in Mariupol . reuters.com.
  33. Web site: 13 April 2022 . Chechen chief Kadyrov says over 1,000 Ukrainian marines surrender in Mariupol . reuters.com.
  34. News: Russia says 1,000 Ukrainian troops holding out in Mariupol steelworks have surrendered . 13 April 2022 . ABC news. 13 April 2022 .
  35. Web site: Last fighters defend Mariupol as Russia says troops surrender . 13 April 2022 . BBC.
  36. Web site: As it happened: Mariupol defenders ignore Russia surrender deadline . 2022-04-20 . BBC News . en-gb.
  37. Web site: Stashevskyi . Ciaran McQuillan and Oleksandr . 2022-05-17 . Longest battle ends as Ukrainian troops evacuated from Mariupol steel mill . 2022-07-07 . The Sydney Morning Herald . en.
  38. Web site: Створення Корпусу морської піхоти ЗСУ: прагматичний приклад Кореї та абсолютний підхід США Defense Express. defence-ua.com. 2023-05-23. uk.
  39. Web site: Marine Corps to be created in the Ukrainian Armed Forces. 2023-05-26.
  40. Web site: "Absolutely not necessary." What will be the Ukrainian Marine Corps . 26 May 2023 .
  41. Web site: Syngaivska . Sofiia . Ukraine's Marine Corps Establishing: Enhancing Coastal Defense and Amphibious Operations . 31 May 2023 . Defence-ua.com.
  42. Web site: Cole . Brendan . Ukraine's Draining Push for Dnieper Left Bank Foothold Raises Questions . 11 December 2023 . .
  43. Web site: Soguel . Dominique . In Ukraine's south, marines are waging a grueling battle that could decide the region . 7 June 2024 . .
  44. Web site: Gall . Carlotta . Chubko . Oleksandr . Konovalova . Olha . Ukrainian Marines on 'Suicide Mission' in Crossing the Dnipro River . 16 December 2023 . .
  45. Web site: Strashkulych . Anhelina . Kyrylenko . Olha . Changes in Ukraine's military top brass: who was fired and why, and what we can expect from their successors . 26 June 2024 . .
  46. Web site: В морській піхоті України формується розвідувальний батальйон . 2019-03-04 . mil.in.ua/ . . 4 March 2019.
  47. Marine paratroopers received German jump wings
  48. Web site: Командувач ВМС ЗС України представив особовому складу першого Командувача морської піхоти . 2018-03-06 . Ukrainian Military Pages . 21 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201121020042/https://www.ukrmilitary.com/2018/03/first-marine.html .
  49. Web site: Юрій Содоль – командувач морської піхоти . 2018-03-06 . Ukrainian Military . 6 March 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180306181135/https://mil.in.ua/yuriy-sodol-komanduvach-morskoyi-pihoty/ .
  50. Web site: У ЗСУ створять Корпус морської піхоти. Мілітарний. 2023-05-23. uk.
  51. News: Мілякіна . Тетяна . Командир 36-ї бригади Вітек: "Основні ціннісні орієнтири морського піхотинця — честь, відвага та відданість" . suspilne.media . 23 May 2024 . 5 July 2024.
  52. Web site: Морська піхота ВМСУ матиме розвідувальний батальйон . 2019-03-04 . Ukrainian Military Pages . 6 March 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044314/https://www.ukrmilitary.com/2019/03/marine-reconnaissance-battalion.html .
  53. Web site: Ukrainian command creates 30th Marine Corps. 7 April 2024. en.

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